• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제47권5호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2005

The present study examined the 3 dimensional space distribution characteristics of sea water intrusion using data available from previous observations. For this study, we used 3D FEMWATER, which is a 3 dimensional finite element model. The target area was around Daechang-ri, Gimje-si, Jeollabuk-do. The area is relatively easy to formulate a conceptual model and has observation wells in operation for surveying sea water intrusion. Considering the uncertainty of numerical simulation, we analyzed sensitivity to hydraulic conductivity, which has a relatively higher effect. According to the result of the analysis, the variation of TDS concentration had an error range of $-1,336{\~}+107 mg/{\iota}$. Taking note that the survey data from observation wells were collected when the boundary between fresh water and sea water in the aquifer was in equilibrium, we set the range of time for numerical simulation and estimated the spatial distribution of TDS concentration as the range of sea water intrusion. According to the result of estimation, the spatial distribution of TDS concentration calculated when 1,440 days were simulated was taken as the range of sea water intrusion. Using the result of calculation, we can draw not only vertical views for a certain section but also horizontal views of different depth. These views will be greatly helpful in understanding the spatial distribution of the range of sea water intrusion. In addition, the result of this study can be used rationally in proposing an optimal quantity of water pumping through investigating the moving route of sea water intrusion over time in order to prevent excessive water pumping and to maintain an optimal number of water pumping wells per interval.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.274-292
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• 2006

${\ulcorner}$Diagnosis and Treatment of pregnancy in Synopsis of Golden Chamber${\lrcorner}$ stated about pregnancy nausea, stomachache, discharging blood, urine disadvantage, note and quickening uncertainty that appear during pregnancy. When diagnose pregnancy, taking a serious view pulse(脈診). If Soyakmaek(小弱服) appears in Cheokmaek(尺脈), diagnose by pregnancy. Pregnancy nausea is reaction that often appear in pregnancy beginning. Light symptoms are treated naturally even if do not treat, heavy symptoms should treat certainly because can arrive for inheritance influencing to embryo. If spleen and stomach cause lack of Youngwi(營衛) harmorny losing function, used Gyejitang (桂技揚) Because spleen course stomach is weak, so, because there are been a lot of cold liquids, if vomiting catches continuously, used Geonganginsambanhahwan(乾薑附子半夏九). When treat pregnancy stomachache because Yang(陽) is weak, it is cold and make to be warm by Bujatang(附子楊) in case have a stomachache. Because Chungimmaek(衝任脈) weak and cold, use Gyoaetang(膠艾揚) in case there are stomachache and bleeding. Because liver and spleen do not harmonize, use Dangguijakyaksan(當歸芍藥散) if stomachache and vertigo occur. ect. There is no contents that foster embryo, but I am thought by something affected greatly at future generations.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.100-127
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• 2006

The present study examined internal environment where the size of internal organs (廳服大小) of Taesoeumyang persons (太少陰陽人) is decided focused on nature and emotion (性情), taking note that there is a difference between the parts triggering the rise and fall (升降) of the energy of sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure (哀怒喜樂之氣) of nature and emotion(性情) and the parts expressing the results. Because nature energy is incoming energy (順動之氣), it infuses energy to parts where the energy of sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure reaches and, as a result, forms relatively large-size organs (偏大之臟). When the energy of the four internal organs is produced, the soul, spirit, mind and life (神靈魂?) of the internal organs, which are triggered by outgoing energy, are consumed and as a result emotion is produced at parts where the energy of sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure reaches. It forms relatively small-size organs (偏小之臟). This study examined the process, focused on the direction of the energy of the energy of sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure moving up straight, moving up diagonally, moving down diagonally and moving down straight.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.173-191
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• 2018

이 연구는 사회적 경제에 관한 학술적 관심과 정책적 적용이 증가하는 추세에 주목하여 사회적 경제를 공간적 관점에서 바라보는 지리학의 연구 주제를 정리하려는 목적으로 이루어졌다. 사회적 경제가 갖는 사회적 가치의 추구라는 지향성은 독특한 공간 특성을 나타낼 것이라 보았고, 이를 위해 사회혁신, 사회적 경제조직, 사회적 기업 등 관련 개념을 통해 공간적 의미를 갖는 요소를 도출하였다. 사회적 경제의 공간적 맥락을 이해하는 방법으로서 사회적 기업가정신이 발현되는 공간의 성격, 사회적 경제조직의 의사결정이 갖는 장소기반의 맥락, 사회적 문제 해결이라는 수요와 사회적 경제조직의 활동을 지원하는 공급의 특성이 상호작용하며 만들어가는 공간의 특성에 주목할 것이 제안된다. 사회혁신클러스터에 대해서는 기존의 산업클러스터와 차별화되는 특성을 밝히는 것이 중요함을 지적한다. 지역사회와 갖는 밀착의 본질, 당위성, 요소에 대해서는 착근성 개념을 적용할 것을 제안한다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.194-206
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• 2002

This article describes the major themes to change in historical and philosophical perspectives of science education that lead the US and Korean science curriculum reform movements since 1957. Inquiry teaching and criticism of teaching science as inquiry in the late 1950s and the 1960s, Science-Technology-Society (STS) Curricula, and Science Literacy and the 1980s science literacy crisis are discussed. In the US, three major curricular projects as responses to the scientific literacy crisis are exemplary such as the Project 2061 sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Project on Scope, Sequence, and Coordination (SS&C) initiated by the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), and the National Science Education Standards (NSES) published by the National Research Council. To identify how each set of national content standards differ, we compared specific content standards related to the theory of plate tectonics in Earth and Space science in grades 9-12 over the three national standards: Benchmarks of AAAS, NSES of the NRC, and SS&C of the NSTA. Against this historical background of the US science education reform movements, the curriculum reform movements in Korea is briefly discussed. In general, Korean science curriculum reform movements have reflected and resembled the recommendations of the US reform movements. In addition, it is important to note that throughout the history of curriculum revision in Korea, there have been continuing pendulum swings between a theoretical, discipline-centered curriculum and a liberal, humanistic, and student-centered curriculum, which pays more attention to students in terms of their interest and psychological preparedness. In conclusion, the sixth and seventh national science curriculum revisions reflect rather a student-centered movement by reducing technical and sophisticated topics, taking constructivism learning theory into consideration, and adding more STS related topics.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.1295-1317
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• 2012

There has been disagreement on the importance of definitions in science education. Yager (1983) believes that one crisis in science education was due to the considerable emphasis upon the learning of definitions. Hobson (2004) disagrees with physics textbooks that do not provide general definition on energy. Some textbooks explain that "there is no completely satisfactory definition of energy" or they can only "struggle to define it." In general, imprecise definitions in textbooks (Bauman, 1992) and inaccuracies in definition provided by teachers (Galili & Lehavi, 2006) may cause alternative conceptions. Besides, there are at least four challenges in defining physical concepts: precision, circularity, context and completeness in knowledge. These definitional problems that have been discussed in The Feynman Lectures, may impede the learning of physical concepts. A meta-study approach is employed to examine about five hundreds journal papers that may discuss definitions in physics, problems in defining physical concepts and how they may result in alternative conceptions. These journal papers are mainly selected from journals such as American Journal of Physics, International Journal of Science Education, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Physics Education, The Physics Teachers, and so on. There are also comparisons of definitions with definitions from textbooks, Dictionaries of Physics, and English Dictionaries. To understand the nature of alternative conception, Lee et al. (2010) have suggested a theoretical framework to describe the learning issues by synthesizing cognitive psychology and science education approaches. Taking it a step further, this study incorporates the challenges in semantics and epistemology, proposes that there are at least four variants of alternative conceptions. We may coin the term, 'alternative definitions', to refer to the commonly available definitions, which have these four problems in defining physics concepts. Based on this study, alternative definitions may result in at least four variants of alternative conceptions. Note that these four definitional problems or challenges in definitions cannot be easily resolved. Educators should be cognizant of the four variants of alternative conceptions which can arise from alternative definitions. The concepts of alternative definitions can be useful and possibly generalized to science education and beyond.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2007

최근 들어 디지털 정보전송, 저장 및 통신방식과 같은 정보기술의 발달과 더불어 교육환경 또한 비약적인 향상을 거듭해오고 있다. 기존의 E-Learning학습을 넘어서 현재는 언제 어디서나 원하는 학습을 할 수 있는 유비쿼터스 러닝(U-Learning)이 차츰 그 무게를 더하고 있다 유비쿼터스의 기술을 이용한 U-Learning의 핵심은 일상생활을 하면서 빈 시간을 활용, 장소에 구애 받지 않고 학습할 수 있게 함으로써 학습자들의 학습 효율성 및 효과성을 극대화할 수 있다는 데 있다. 특히 장애 학생들의 경우 그 장애의 형태에 따라 다소 다를 수는 있지만 일반 학생들에 비해 교육환경에 접근하기가 상대적으로 어려운 것이 현실이다. 이들 장애학생들을 일반 학생과 함께 수용하는 교육환경 즉, 통합교육의 경우 이러한 U-Learning 학습 환경을 조성하여 교육함으로써 훨씬 효율적인 교육이 이루어질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 U-Learning 시스템을 적용하기 위하여 요구되는 기자재, 교육 컨텐츠 및 통신 인프라 등의 제반 여건들을 살펴보고, 보다 나은 결과를 얻기 위한 교수자의 현실적인 자기관리 방법 등도 사례를 가정하여 함께 제시해 보고자 한다.

• 약학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2012

Sabaek-san has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases derived from the cold with high fever, cough, and lung dysfunction in Korea and China. There is no study for the comparison between different solvent extracts of Sabaek-san. We made two samples, one is Sabaek-san water extract (SBSW) and the other is Sabaek-san 30% EtOH extract (SBSE). Both extracts inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) protein, reduced iNOS-derived nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Also, they reduced tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) production. These anti-inflammatory effects caused by induction of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. HO-1 enzyme plays an important role of cellular anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory systems. The induction of HO-1 is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level, and its induction by various inducers is related to the nuclear transcription factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). However, it is worth taking note that SBSE has more powerful anti-inflammatory effects than SBSW. In this study we suggest that different solvent extraction makes different therapeutic actions.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.757-766
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• 2015

최근 첨단기술의 발달과 모바일 인터넷의 사용 증대로 디지털 교과서 개발이 활발해지고 있다. 따라서 본 사례 연구는 2명의 영어 학습자와 교사가 어떻게 디지털 교과서를 통해 학습하고 교수하는지를 관찰과 인터뷰 기법을 통해 탐구했다. 연구 결과 영어 학습자와 교사는 간편하고 다양한 기능과 빠른 인터넷 기반의 디지털 교과서를 통해 교수-학습에 도움을 받은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 디지털 교과서가 제공하는 많은 양의 정보가 오히려 학습자의 학습을 방해하고, 디지털 교과서를 사용하는데 있어서 교사와 학생 모두 기술적인 어려움을 겼었다고 지적했다. 더 효과적인 디지털 교과서 활용을 위해 영어 교사는 언어적 지식과 더불어 기술적 지식을 학습자에게 전달하고 학습자 주도 학습을 위한 가이드 역할을 수행해야 할 것이다.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권10호
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• pp.609-616
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• 2008

Conventional bake-hardenable(BH) steels should be annealed at higher temperatures because of the addition of Ti or/and Nb which forms carbides and raises recrystallization start temperature. In this study, the development of new BH steels without Ti or Nb addition has been reviewed. The new BH steels have nearly same mechanical properties as the conventional BH steels even though it is annealed at lower temperature. The steels also show smaller deviation of the mechanical properties than that of the conventional BH steels because of the conarol of solute carbon content during steel making processes. The deviation of mechanical properties in conventional BH steels is directly dependent on the deviation of solute carbon which is greatly influenced by the amount of the carbide formers in conventional BH steels. Less alloy addition in the newly developed BH steels gives economical benefits. By taking the advantage of sulfur and/or nitrogen which scarenge in Interstitial-Free or conventional BH steels, fine manganese sulfides or nano size copper sulfides were designed to precipitate, and result in refined ferrite grains. Aluminum nitrides used as a precipitation hardening element in the developed steels were also and resull in fine and well dispersed. As a result, the developed steels with less production cost and reduced deviation of mechanical properties are under commercial production. Note that the developed BH steels are registered as a brand name of MAFE(R) and/or MAF-E(R).