• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

This paper describes laboratory tests carried out to evaluate the influence of class F fly ash (FA) on fracture toughness of plain concretes, specified at the third model fracture. Composites with the additives of: 0%, 20% and 30% siliceous FA were analysed. Fracture toughness tests were performed on axial torsional machine MTS 809 Axial/Torsional Test System, using the cylindrical specimens with dimensions of 150/300 mm, having an initial circumferential notch made in the half-height of cylinders. The studies examined effect of FA additive on the critical stress intensity factor $K_{IIIc}$. In order to determine the fracture toughness $K_{IIIc}$ a special device was manufactured.The analysis of the results revealed that a 20% FA additive causes increase in $K_{IIIc}$, while a 30% FA additive causes decrease in fracture toughness. Furthermore, it was observed that the results obtained during fracture toughness tests are convergent with the values of the compression strength tests.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2007

This paper analyzed the extension effects of fatigue life and the application of pre-indentation in aircraft structural material such as aluminum alloys. The test specimen used the thin sheet of aluminum alloy with a single-edged notch. The experiments were conducted after making the pre-crack under a constant amplitude loading. As the fatigue life extension technique, the pre-indentation making an indent on the predicted path of crack propagation was applied. The work presented here discussed about a proper mathematical relation between crack growth rate and the range of stress intensity factor and about the generalization of crack growth mechanism with large retardation effect. A technique to enhance the applicability of pre-indentation if also mentioned.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.374-382
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• 2009

원자력발전소의 1차측 및 2차측 냉각계의 장벽 역할을 하는 핵심 설비중 하나인 증기발생기(steam generator, SG) 전열관은 공공의 사회적 안전성과 효율적인 발전 용량을 유지하기 위해 구조적 건전성을 유지하여야 한다. 또한 결함을 함유하고 있는 전열관은 해당결함을 조기에 검출, 정량적으로 결함을 평가하여 필요한 경우에는 보수조치를 수행하여야 한다. 이러한 결함의 검출 및 정량화를 위해서 검사관련 고시 및 강화된 SG 관리프로그램(SGMP)에 근거하여 와전류탐상검사법(eddy current testing, ECT)을 적용, 검사를 수행하고 있다. SG 전열관에서 검출되고 있는 결함중 응력부식균열(stress corrosion cracking, SCC)은 미세한 경우 결함의 검출이 어려울 뿐 아니라 생성된 결함의 성장속도가 빠르기 때문에 SG 전열관의 건전성을 위협하는 주요결함 기구중 하나로 분류하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 결함 깊이 및 길이별로 방전가공(electric discharge machining, EDM)된 축방향 ODSCC에 대해 pancake, +point 및 shielded pancake 코일 등이 탑재된 3 coil형태의 +PT MRPC(motorized rotating pancake coils)를 적용하여 결함의 검출가능 여부 및 크기 측정을 위한 검사를 수행하였으며 본 실험결과를 통해 SG 전열관의 건전성 및 원전 운전의 안전성을 진단하는 공학적 평가 자료로써의 활용 가능성 뿐 아니라 와전류탐상검사의 신뢰도 향상을 도모하고자 하였다.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2008년도 Spring Scientific Meeting(the 129th) of Korean Academy if Conservative Dentistry
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• pp.246-257
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 3차원 유한요소분석법을 사용하여 교합력의 위치와 방향이 상악 제2소구치의 치경부 복합레진 수복물의 응력분포에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가해 보고자 하였다. 발치된 상악 제2소구치를 이용하여 micro-CT (SkyScan1072; SkyScan, Aartselaar, Belgium)로 스캔한 후 HyperMesh Ver 6.0 (Altair Engineering, Inc., Troy, USA)와 3D-DOCTOR (Able Software Co., Lexington, MA, USA)로 3차원 유한요소 모형을 제작하였다. 제작된 소구치 모형에 쐐기형 와동을 형성하고 탄성계수가 서로 다른 혼합형 복합레진과 흐름성 복합레진으로 각각 수복하였다. 수복 후 설측교두의 협측사면 세 위치에 각각 수직, 20도, 40도의 각도로 하중을 가한 후 응력분포를 ANSYS Ver 9.0 (Swanson Analysis Systems. Inc., Houston, USA) 프로그램을 이용하여 인장 응력의 분포를 분석한 바 하중 위치와 관계없이 하중방향의 각도가 증가할수록, 또한 수복재료의 탄성 계수가 높을수록 인장응력도 증가하는 것으로 보아 교합력의 방향과 수복재료의 탄성계수가 치경부 수복물의 응력분포에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요소로 사료된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.246-257
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 3차원 유한요소분석법을 사용하여 교합력의 위치와 방향이 상악 제2소구치의 치경부 복합레진 수복물의 응력분포에 미치는 영향에 대해 평가해 보고자 하였다. 발치된 상악 제2소구치를 이용하여 micro-CT (SkyScan1072; SkyScan, Aartselaar, Belgium)로 스캔한 후 HyperMesh Ver 6.0 (Altair Engineering, Inc., Troy, USA)와 3D-DOCTOR (Able Software Co., Lexington, MA, USA)로 3차원 유한요소 모형을 제작하였다. 제작된 소구치 모형에 쐐기형 와동을 형성하고 탄성계수가 서로 다른 혼합형 복합레진과 흐름성 복합레진으로 각각 수복하였다. 수복 후 설측교두의 협측사면 세 위치에 각각 수직, 20도, 40도의 각도로 하중을 가한 후 응력분포를 ANSYS Ver. 9.0 (Swanson Analysis Systems. Inc., Houston, USA) 프로그램을 이용하여 인장 응력의 분포를 분석한 바 하중 위치와 관계없이 하중방향의 각도가 증가할수록, 또한 수복재료의 탄성계수가 높을수록 인장응력도 증가하는 것으로 보아 교합력의 방향과 수복재료의 탄성계수가 치경부 수복물의 응력분포에 중요한 영향을 미치는 요소로 사료된다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.583-588
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• 2002

The purpose of the study is to evaluate fracture toughness on the Laser and the electron beam welded joints of high tensile steels (HT500, HT550, HT650) by using 3-point bend CTOD and Charpy impact test. WM (weld metal) CTOD tests have been carried out using two kinds of CTOD specimen, the Laser beam welding (108mm length, and 24mm width, and 12mm thickness) and the electron beam welding (l71mm length, and 38mm width, and 19mm thickness). WM Charpy impact specimen is a standard V-notch type, and the temperature of the experiment is changed from -45 to 20 degree of centigrade. FE-analysis is also performed in order to investigate the effect of stress-strain fields on fracture characteristics. Results of the standard V-notch Charpy test are influenced by strength mis-match effect and the absorbed energy vE depends on crack path, and The transition temperature of Laser beam welded joints is more higher than that of electron beam welded joints. Results of the 3-point bend test give low critical CTOD and the crack path is in the weld metal of al specimens. These results indicate fracture toughness characteristics of the welded joints and transition temperature of HT500 are similar both a Laser beam welded joint and an electron beam welded joint. But the fracture toughness and the transition temperature of the electron beam welded joints of HT550 and HT650 are higher than those o the Laser beam welded joints.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4793-4799
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• 2012

Hypoxia is commonly featured during glioma growth and plays an important role in the processes underlying tumor progression to increasing malignancy. Here we compared the gene expression profiles of rat C6 malignant glioma cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions by cDNA microarray analysis. Compared to normoxic culture conditions, 180 genes were up-regulated and 67 genes were down-regulated under hypoxia mimicked by $CoCl_2$ treatment. These differentially expressed genes were involved in mutiple biological functions including development and differentiation, immune and stress response, metabolic process, and cellular physiological response. It was found that hypoxia significantly regulated genes involved in regulation of glycolysis and cell differentiation, as well as intracellular signalling pathways related to Notch and focal adhesion, which are closely associated with tumor malignant growth. These results should facilitate investigation of the role of hypoxia in the glioma development and exploration of therapeutic targets for inhibition of glioma growth.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.1746-1752
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• 2002

Fatigue fracture in machine components is produced by surface micro-crack from stress concentration area such as notch and material defect. It is difficult to predict the remaining fatigue lift of mechanical components because the surface micro-crack on critical area initiates and grows with statistical distribution. Plane bending fatigue tests were carried out on the plain specimen of Al 2024-T3 and the initiation and growth behavior of surface micro cracks were observed. The statistical distribution of surface length of multiple micro cracks and their maximum length were investigated. The maximum surface crack length distributions were analyzed on the basis of the statistics of extremes in order to examine the prediction of remaining life.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2005

Most of mechanical structures are composed of many substructures connected to one another by various types of mechanical joints with various shapes of cutouts. It is important to study these connected structures under dynamic forces for evaluation of stress concentration. In this paper, a FQI(fatigue quality index) analysis using the concept of SF(severity factor) is performed to various shape of elliptical hole. The SF is affected by the location of cutout in plate and radius ratio, static SF is analyzed with finite element analysis and the equation of FQI for predicting a dynamic SF is formed.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2019

Semiconductor chip is bonded to the substrate by melting solder bumps. In general, the chip bonding is applied by a Reflow process or a Thermo-Compression(TC) bonding process. In this paper, we introduce a Laser Assisted Thermo-Compression bonding (LATCB) process to improve the anxiety of the existing process(Reflow, TC bonding). In the LATCB process, the chip is bonded to the substrate by irradiating a laser with a uniform energy density in the same area as the chip to melt only the solder bumps and press the chip with a Transparent Compression Module (TCM). The TCM consists of a fused silica header for penetrating the laser and pressurizing the chip, and a piezoelectric actuator (P.A.) coupled to both ends of the header for micro displacement control of the header. In addition, TCM is a structure that can pressurize the chip and deliver it to the chip and solder bumps without losing the energy of the laser. Fused silica, which is brittle, is vulnerable to deformation, so the header may be damaged when an external force is applied for pressurization or a displacement differenced is caused by piezoelectric actuators at both ends. On the other hand, in order to avoid interference between the header and the adjacent chip when pressing the chip using the TCM, the header has a notch at the bottom, and breakage due to stress concentration of the notch is expected. In this study, the thickness and notch length that the header does not break when the external force (500 N) is applied to both ends of the header are optimized using structural analysis and Coulomb-Mohr failure theory. In addition, the maximum displacement difference of the P.A.s at both ends where no break occurred in the header was derived. As a result, the thickness of the header is 11 mm, and the maximum displacement difference between both ends is 8 um.