• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.2852-2858
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• 2022

A proton therapy facility is under development at Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST). To meet the need for fast energy changes during treatments, a beamline control system (BCS) has been designed and implemented. The BCS coordinates and controls various beamline devices by adopting a distributed architecture divided into three layers: the client, server, and device layers. Among these, the design of the server layer is the key to realize fast energy changes. The server layer adopts the submodule programming paradigm and optimizes the data interface among modules, allowing the main workflow to be separated from the device workflow and data. Furthermore, this layer uses asynchronous, multithreaded, and thread-locking methods to improve the system's ability to operation efficiently and securely. Notably, to evaluate the changing energy status over time, a dynamic node update method is adopted, which can dynamically adjust the update frequency of variable nodes. This method not only meets the demand for fast updates on energy changes but also reduces the server's communication load in the steady state. This method is tested on a virtual platform, and the results are as expected.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.3030-3038
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• 2023

Nowadays, mobile robots have been used to search for uncontrolled radioactive source in indoor environments to avoid radiation exposure for technicians. However, in the indoor environments, especially in the presence of obstacles, how to make the robots with limited sensing capabilities automatically search for the radioactive source remains a major challenge. Also, the source search efficiency of robots needs to be further improved to meet practical scenarios such as limited exploration time. This paper proposes an automatic source search strategy, abbreviated as ACA: the location of source is estimated by a convolutional neural network (CNN), and the path is planned by the A-star algorithm. First, the search area is represented as an occupancy grid map. Then, the radiation dose distribution of the radioactive source in the occupancy grid map is obtained by Monte Carlo (MC) method simulation, and multiple sets of radiation data are collected through the eight neighborhood self-avoiding random walk (ENSAW) algorithm as the radiation data set. Further, the radiation data set is fed into the designed CNN architecture to train the network model in advance. When the searcher enters the search area where the radioactive source exists, the location of source is estimated by the network model and the search path is planned by the A-star algorithm, and this process is iterated continuously until the searcher reaches the location of radioactive source. The experimental results show that the average number of radiometric measurements and the average number of moving steps of the ACA algorithm are only 2.1% and 33.2% of those of the gradient search (GS) algorithm in the indoor environment without obstacles. In the indoor environment shielded by concrete walls, the GS algorithm fails to search for the source, while the ACA algorithm successfully searches for the source with fewer moving steps and sparse radiometric data.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.611-620
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• 2016

In the construction of nuclear power plants, only 420 MPa reinforcing bars are allowed and, therefore, so many large-diameter bars are placed, which results in steel congestion. Consequently, re-bar works are difficult and the quality of RC structures may be deteriorated. To solve the steel congestion, 550 MPa bars are necessary. Among many items for verifying structural performance of reinforced concrete with 550 MPa bars, the 43 mm hooked bars are examined in this study. All specimens failed by side-face blowout and the side cover explosively spalled at maximum loads. The bar force was initially transferred to the concrete primarily by bond along a straight portion. At the one third of maximum load, the bond reached a peak capacity and began to decline, while the hook bearing component rose rapidly. At failure, most load was resisted by the hook bearing. For confined specimens with hoops, the average value of test-to-prediction ratios by KCI code is 1.45. The modification factor of confining reinforcement which was not allowed for larger than 35 mm bars can be applied to 43 mm hooked bars. For specimens with 70 MPa concrete, the average value of test-to-prediction ratios by KCI code is 1.0 which is less than the values of the other specimens. The effects of concrete compressive strength should be reduced. An equation to predict anchorage capacity of hooked bars was developed from regression analysis including the effects of compressive strength of concrete, embedment length, side cover thickness, and transverse reinforcement index.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.200-205
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• 1994

Proliferating cell nuclear antgen(PCNA) plays an important role in DNA synthesis in nucleoli and is highly conserved non-histone nuclear protein composed of 261 amino acid. and is considered to correlated with the cells proliferative state, because it is synthesized particulary during the proliferative period of late Gland S-phase. Therefore, PCNA index meaningfully increases in the active or proliferative kinetic cells. By the use of recently developed monoclonal antibodies against PCNA, the immunohistochemical staining methods can make possible. These staining methods are the useful and productive one for ascertaining the cell's proliferating abillity. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining method with a antiPCNA antibody has particulrar advantages as follows. By means of these methods, we can stain the tissue that was already fixed in formalin or paraffin wax. We can see with naked eye that which cell is, where is differentiated through a microscope. Lastly, it maintains the whole tissue architecture and makes a search for the correlation. As we have seen above, the immunohistochemical staining methods for PCNA have been studied as an impotant factor that can find the cell proliferative kinetics in malignancy and biologic behavior of tumors. To investigate of the proliferative activity in thyroid nodule, Authors evaluated cell proliferative activity by immunostaing for PNCA in 45 pathologically confirmed solitary thyroid nodule. The results were as follows. 1) The benign nodules were 25 cases(Adenomatous Goiter: 20 cases, Follicular adenoma: 5 cases) and malignant nodules were 20 cases(Papillary Ca : 14 cases, Follicular Ca : 4 cases, Anaplastic Ca : 2 cases). 2) The Most prevalent age groups were 4th decade(11 cases), and the next group was 5th decade. 3) The average PCNA labelling indices were as follows. Adenomatous goiter(I6.9%), Follicular adenoma(37.6%), papillary Ca(26.3%), Follicular Ca(8.8%) and Anaplastic Ca(86.7%). There were no significant differences in benign(20.4) and malignant nodules (28.8%) except anaplastic Ca(p=0.3226). 4) When the average tumor size 2cm in papillary Ca, the PCNA indices were 26.0% (below 2cm) : 26.6% (above 2cm) (p=0.9642). The PCNA incidies were 23.9% (with lymphatic spread) : 28.7% (without lymphatic spread) (p=0.7056). There were no signlficant differences in the above cases. In conclusion, there were no significant differences in cell proliferative activity by staining for PCNA between benign and malignat nodules except anaplastic Ca.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.52-60
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• 2019

The APR1400 is a 1400MWe nuclear power plant developed through national technology development project over a period about 10years. Approximately 65,000 design drawings are produced for APR1400 construction. In order to maintain consistency among numerous drawings, the highest level of design bases drawings (DBDs) are created according to design bases and this is used in the subsequent design. However, DBDs are produced and managed on a document basis and they are managed various field, it was difficult to accurately reflect the design bases information in the subsequent design. Therefore, this study recognizes limitations of the document based DBDs and develops a system that can accurately reflect the design bases information to subsequent design by adopting BIM based design bases integrated information system. Especially, by introducing DBIL(Design Bases Information Layer) concept, DBIL was created and analyzed based on five design bases(Physical protection, Fire protection, Internal missile protection, Internal flood protection, Radiation protection) applied to APR1400. In the final result DBIL set and Datasheet are integrated of room, design bases information, building data(wall, slab, door, window, penetrations). So it can be used for subsequent design automation and design verification. Furthermore, it is expected that APR1400 DBILs data can be used extensively in constructability and design economics analysis through comparison with next generation nuclear power plant.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.597-611
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• 2009

With the advent of ubiquitous computing society, many advanced technologies have enabled wireless sensor networks which consist of small sensor nodes. However, the sensor nodes have limited computing resources such as small size memory, low battery life, short transmission range, and low computational capabilities. Thus, decreasing energy consumption is one of the most significant issues in wireless sensor networks. In addition, numerous applications for wireless sensor networks are recently spreading to various fields (health-care, surveillance, location tracking, unmanned monitoring, nuclear reactor control, crop harvesting control, u-city, building automation etc.). For many of them, supporting security functionalities is an indispensable feature. Especially in case wireless sensor networks should provide a sufficient variety of security functions, sensor nodes are required to have more powerful performance and more energy demanding features. In other words, simultaneously providing security features and saving energy faces a trade-off problem. This paper presents a novel energy-efficient security architecture in an IEEE 802.15.4-based wireless sensor network called the Hybrid Adaptive Security (HAS) framework in order to resolve the trade off issue between security and energy. Moreover, we present a performance analysis based on the experimental results and a real implementation model in order to verify the proposed approach.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.362-367
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• 2005

Control network adopted in the national power-plant or manufactory are mostly vendor-dependent products, which have their own special specification, components and individual communication methods. These systems not only raise installation cost, but also bring many difficulties to maintenance and extension. To overcome these problems, this paper introduces a development and application case of a new "PC/Ethernet-based fieldbus" architecture and protocol to be used in mid-level fieldbus. The designed system has a basic idea of "3 Layers fieldbus over Standard-LAN" and implemented on PCs. PC gives user friendly environment. By using an open standard Ethernet in layer 1,2, the system has low cost, wide communication bandwidth and high compatibility. Layer 3 protocol designed for large realtime data communication makes user bypass TCP/IP layer and gives user direct access to the Ethernet. This new protocol eliminates potential collision of Ethernet, and transmits large periodic/non-periodic control data by using long-frame/wide-bandwidth of Ethernet effectively, and offers simple API-Services to the upper layer. Since the system have installed in H-power plant simulator and U-nuclear power plant simulator in Korea, it have been proved to be efficient and stable without any trouble in realtime communication service for full-scope plant simulator that has a lot of control elements.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2002

Despite its relatively small size, at least compared to other architectural programs, the house figures large in the cultural imagination. Closely identified with the individual and nuclear family, it has been frequently considered as an expression of widely held, even universal, values. Conversely, the private house has also been emblematic of more subjective desires, that change not only from person to person but from generation to generation. Certain conclusions can be drawn about the status of the private house at the end of the century, both as cultural invention and as a product of the autonomous discipline of architecture. The contemporary loftlike living space is similarly associated with work, given its emergence as an alternative home for individuals wanting space in which to live and work. In the case of what might be called the "un-private house", it is ofen a digital presence and the change of family system. This study was conducted to define the un-private house through public/private. The architectural characteristics of un-private house are as follows; 1) Alternatives- large open space with multiple function and collective free plan 2) Dematerialization- steel and glass with visual openness and ambiguity 3) Digital & Interfaces- fold and screen using technology and program. Especially, the un-private house is designed to provide individuals with emotional, superficial, and synergistic space, focusing on the personal life-style.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.137-142
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to collect baseline data about the demands for housing regeneration of the permanent rental apartment dwellers. Self-administered questionaires and interviews were provided to 144 dwellers in Incheon Man-soo 7 complex from 2008 December 29th to 31st. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: frequency, t-test, and $X^2$-test. The main findings are as follows : 1. House repairing and papering is most common used service by respondents. They also have much need for economic support. 2. Residents were satisfied with general environment of house. This survey showes that the highest satisfaction was about using food waste disposal sites. and the lowest satisfaction was about soundproof facilities on the other hand, among the questions. 3. Dwellers wanted to remodeling such as bathroom, restroom, a flower garden, space of landscape architecture. More than half dwellers preferred to leave among themselves living at permanent rental apartment as it is. 4. There is important difference in the demands of housing regeneration as the family trait. and variables of those were nuclear family or elderly/handicapped-family.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to collect baseline data about the demands for housing regeneration of the permanent rental apartment dwellers. Self-administered questionnaires and interviews were provided to 144 dwellers in Incheon Man-soo 7 complex from 2008 December 29th to 31 st. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: frequency, t-test, and $\chi^2$-test. The main findings are as follows: 1. House repairing and papering is most common used service by respondents. They also have much need for economic support. 2. Residents were satisfied with general environment of house. This survey shows that the highest satisfaction was about using food waste disposal sites, and the lowest satisfaction was about soundproof facilities on the other hand, among the questions. 3. Dwellers wanted to remodeling such as bathroom, restroom, a flower garden, space of landscape architecture. More than half dwellers preferred to leave among themselves living at permanent rental apartment as it is. 4. There is important difference in the demands of housing regeneration as the family trait, and variables of those were nuclear family or elderly, handicapped-family.