• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.62-89
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• 2016

The great part of the traditional knowledge on ethnobotanical plants and their uses is gradually vanishing due to industrialization, therefore ethnobotanical studies that explore and preserve the knowledge are in urgent needed before the knowledge are lost ever. This study was conducted to record and conserve the traditional knowledge of botanical taxa in Korea from 2006 to 2014. According to the survey results, derived from 17,328 sheets of 1,771 residents at 868 places, the ethnobotanical plants in Korea consisted of a total 924 taxa; 130 families, 493 genera, 813 species, 7 subspecies, 92 varieties and 12 form. Of them, herbs were 619 taxa (67.0%) and woody plants were 305 taxa (33.0%). 707 taxa (76.5%) out of 924 taxa grow wild, 44 taxa (4.8%) were cultivated wild species, 145 taxa (15.7%) were introduced for cultivation, and 28 taxa (3.0%) were naturalized plants. The analysis of usage for 924 taxa showed that the edible use was the highest with 58.9%, followed by medicinal with 26.9%, material with 3.7% and ornamental with 2.3%, respectively. The leaf of plant was the most useful part, followed by stem and root. Quantitative analysis of the ethnobotanical plants in Korea was performed by the basic values of FC, NU and UR, and indices of CI, RFC, RI and CV. As a result, The CI place Artemisia princeps in first position, followed by Aster scaber, Kalopanax septemlobus. The RFC place A. scaber in first position, followed by A. princeps, Aralia elata. The RI place A. princeps in first position, followed by Pinus densiflora, Morus alba. The CV place A. princeps in first position, followed by P. densiflora, K. septemlobus.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.187-191
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• 2006

This research is about the optical characteristics of algae which is collected from Nam-Hae for basic research of red tide remote sensing technique development 21 kinds of red tide organisms were cultivated to investigate optical characteristics of them in the level of laboratory, and chlorophyll specific absorption coefficient $(a^*)$ and backscattering coefficient $(b_b^*)$ are estimated by using spectrophotometer. Absorption spectrums according to species appeared to range from 0.005 to 0.06 $(m^2/mg)$, and the shapes of spectrums were also different. The range of $b_b^*$ appeared to be $10^{-2}\sim10^{-4}m^2/mg$, which had about 100 times differences between species, and the shape of spectrum have significant difference between species. These results will input as an ocean color model input parameter from ocean color.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.300-305
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• 2013

Zinc oxide (ZnO) and reduced graphite oxide (rGO) composites were synthesized and tested as adsorbents for the hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$) adsorption at mid-to-high (300 to $500^{\circ}C$) temperatures. In order to investigate the critical roles of oxygen containing functional groups, such as hydroxyl, epoxy and carboxyl groups, attached on rGO surface for the $H_2S$ adsorption, various characterization methods (TGA, XRD, FT-IR, SEM and XPS) were conducted. For the reduction process for graphite oxide (GO) to rGO, a microwave irradiation method was used, and it provided a mild reduction environment which can remain substantial amount of oxygen functional groups on rGO surface. Those functional groups were anchoring and holding nano-sized ZnO onto the 2D rGO surface; and it prevented the aggregation effect on the ZnO particles even at high temperature ranges. Therefore, the $H_2S$ adsorption capacity had been increased about 3.5 times than the pure ZnO.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.521-530
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• 2016

Weather radar is observation equipment that transmits electromagnetic waves and receives backscattered signals from the targets. The weather radar systems of the Korea Meteorological Administration have a doppler mode that can extract the target's radial velocity. However, the radial velocity over the maximum unambiguous velocity(${\nu}_m$) for which is in a trade-off relationship with the maximum unambiguous range is folded. Therefore, a dual PRF mode of which transmits and receives signals using two different PRFs(high and low) must be used to extend the vm while maintaining the maximum unambiguous range. Using a dual PRF mode, vm can be extended to the amount of lowest common denominator of two observed vm from high and low PRF. For this extension, we have developed a velocity unfolding algorithm of which uses several criteria for classification considering observed velocity differences between high and low PRF and their error boundary. Then, correction factors are calculated for each class and are applied to unfold radial velocity. The developed algorithm was applied to the Yong-In Testbed(YIT) radar and the generated better performance of radial velocity extraction than those of the previous system.

• Solar Energy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to investigate the enhancement of heat transfer without additional external power in the case of rectangular impingement air jet vertically on the flat heating surface. The technique used in the present study was placement of square rod bundles as a turbulence promoter in front of the heat transfer surface. The results obtained through this study were summerized as follws. High heat transfer enhancement was achieved by inserting rods in front of the heating flat plate. According to visulaization, it was examined because of flow acceleration and separation and disturbance of boundary layer. The smaller clerance between rod and heating plate was, the larger heat transfer effect became at each H/B. Arverage Nusselt number reached maximum at H/B=10 and the local augmentation rate of heat transfer became maximum at H/B=2. The maximum average heat transfer enhancement rate increase about 43% for the case of X/B=2 and C=1mm, compared to a flat plate without rods. The correlating equation of average Nusselt number and Reynolds number was obatined. As follws : ${\overline{Nu}}_0=1.249Re^{0.465}(C/A)^{-0.033}(H/B)^{0.013}$.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 2012

This study was to investigate the effects of high-fat diet feeding for a very long period of time on gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in mouse adipose tissue and to determine whether caloric restriction (CR) or insulin sensitizer treatment changes the cytokine gene expressions even in obese mice fed a high-fat diet for a very long term-period. Gene expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were examined by real-time PCR in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SubQ) from obese and non-obese male C57BL/6 mice at 16, 26, 36, 47, and 77 weeks of age on either normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) after starting at 6 weeks of age. In addition, gene expression levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and MCP-1 were determined in SubQ before and after rosiglitazone treatment or CR on 47-week-old obese mice. The results demonstrated that gene expression levels of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly increased with aging in SubQ of mice in both groups of diet. MCP-1 gene expression of SubQ in all ages tested was significantly or marginally increased in mice on HFD compared with ND. While TNF-${\alpha}$ expression was significantly reduced by rosiglitazone, IL-6 and MCP-1 were significantly decreased by CR. The basic data in this study will be useful for characterizing the C57BL/6 mouse as an animal model of obesity induced by high-fat diet feeding for a very long period of time, and a better understanding of inflammatory cytokine regulation in diet induced obesity which may facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent the complications of obesity.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.378-398
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• 2017

Mt. Deoktaesan(1,113 m) is located in Jinan-gun Baekun-myon and Jangsu-gun Chunchun-myon. Investigated area was decided to include Mt. Deoktaesan, Mt. Seongaksan and its neighbor area, and this study was conducted from March to October, 2015 in 12 days. Based on the voucher, vascular plants in Mt. Deoktaesan were 108 families 341 genera 525 species 4 subspecies 64 varieties 14 forms, totally 607 taxa, which is 12.4% of total Korean flora. Korean endemic plants were 15 species. Among these species, Populus tomentiglandulosa T.B.Lee, Campanula takesimana Nakai and Forsythia koreana (Rehder) Nakai are verified as planted species. Rare and endangered plants of designated by Korea Forest Service were 10 taxa, such as Peucedanum hakuunense Nakai, Paeonia japonica (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda, Koelreuteria paniculata Laxmann, Eranthis stellata Maxim., Eranthis stellata Maxim., Viola albida Palib., Chionanthus retusus Lindl. & Paxton, Campanula takesimana Nakai, Tricyrtis macropoda Miq. and Iris ensata var. spontanea (Makino) Nakai, respectively. Phytogeographical special plants were totally 41 taxa, which were grade 17 taxa of garde I, 12 taxa of grade II, 12 taxa of grade III, 8 taxa of grade IV, and 1 taxon of grade V.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.122-130
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• 2013

Objectives : The fact that Primo vessel as a new circulatory system exists in the lymphatic vessels of the rabbits which were treated with sound wave vibration therapy is confirmed with the anatomy of rabbit. Isolated Primo vessel is investigated, particularly focused on morphological features. Methods : Before the anatomy, a rabbit in a cage box was laid on the sound wave vibrating apparatus and then is applied by various frequencies and intensities for 30 min with music that a rabbit likes. Results : Isolation and observation of Primo vessel was easier when the lymphatic circular system was applied at a certain frequency and intensity of 7 Hz and 50. The probability of observation for Primo vessel enhanced to 90%. Conclusions : The sound wave therapy by a vibration apparatus is considered necessary as major process to facilitate the reproducible isolation and observation of Primo vessel.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2021

Purpose: A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging is a promising tool for cancer-specific image guided surgery. Human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the candidate markers for gastric cancer. In this study, we aimed to synthesize HER2-specific NIR fluorescence probes and evaluate their applicability in cancer-specific image-guided surgeries using an animal model. Materials and Methods: An NIR dye emitting light at 800 nm (IRDye800CW; Li-COR) was conjugated to trastuzumab and an HER2-specific affibody using a click mechanism. HER2 affinity was assessed using surface plasmon resonance. Gastric cancer cell lines (NCI-N87 and SNU-601) were subcutaneously implanted into female BALB/c nu (6-8 weeks old) mice. After intravenous injection of the probes, biodistribution and fluorescence signal intensity were measured using Lumina II (Perkin Elmer) and a laparoscopic NIR camera (InTheSmart). Results: Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW exhibited high affinity for HER2 (K_D=2.093(3) pM). Fluorescence signals in the liver and spleen were the highest at 24 hours post injection, while the signal in HER2-positive tumor cells increased until 72 hours, as assessed using the Lumina II system. The signal corresponding to the tumor was visually identified and clearly differentiated from the liver after 72 hours using a laparoscopic NIR camera. Affibody-IRDye800CW also exhibited high affinity for HER2 (K_D=4.71 nM); however, the signal was not identified in the tumor, probably owing to rapid renal clearance. Conclusions: Trastuzumab-IRDye800CW may be used as a potential NIR probe that can be injected 2-3 days before surgery to obtain high HER2-specific signal and contrast. Affibody-based NIR probes may require modifications to enhance mobilization to the tumor site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.341-350
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• 2023

The templated grain growth (TGG) method has gained significant attention for its ability to produce highly textured piezoelectric ceramics with significantly enhanced performance, making it a promising method for transducer and actuator applications. However, the texturing process using the TGG method requires the optimization of multiple steps, which can be challenging for beginners in this field. Therefore, in this tutorial, we provide an overview of the TGG method mainly based on our previous published works, including its various processing steps such as synthesizing anisotropic-shaped templates with size and size distribution control using the molten salt synthesis technique, tape casting, and identifying key factors for proper alignment of the templates in the target matrix system. Our goal is to provide a resource that can serve as a basic reference for researchers and engineers looking to improve their understanding and utilization of the TGG method for producing textured piezoelectric ceramics.