• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.144-155
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to identify the general characteristics, subjects, and methods of research on the health of North Korean refugees through a systematic literature review. Methods: A total of 140 studies on health were reviewed using the analytical framework developed by the researchers. Results: The quantitative research comprised 90.7% of the studies, whereas the qualitative research were 7.9% of them. Approximately 81.4% of those reviewed have publication dates spanning 2006 to 2015. Only 13.6% of the studies were conducted with the approval of an institutional review board. The subjects of studies were psycho-social health (151.8%), behavioral health (28.5%), cognitive health (15.0%), physical health (12.2%), integrated health (7.8%), and spiritual health (2.8%). Within the quantitative studies reviewed, the most commonly used study design was survey research (86.0%). The two sampling methods used most often were convenience sampling (53.5%) and snowball sampling (19.4%), and the most commonly used data-collection method were questionnaires (94.6%). As for the qualitative studies, the most commonly used study design was phenomenology. Conclusion: The results suggested that the reviewed studies focused on physical health more than psycho-social health, and physiological measurement more than questionnaires. Ethical considerations need to be expanded.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.251-276
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• 2020

이 서평논문의 목적은 『유럽과 북미 지역 접경지대 연구의 세계화(Globalizing Borderlands Studies in Europe and North America』를 비판적으로 읽음으로써 현재까지 유럽과 북미 지역에서 진행된 접경지대 연구의 동향을 살피고 그 서사의 확장 가능성과 한계를 논하는 데 있다. 이 책은 고대에서 현대까지 유럽과 북미 지역의 접경지대들을 대상으로 한 다양한 사례연구들을 소개한다. 공동연구의 목적과 정의를 명확히 하기 위한 서론 챕터와 접경연구의 미래에 대한 전망을 다룬 짧은 결론 챕터 외에 총 10개 챕터로 구성된다. 이 챕터들은 크게 두 가지 측면에서 현 접경연구에 중요한 시사점을 던져준다. 첫째, 이제껏 접경연구를 선도해온 유럽과 북미(대개 미국) 학계의 연구자들이 관심을 기울인 지역과 대상들에 대해 알 수 있게 해준다. 그렇게 접경연구의 현주소를 점검하고 축적된 성과들을 발판으로 다른 지역(특히 아시아)에 존재하는 다양한 접경지대에 대한 연구가 가능할 것인지, 소위 세계화라는 연구의 확장 가능성 또한 전망한다. 둘째, '접경지대'라고 하면 일반적으로 떠올리게 되는 물리적(physical)인 공간으로서의 접경지대를 넘어, 개념적(conceptual)인 공간으로서의 접경지대를 소개한다. '개념적 접경지대'의 사례는 한 개인의 정체성에서부터 통치 방식, 종교, 경제, 사회제도, 가족, 노동, 공중보건, 젠더 문제에 이르기까지 매우 다양하다. 그러나 한계점 역시 존재한다. 공동연구의 한계라고 할 수 있는 일관된 용어 사용의 부재, 유럽과 북미 지역이라는 배경적 한계 때문인지 여전히 제국주의 담론 내에서 접경지대를 이해하려 한다는 점, 따라서 여기서 그리고 있는 접경지대의 대부분이 갈등과 투쟁의 공간에서 벗어나지 못했다는 점 등이다. 그럼에도, 이 책은 여러 접경연구의 가능성을 제시했다는 점과 지정학적으로 대륙세력과 해양세력의 접경지대에 위치한 한반도의 현 상황을 이해하는데 도움을 준다는 점에서 현재적인 의의가 있다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.4-17
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• 2019

남북관계의 진전을 위한 수단이자 한반도의 역사와 문화를 연구하는 데 필수적인 자료라는 점에서 남한 사회에서 북한 문화유산에 대한 관심이 점차 높아지고 있다. 그에 따라 북한 소재 문화유산 자체를 넘어 그것의 관리 상황을 파악하고자 하는 시도가 꾸준히 이루어지게 되었다. 그러나 기존 연구의 대부분은 주로 법령을 통해 북한 문화유산의 관리양상을 파악하고자 했는데, 법령만으로는 북한의 문화유산 관리 현황을 파악하는 것은 한계가 있다. 따라서 그에 접근하기 위해서는 기본적으로 법령이 실제로 어떻게 적용 및 준수되는지, 그리고 법령에서 규정하지 않는 여러 부분들이 실제로는 어떻게 운영되고 있는지에 대해 면밀한 조사가 이루어져야 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 현행 <민족유산보호법>을 통해 북한의 문화유산 관리 체계를 검토하고, 비교적 최근까지 북한에서 역사유적감독원으로 근무하였던 탈북 인사를 섭외하여 인터뷰를 진행하였으며, 이를 통해 확인된 문화유산 관리 조직의 편제, 인력, 업무, 예산 등을 <민족유산보호법>의 내용과 비교함으로써 북한의 문화유산 관리의 실제에 접근하고자 하였다. 그 결과, 본고는 법령에서 확인할 수 없는 지방의 문화유산 관리 조직의 편제나 업무 등을 파악함과 동시에 내용이 모호했던 일부 조항의 시행 양상도 확인하였다. 그 과정에서 북한 문화유산의 열악한 관리 환경도 확인할 수 있었다. 다만 본 연구는 특정 지역 및 역사유적에 한정된 북한의 문화유산 관리 사례라는 점에서 이를 북한 전체로 확대 적용하는 것은 곤란하다. 따라서 북한 문화유산 관리 현황을 보다 객관적이고 정확하게 파악하기 위해서는 다양한 층위의 자료를 수집하고 종합 및 교차 검증하는 것이 요구된다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.67-79
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• 2016

This study aims to present the necessary elements that should be part of South Korea's National Defense Strategy against the recent North Korean cyber-attacks. The elements proposed in this study also reflect the recent trend of cyber-attack incidents that are happening in the Unites States and other countries and have been classified into the three levels of cyber incidents: cyberwarfare, cyberterrorism and cybercrime. As such, the elements proposed are presented in accordance with this classification system. In order to properly take into account the recent trend of cyber-attacks perpetrated by North Korea, this paper analyzed the characteristics of recent North Korean cyber-attacks as well as the countermeasures and responses of South Korea. Moreover, by making use of case studies of cyber-attack incidents by foreign nations that threaten national security, the response measures at a national level can be deduced and applied as in this study. Thus, the authors of this study hope that the newly proposed elements here within will help to strengthen the level of Korea's cyber security against foreign attacks, specifically that of North Korea such as the KHNP hacking incidents and so on. It is hoped that further damage such as leakage of confidential information, invasion of privacy and physical intimidation can be mitigated.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 1987

To find out the nutrient contents of temperate grasses on the south and north slope, a field experiment was conducted with five forage species of Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Agrostis gigantea and Trifolium repens. It was treated by randomized block design with 4 replications and lasted from September, 1983 to October, 1986 in Suweon. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Mean chemical compositions except NFE and crude fiber of the forage species on the south slope were a little more contented than that of north. But all crude components were significant difference among the species on the south and north exposure. 2. Production of TDN (total digestible nutrient), StE (starch equivalent) ME (metabolizable energy) and NEL (net energy lactation) of different grass species on the north slope were much more increased by 5-30% per ha (Dactylis glomerata by 5-876, Festuca arundinacea by 5%, Phleum pratense by 24-26% and Agrostis gigantea by 25-30%) than that of same grasses on the south, however, those of Trifolium repens were much more increased by 4 1-42% per ha in the south. 3. Mineral contents, Ca/P ratio and K/ (Ca + Mg) equivalent ratio of the species were slightly different between the exposures. But considering the factors of occuring grass tetany, those of the forage species on the north slope were better than that of same species on the south.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.167-184
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• 2008

The economic cooperation between the South and North Koreas is a very important issue for the unification and economic development of both Koreas. In order to reach a successful economic cooperation, there is a need to coordinate the differences of the two countries before unification. The economic cooperation and the cooperation in other sectors will be followed by the entire unification. It is necessary to prepare a mechanism that could peacefully solve the conflicts and disputes that could arise during the actual process of cooperation, which will secure stable investments and trades. The study on the possibility of introducing the arbitration system as a conflict solving mechanism between the two Koreas is a very important subject, and the basis of this study is on the examination of the arbitration laws of North Korea. Therefore, the study on the efficiency of the North Korean arbitration laws on foreign economy is studying the possibility of a systematical solution to economic conflicts between the South and North Koreas. The problems and possible solutions of the North Korean foreign economy arbitration laws are summarized as follows. First, juridical cooperation system for both South and North courts of justice needs to be set up to smoothly carry out the main procedures. Mutual correspondence and telecommunication needs to be guaranteed, also remittance and the movement of goods shall precede. Second, the free liquidation of businesses by unit and the individual and independent management of wealth of the North Korean economic bodies, organizations and businesses shall precede to independently liquidate wealth and thus make arbitration possible. Third, amendments in the North Korea's foreign economy arbitration law shall be made to some parts of regulations on arbitration agreements and specific contents of written arbitration agreements to avoid conflicts regarding arbitration agreement. Fourth, the members of the North Korean arbitration committee shall impartially manage the committee only without taking the role of arbitrator, and the clause that allows the North Korean committee to nominate the arbitrator shall be erased. In case an agreement regarding the number of arbitrators is not reached, the three arbitrators general rule shall be applied. In case of requests from any of the parties, a third country arbitrator nomination shall be guaranteed. Also, the requested arbitrator by the party shall be nominated with the cooperation of the court. Fifth, the trial in case of non-appearance or written trial shall be added to the North Korean law in to prevent intended negligence or evasion. Sixth, regulations regarding the court's investigation of evidence shall be added to the North Korean law to make fair arbitration possible in case that government power is needed in order to investigate evidence. Seventh, provisions regarding majority decision shall be added in the North Korean law in the impossibility of unanimous decisions, and the certified system in the arbitration committee official text shall be erased to prevent arrogation and assure the power of the decision made by the arbitration government. Eighth, as "the wrong decision approved" reason for cancellation of arbitration in the North Korean law includes the content of the decision made by the arbitrator could lead to uselessness of arbitration, amendment will be necessary to limit it to legitimacy of the arbitration agreement and wrong procedures. It is hoped that this thesis will be of important use in understanding the issues on the workability and the solutions to the South and North Koreas' arbitration that could be presented during the negotiations for the countries' economic cooperation.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.184-201
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• 2020

해방 이후 북한과 남한의 고고학은 전혀 다른 길을 걸어오게 된다. 특히 1970년대 이후 급격히 정치성을 띠기 시작한 북한 고고학과 대규모 유적 발굴로 학문적 성장이 가속화된 남한 고고학은 큰 차이를 보이기 시작하며, 이러한 양상은 1990년대 대동강문화의 천명 이후 더 이상 공유되는 부분이 없을 정도의 괴리가 생겨나게 된다. 그리고 이러한 괴리는 '고조선'을 전후한 청동기시대와 철기시대에 더욱 두드러진다. 그럼에도 불구하고 남한의 선사 고고학은 지속적으로 북한 고고학에 시선을 둘 수밖에 없다. 아직도 중요한 연구 주제 중인 '문화의 기원과 계통'을 찾는데 있어 북한의 자료가 주된 연구 대상이지만 그 신뢰성에 의문을 표하는 '이중적인 시선'이 남한의 고고학이 북한 고고학을 바라보는 시선인 것이다. 북한 청동기시대 고고학과 남한 청동기시대 고고학에서 보이는 '괴리'의 많은 부분은 조사 사례의 증가, 학술적인 토론 등으로는 해결되지 않는 '정치적 차이'에 의한 것이다. 그럼에도 북한 선사 고고학의 흐름을 살펴보는 것은 북한 고고학의 정치성을 비판하기 위한 것은 아니다. 북한에서 현재 청동기시대를 바라보는 인식과 남한의 인식에 어떠한 차이가 있으며, 이후 북한의 자료를 포함하여 '한반도의 선사문화', 더 나아가 동북아시아의 선사문화를 설명하는데 어떠한 문제점이 있는지를 미리 확인해 두고자 하는 것이다. 본고에서는 지금까지 북한 청동기시대 고고학의 연구 흐름을 살펴보고 동시기 남한 청동기시대 고고학과 비교하여 어떠한 쟁점들이 있는지를 검토하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate North Korean child defectors and South Korean children's pro-social moral reasoning, pro-social decision-making, moral reasoning and moral judgement on violence. The participants were 82 North Korean child defectors and 186 South Korean children in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. All respondents answered self-report questionnaires including 6 stories of pro-social moral conflicts and 4 stories of moral conflicts on violence. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, repeated measure ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The major findings were as follows. First, North Korean child defectors showed a bigger difference between the level of pro-social moral reasoning in close relationship situations and that in distant relationship situations than South Korean children did. In the 11-13 year old group, North Korean child defectors showed lower level of pro-social moral reasoning than that of South Korean children. Second, children showed more helping responses in close relationship situations than in distant relationship situations. The 11-13 year old group Children also showed more helping responses than the 14-16 year old group did. Third, 11-13 year old South Korean children showed a higher level of moral reasoning on violence than the North Korean child defectors did. Finally, North Korean child defectors judged violence with a justifiable intention as being more wrong than South Korean children did.

• 기술사
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2009

After the yield of North Korea conducted underground the first nuclear test in 2006, which was less than a kiloton, it launched a vehicle on this April 9 again, which is believed to be a Taepo-dong 2 missile, defying international warnings that the move would violate U.N. resolutions, from Musudan-ni, North Korea. Its development and proliferation of ballistic missile and nuclear bomb technology pose a threat to the northeast Asian region and to international peace and security. In the other launching the missile, a newspaper reported that "While the launch was dubbed a failure by the U.S., it was an improvement over the North Koreans' July 2006 test of the Taepodong-2, said Green of the Center for Strategic and International Studies. "It was definitely better than last time, but it's still not an operational system," Green said.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2016

Salmonella is one of the most common bacteria that causes heavy losses in swine industry and major causative pathogen of food poisoning in public health. Various methods for the identification of Salmonella such as Gram staining, agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been used. Several studies have demonstrated that Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight (MALDI TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) identification is an efficient and inexpensive method for the rapid and routine identification of isolated bacteria. In this study, MALDI TOF MS could provide rapid, accurate identification of Salmonella spp. from swine compared with end point PCR and real time PCR.