• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.45-53
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• 2011

Multiphase lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been used to simulate the nucleate pool boiling directly. For the phase change model, the thermal model and the Stefan boundary condition were introduced to the isothermal LBM. The phase change model was validated by the bubble growth in a superheated liquid under no gravity. The bubble growth on and departure from a superheated wall has been simulated successfully. The preliminary results showed that the detail process of nucleate pool boiling was in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.395-403
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• 1991

The purpose of this investigation was to characterize nucleate boiling and burn-out heat flux for rectangular free jet with saturated water impinging perpendicularly and upward against a flat uniform heat flux surface. Heat flux measured for Reynolds number based on rectangular nozzle width and for aspect ratio. The result of nucleate boiling heat transfer was presented nondimensional experimental equation including Nusselt, Boiling, Subcooling, Reynolds and Weber number. The effect of aspect ratio of heated surface in the burn-out heat flux had not appeared distinctly. But for the same aspect ratio, burn-out heat flux increased linearly with increment of nozzle exit velocity.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.373-378
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• 2000

An experimental investigation on the incipience of nucleate boiling in forced flow of water is performed as a verification and extension of previous analysis. The effects of the subcooling, Reynolds number and surface curvature on the onset of nucleate boiling(ONB) in a concentric annulus flow channel with smooth inner heating surface is investigated experimentaly. Through flow visualization, the boiling phenomenon was observed directly and the experimental results were examined to find ONB heat flux. The results show that the variation of heat flux at ONB is increased linearly as the Reynolds number and subcooling are increased. The effect of surface curvature is very great specially for a small radius when radius of the inner heating tube is increased, the heat flux at ONB is almost inversely increased for the range of this investigation. It is found that the effect of convex surface curvature on ONB heat flux is very significant for a small radius.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.28 no.8 s.227
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• pp.895-901
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• 2004

Single-phase convection and nucleate boiling heat transfer were locally investigated for confined planar water jets. The detailed distributions of the wall temperature and the convection coefficient as well as the typical boiling curves were discussed. The curve for the single-phase convection indicated the developing laminar boundary layer, accompanied by monotonic increase of the wall temperature in the stream direction. Boiling was initiated from the furthest downstream as heat flux increased. Heat transfer variation according to the streamwise location was reduced as heat flux increased enough to create the vigorous nucleate boiling. Velocity effects were considered for the confined free-surface jet. Higher velocity of the jet caused the boiling incipient to be delayed more. The transition to turbulence precipitated by the bubble-induced disturbance was obvious only for the highest velocity, which enabled the boiling incipient to start in the middle of the heated surface, rather than the furthest downstream as was the case of the moderate and low velocities. The temperature at offset line were somewhat tower than those at the centerline for single-phase convection and partial boiling, and these differences were reduced as the nucleate boiling developed. For the region prior to transition, the convection coefficient distributions were similar in both cases while the temperatures were somewhat lower in the submerged jet. For single-phase convection, transition was initiated at $x/W{\cong}2.5$ and completed soon for the submerged jet, but the onset of transition was retarded to the distance at $x/W{\cong}6$ for the fee-surface jet.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2011

A numerical study of subcooled onset of nucleate boiling (ONB) in a micro-channel under pulsed heating using volume of fluids (VOF) model was conducted. The VOF simulation adopting the existing experimental condition is compared to the experimental data. The time to ONB was determined when the void fraction at the microheater surface first appeared. The theoretical superheat for homogeneous nucleation relatively predicts the transient ONB results of convective flow of water well based on local temperature distribution. It was found that once heat load increases at the heater, transient flow boiling starts to occur faster.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.931-940
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• 2001

A numerical method for simulating bubble motion during nucleate boiling is presented. The vapor-liquid interface is captured by a level set method which can easily handle breaking and merging of the interface and can calculate an interfacial curvature more accurately than the VOF method using a step function. The level set method is modified to include the effects of phase change at the interface and contact angle at the wall as well as to achieve mass conservation during the whole calculation procedure. Also, a simplified model to predict the heat flux in a thin liquid microlayer is developed. The method is applied for simulation of a sliding bubble on a vertical surface to further understand the physics of partial boiling. Based on the computed results, the effects of contact angle, wall superheat and phase change on a sliding bubble are quantified.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2001.06d
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• pp.181-188
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• 2001

The present research is an experimental study of subcooled flow boiling behavior using flat, microporousenhanced square heater surfaces in pure FC-72. Two $1-cm^{2}$ copper surfaces, one highly polished (plain) and one microporous coated, were flush-mounted into a 12.7 mm square, horizontal flow channel. Testing was performed for fluid velocities ranging from 0.5 to 4 m/s (Reynolds numbers from 18,700 to 174,500) and pure subcooling levels from 4 to 20 K. Results showed both surfaces' nucleate flow boiling curves collapsed to one line showing insensitivity to fluid velocity and subcooling. The log-log slope of the microporous surface nucleate boiling curves was lower than the plain surface due to the conductive thermal resistance of the microporous coating layer. Both, increased fluid velocity and subcooling, increase the CHF values for both surfaces, however, the already enhanced boiling characteristics of the microporous coating appear dominant and require higher fluid velocities to provide additional enhancement of CHF to the microporous surface.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.1 s.244
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• pp.74-81
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• 2006

Experiments to measure the pool boiling heat transfer on the micro-fin surfaces were performed with PF5060. The effects of various orientation and subcooling of heat surface on pool boiling performance were investigated under various heat-flux conditions for plain and micro-fin surfaces. The comparison between the results of this study and those of previous work shows a similar trend at the same conditions. From the results, it is proved that nucleate boiling performance is strongly dependent on the orientation, the micro-fin structure and the subcooling of heat surface. The heat flux on the surface with orientation angles of $45^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ was larger than that on horizontal surface(${\theta}=0^{\circ}$) at same wall superheat because of the effect of bubble sweeping. The nucleate boiling performance of micro-fin surfaces is enhanced by decreasing the fin size(WxL) and the pitch, respectively. The subcooling makes nucleate boiling performance lower for both micro-fin and plain surfaces.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.365-379
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• 1994

Pool boiling experiments were carried out to study the effect of electric field on nucleate boiling heat transfer. CFC-11 and its alternative HCFC-123 were used as working fluids. Boiling on both single tube and a bundle of five tubes was investigated. Heat flux varied from 5 to $25kW/m^2$ while the applied voltage changed from 0 to 1kV. The results showed that at low heat flux where boiling was not present or very weak, electric field-induced forced convection helped increase the heat transfer coefficients of CFC-11 and HCFC-123 significantly(4-15 times increase). However, at higher heat flux, nucleate boiling of CFC-11 which is a highly dielectric fluid, was not affected significantly by the application of electric field. In contrast to CFC-11, even at high heat flux, nucleate boiling of CFC-11 which has a relatively larger electric conductivity than CFC-11, was vigorously increased up to 2-4 times. The additional power required to apply the electric field was 1-2% of the total power consumption by the heater. The increase in overall heat transfer coefficient of evaporators with HCFC -123 was about 40%, suggesting a considerable reduction in evaporator size with EHD technique.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.1239-1246
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• 2000

The objective of this work is to measure space and time resolved wall heat fluxes during nucleate pool boiling of R113/R11 mixtures using a microscale heater array in conjunction with a high speed CCD. The microscale heater array is constructed using VLSI techniques, and consists of 96 serpentine platinum resistance heaters on a transparent quartz substrate. Electronic feedback circuits are used to keep the temperature of each heater at a specified temperature and the variation in heating power required to keep the temperature constant is measured. Heat flux data around an isolated bubble are obtained with triggered CCD images. CCD images are obtained at a rate of 1000frames/second. The heat transfer variation vs. time on the heaters directly around the nucleation site is plotted and correlated with images of the bubble obtainedby using the high speed CCD. For both of the mixture(R11/R113) and pure system(pure R11, pure R113), the wall heat fluxes are presented and compared to find out the qualitative difference between pure and binary mixture nucleate boiling.