• Title/Summary/Keyword: North Korea

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An Increase the South-North Economic Corporations and Insurance as a Scheme for the Transfer of Risk - Focus on the Source of North Korea Insurance Law - (남북경협증가에 따른 위험의 완화방법으로서의 보험제도 - 북한보험법의 법원문제를 중심으로 -)

  • Kim Sun-Jeong
    • Journal of Arbitration Studies
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.267-301
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    • 2005
  • Following the increased economic corporations between the South and North Korea, many companies participate the corporation program. They needs insurance policy as a scheme for the transfer of risk from those individual company to it to an insurer. This paper review the possibility of the North Korea insurance authorities and research the origin, history, structure and context of the North Korea insurance law. The North Korea Insurance law differ from the South Korea and China's. North Korea Insurance authority has not capability of doing insurance business both side of underwriting and indemnity. Partly, it caused the uncertainty, insufficient and vague of the insurance law. The writer conclude that the North Korea insurance law faced to the needs of modernization. Especially, the Gyesung Industrial Complex Insurance Regulation couldn't cover the investor and company's risk because it is not based on the nature and basic principles of insurance.

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South Korean Demand for Tourism in North Korea and the Impact of their Expenses on the North Korean Regional Economy (한국인의 북한 관광의사와 북한 지역경제 효과)

  • Kim, Misuk;Seong, Taeyoung;Choi, Eunhee;Choi, Daesik
    • Land and Housing Review
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.1-20
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    • 2022
  • This study analyses how much Korean visits to North Korea have an impact on the North Korean regional economy. It estimates the demand for North Korean tourism via the borders of North Korea, China, and Russia and South Korean expenses to be spent in North Korea. When asked if they are willing to visit North Korea within the next five years in case the pre-conditions of the visit to North Korea are satisfied, approximately 64.1% of the survey respondents indicated 'yes'. To estimate the demand, this research employed the analysis of purchase intention, popular in marketing, based on their willingness to visit. The annual demand for tourism was 4,136,361 persons. The average estimated expense per person is KRW 1,532,000 and the total annual expense is KRW 6,336.9 billion. Assuming that airfare is excluded from the total expense and the expense is made evenly in each tourist destination, the estimated amount to be spent in North Korea is KRW 2,838.7 billion per annum. The backward linkage effect of this expense on the North Korean regional economy is KRW 7,972.1 billion in total production inducement, KRW 2,619.4 billion in value-added inducement, and approximately 2,890,443 persons in employment inducement. The value-added inducement effect is estimated to be approximately 7.6% of the North Korean nominal GDP in 2020. South Korean tourism is expected to have a significant impact on the North Korean economy. As the demand for North Korean tourism is likely to increase steadily due to the expected increase in overseas travel demand by Koreans, inter-Korean cooperation is needed for the development of North Korean tourism infrastructure if conditions improve.

The Effect of Economic Sanction against North Korea on North Korea-China Trade

  • Cho, Sung-Taek;Kim, Hyuk-Hwang
    • International Area Studies Review
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.23-44
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    • 2016
  • This study attempts to scrutinize the effectiveness of the international economic sanction on North Korea by analyzing the determinants of the North Korea-China trade with Chinese Customs House data classified under general, border, processing, bonded warehouse. The result shows that after international economic sanctions, North Korea-China trade was increased across types of trade. In particular, sanction-sensitive items were increased after sanctions and China also weakened the effectiveness of sanctions. To put it concretely, North Korea's food and fuel imports from china increased in processing and border trade. In the case of luxury good, it was increased in general trade. Strategy goods (weaponry) increased only in bonded warehouse trade. For China's import from North Korea, food and fuel were increased in total, border and bonded warehouse trade. Considering the features of each type of trade, these increase are presumed to have been playing a decisive role in weakening the effect of international sanction on North Korea.

A STUDY OF COOPERATION BETWEEN SOUTH AND NORTH KOREA IN THE FIELD OF ASTRONOMY II : ASTRONOMICAL ALMANAC (남북 천문분야 협력방안 기초 연구 II : 남북한 천문역서 비교)

  • YANG, H.J.;YIM, I.S.;LEE, Y.B.;CHOI, H.K.
    • Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.33 no.1
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2018
  • In order to encourage collaboration with North Korea in astronomy research field, we have studied the astronomical almanacs published in South and North Korea. The almanac contains fundamental astronomical data including not only daily calendar data but also unique characteristics selected by necessity in each country. We compared the South and North Korean astronomical almanacs in terms of contents, detailed descriptions, unique items, and so forth. We used the 2017 almanac for South Korea and 1993 almanac which is useful for this research for North Korea. We found that there were several differences between South and North Korean almanacs. The North Korean almanac is published for the astronomer or navigator, thus it has supplementary information about spherical astronomy such as precession of the north pole and position of celestial bodies. Whereas the South Korean almanac is published for the general public, and it distinctively contains luni-solar calendar, 24 solar terms, national holidays, etc. This study could be helpful for research cooperation between South and North Korea in astronomy.

A Study on the Creation of Parks in North Korea (북한의 공원 및 유원지 형성에 관한 연구)

  • 김동찬;김광래;안봉원;서주환;김신환
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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    • v.23 no.2
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    • pp.29-43
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    • 1995
  • In this study on the creation of parks in North Korea, which is closely re]toted to the developmental stages in North Korea, park construction plans are investigated according to the following periods: 1) from the Liberation of Korea in 1945 to the outbreak of the Korean War, 2) from the end of the Korean War to the 1950's, 3) 1960's and 4) 1970's and 1980's Major North Korean parks are also presented and common characteristics of park-making in North Korea are analyzed in the following way : 1) the character and function of the parks, 2) the development of landscaping, 3) the creation of unique North Korean parks. This study was conducted through archival research of North Korean documents and it may be limited due to the intrinsic problem of reliability that the documents have, and also to an impossoble on-the-spot survey. However this study is of value because it presents North Korean parks, as yet unpublished in South Korea, and it can be used as valuable information for further study and especially for the planning of parks and green space system in preparation for a probable unified Korea. For a profound stuffy, broader and more accurately detailed North Korean documents must be obtained and opened to the public. A comparative study on the principles of spatial composition and design elements of the parka in South and North Korea mutt also be conducted so as to find a model for the Korean park for a future unified Korea.

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Comparison of Trace Element, Metal, and Metalloid Contents in North and South Korean Plants

  • Park, Jeong-Soo;Chung, Ha-Sook;Lee, Eun-Ju
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.995-1001
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    • 2014
  • When relations improve between North and South Korea, there will be demand for North Korean edible plants because of the low labor cost and similar environmental conditions. However, there is no reliable information about trace elements, metals, and metalloids in edible plants from North Korea. Selenium (Se) and germanium (Ge) have positive effects on basic human health and are therapeutical in diverse illnesses. Metal and metalloid (Cd, Pb) poisoning, on the other hand, can cause many health problems. Plants collected from North Korea had higher selenium content than those from South Korea. Although none of the collected species exceeded the permissible levels of cadmium and lead, their content in plants was significantly higher in North Korea than in South Korea. The high metal contents in plants collected from North Korea may be associated with the soil physicochemical properties as well as the accumulated amounts of elements in the soil.

The North Korea water supply system investigated using laws and regulations (법령으로 살펴본 북한의 상수도 체계)

  • Kim, Seung-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.209-218
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    • 2022
  • This study has been conducted to investigate the North Korea water supply system. For this purpose, laws and regulations concerning the North Korea water utilities were analyzed. According to this study, the water supply system of North Korea is similar to that of South Korea. The major difference between these two systems lies in the national water supplier: South Korea has the national water supplier as well as the municipal suppliers, while there is no national water supplier in North Korea. It is noted that the North Korean water utilities depend on outside suppliers for resources necessary for water production such as electricity, chemicals, spare parts, etc. This could damage the North Korean water utilities. If required resources were not delivered properly (deficient quantity and/or at delayed timing), the water suppliers would encounter difficulties in water production.

The Necessity of Korea-Japan Security Cooperation in order to Overcome North Korea's Nuclear Treats: Challenge & Conquest (북한 핵위협 극복을 위한 한일 안보협력 필요성 : 도전과 극복)

  • Kim, Yeon Jun
    • Convergence Security Journal
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.89-99
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    • 2018
  • In the year 2018, South Korea faces a crucial decision with regard to reunification. Starting from inter-Korean and US-North summits held from April through June, A rough journey for North Korea's "Complete, verifiable and irreversible dismantlement" began. Although South Korea insists that North Korea's Nuclear 'CVID' is the only minimum condition in the process of peaceful reunification, North Korea and other countries who support North Korea, including China and Russia, will possibly claim that North Korea's Nuclear 'CVID' will minimize their political and military positions internationally. Despite representatives from each country agreeing to North Korea's denuclearization, it is inevitable that many challenges still need to be resolved during the process. From the perspective of the Chinese government, North Korea is not a country that stimulates international conflicts. Instead, China can utilize North Korea as their political and tactical leverage against the US in order to compete for hegemonic power in Asia. In order to reject the emerging supremacy of China and resolve uncertainties in the denuclearization agreement and implementation process, I suggest the necessity of 'Korea-Japan Security Cooperation' as a 'second alternative' to achieve the North Korea's Nuclear 'CVID'.

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Study on Dietary Habits of North Korean Refugees (북한이탈주민의 식습관 조사)

  • Kim, Myo-Jung;Jeong, Hee-Sun
    • Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2011
  • The number of North Korean refugees residing in the Republic of Korea (South) has reached 17,000, and this number is expected to exceed 20,000 (North Korean Supporter's Association, 2009). Refugees have developed improper dietary habits while hiding and escaping North Korea. They have also developed preferences for exotic food. This thesis attempts determine the changes in Korean food. This study also describes the view on South Korean food by North Korean refugees. According to our survey, women refugees had better dietary habits than men. Moreover, women and those in their 40's showed a tendency to choose food based on quality over quantity. Both men and women refugees responded that they cook food based on North Korean recipes. Those who view their current financial status as average or higher stated that South Korean food is tastier than North Korean food. Those whose financial status among North Koreans was average or higher when they lived in North Korea appreciated the splendor and beauty of South Korean food more. The results of this study are expected to assist in determining the differences in dietary habits between those from the North compared to Koreans living in the Republic of Korea. Therefore, studies between South and North Korean food should continue.

Development of Pottery Planting Equipment for the Restoration of North Korean Forest (북한산림복구용 용기묘 식재기 개발)

  • Choi, Jong-O
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 2023
  • In North Korea, the production of courage tombs continues, and it is known that the activity rate is higher than that of old tombs. However, pot seedling are planted using hoes and shovels used for planting old tombs with exposed roots and low activity rates. This is believed to result in excessive force when stepping on the container grave with a hoe in the planting process, resulting in the collapse of the container grave or the waste of labor due to the creation of unnecessary planting holes. Therefore, when planting courage graves at North Korean afforestation sites, it is necessary to improve the work of making planting holes using general hoes in a way that improves labor productivity in a more efficient manner. As part of inter-Korean technical cooperation to improve the North Korean afforestation method, this study was conducted with the aim of developing efficient container seedlings and using them for North Korean forest restoration projects. It is believed that developing planting equipment exclusively for container graves for forest restoration in North Korea in South Korea and providing equipment and production technology to North Korea can contribute to the development of forest restoration technology in North Korea. If the Yonggeomyo Development Planting Equipment is provided to North Korea, it will be a realistic inter-Korean forest cooperation project to avoid international sanctions by recognizing the excellence of the development products by directly using its own materials through technical cooperation.