• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.212-217
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• 2012

A fuzzy set $A$ defined on a probability space ${\Omega}$, $\mathfrak{F}$, $P$ is called a fuzzy event. Zadeh defines the probability of the fuzzy event $A$ using the probability $P$. We define the generalized triangular fuzzy set and apply the extended algebraic operations to these fuzzy sets. A generalized triangular fuzzy set is symmetric and may not have value 1. For two generalized triangular fuzzy sets $A$ and $B$, $A(+)B$ and $A(-)B$ become generalized trapezoidal fuzzy sets, but $A({\cdot})B$ and $A(/)B$ need not to be a generalized triangular fuzzy set or a generalized trapezoidal fuzzy set. We define the normal fuzzy probability on $\mathbb{R}$ using the normal distribution. And we calculate the normal fuzzy probability for generalized triangular fuzzy sets.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.79-85
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• 1967

Kim, Jong Hyup., (Div. of Biology, Atomic Energy Research Institute,Korea.;) Studies on the Cellulor Metabolism in Microorganisms as influenced by Gamma-irradiation(III): On the Changes of Free Amino acid Pool and content of Protein in Yeast clls irradiated by .gamma.-ray. 1. The strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae had been cultured synchronously in aerobic condition and irradiatel by gamma-ray from the source of cobalt-60. Drying in vacuum oven at $90^{\circ}C$ C over 12 hours, then changes of protein content (Kjeldahl) and free amino acid pool have been assayed with use of spectrophotometer. Results obtained were compared with those of unirradiated normal cells. 2. It is proved that amount of protein content in the irradiated cells increases to seven percent more than those of normal cells in the same weight of dried samples. It seems like carbohydrate breakown had been stimulated by irradiation and that relative contents of protein shows higher values than those of normal in the same weight of samples. 3. The amount of free amino acid pool in the irradiated cells shows less value about ten percent than those of normal cells, and rate of decreasing is also weak than those of standard reagent solution of amino acid. We may assume that free amino acid pool would be protected against radiation damage in living cells and more stable than in vitro. 4. The component of free amino acid pool have been assayed on second dimensional paper chromatogram, and the identified amino acids are as follows; aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, cystine, lysine, glycine, threonine, histidine, arginine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, valine and leucine. 5. Distributional presence of free amino acids are identical to that of normal cells except arginine, it is cosumable that radiation effect is univerlsal to all amino acid. However it is obvious that there are differences in radiolabilities of amino acids in irradiated cells.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.67-73
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• 2018

Gasoline that meets the quality standards is distributed in Korea. However, consumers who use toluene or solvent mixed with gasoline have appeared due to rising crude oil prices and for the purpose of tax evasion. Gasoline quality standard is enacted by the domestic and international research reference. A wrong fuel can influence automobile performance or environmental issue. Thus, empirical data from this issue is necessary. Therefore, this research observed catalyst influence by gasoline property change and inspect influence of environment. In this study, fuel property evaluation, lean-burn evaluation, and real vehicle exhaust emission test were performed. In the result of fuel property, the fuel "A" was measured to be up to 27% less octane than the normal gasoline and the distillation property was measured 24% higher than normal gasoline. In the test result of single cylinder engine lean-burn test, the fuels "A" and "B" show torque value 20% less than the normal gasoline. As a result of vehicle test using the catalyst, the fuel "A" was increased more than the normal gasoline with 83% THC, 1,806% CO and 128% NOx, and the fuel "B" was increased more than normal gasoline with 1.6% THC, 391% CO and 142% NOx.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.300-308
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• 2022

Background: This study investigated the prognostic impact of spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients newly diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 214 patients who were newly diagnosed with MM between March 2015 and December 2019. The patients were classified into five different infiltration patterns based on spine MRI as follows: (1) normal appearance, (2) focal, (3) diffuse, (4) combined focal and diffuse infiltration, and (5) "salt-and-pepper." Results: Forty patients (18.7%) showed a normal appearance, whereas focal, diffuse, combined focal and diffuse infiltration, and "salt-and-pepper" patterns were identified in 68 (31.8%), 40 (18.7%), 52 (24.3%), and 14 patients (6.5%), respectively. The patients with normal and "salt-and-pepper" patterns were younger than patients with other patterns (median age, 61.6 vs. 66.8 years; p=0.001). Moreover, 63% and 59.3% of patients with normal and "salt-and-pepper" patterns were scored International Staging System (ISS) stage I and revised ISS (R-ISS) stage I, respectively, whereas only 12.5% of patients with other patterns were scored ISS stage I and R-ISS stage I. Patients with normal and "salt-and-pepper" patterns had a better prognosis than those with other patterns, whereas relapse and death rates were significantly higher in patients with focal, diffuse, and combined MRI patterns. Conclusion: Characteristic MRI findings have a significant prognostic value for long-term survival in patients newly diagnosed with MM. In particular, focal, diffuse, and combined focal and diffuse infiltration patterns are unfavorable prognostic factors.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

It is well known that concentration of C-reactive protein(CRP) in the serum increase as nonspecific reaction of the various tissue injury. The CRP, synthesized in the hepatocyte, is one of 'acute phase proteins' in the serum. The main signal patterns of this protein are regulated by synthesis of interleukin-I secreted from macrophage in the area of tissue injury. Many studies were performed for quantitative analysis for CRP according to various surgical operation, but the study for fracture patients associated with trauma, especially in mandible, are rare. The mandible fracture have intrinsic danger for infection in oral bacteria associated with open wound in oral cavity, and, are difficult for detection of tissue reaction between surgical swelling and infection by facial swelling. In this study, quantitative analysis for CRP associated tissue injury in mandibular fracture and surgical intervention was done, the results were as follows: 1. After initial mandibular trauma, the value of serum CRP diminished sequentially, most high value was presented in post-traumatic 2 days. 2. The CRP was diminished significantly 2 days after surgical intervention, and maintained normal value in 5 days after surgery. 3. The change of CRP are higher value in surgical intervention than initial trauma, it suggested that tissue injury from surgery was severe than trauma. 4. The high value of CRP was obtained in mandibular fracture combined soft tissue injury than no associated soft tissue injury. 5. In measurement of CRP according to surgical approach, highest serum value in patients of combined intra-oral and extra-oral approach was showed, and intra-oral approach, extra-oral approach, in sequential orders. 6. The CRP value are more higher in patient of 2 fracture site than only one fracture site. From the results obtained in this study, CRP has showed different values in mandibular fracture associated with severity of tissue injury and surgical intervention, and quantitative analysis of CRP value in serum can be applied to the clinical management of mandibular fracture.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.35-42
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to make an empirical analysis of the influencing factors of consumer purchase intention of ginseng products, one of the specialties of jilin province in china, on the basis of expanding the theoretical model of planned action at the level of perceived value, so as to better grasp consumer purchase behavior of ginseng products. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among ginseng product consumers living in jilin, and 360 valid samples were statistically analyzed using SPSS 23.0.The analysis results show that behavioral attitude, subjective norms, cognitive behavior control, price value, emotional value and social value have considerable influence on consumers' intention to buy ginseng products, and the influence of perceived value is significantly greater than the three factors of planned action theory. Moreover, the functional value has little influence on consumers' intention to buy ginseng products.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.29-50
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• 2016

This study aims to find out tendencies of transition of family values in newspapers which were published in May. The study was conducted on content analysis of Chosun and Donga daily newspapers in odd dates of May from 1970 to 2014. Based on preceding research, family values were classified into sub areas such as 'Value of Family,' 'Value of Marriage,' 'Value of Children,' 'Value of Filial Piety' and 'Value of Sex Role.' The collected articles were classified into five sub areas. This study collected 288 articles considering overlap count. According to the study, the newspapers seem to be interested in 'Value of Family' and 'Value of Children', but not 'Value of Marriage'. And academic, social, political efforts to improve family life or raise a necessity to change family values can evoke mass media's interest about family values. Meanwhile, some newspaper articles appear to support an opinion that 'The Healthy Families Act' postulates a claim like 'the traditional family is a normal family'. It seems that newspapers misunderstood about 'The Healthy Families Act.' So we should judge what is more right between two opinions because mass media can reconstruct reality. The tendency of transition of family values is actually slight or the tendency of family values in newspapers cannot show actual family values. Moreover, we have to reconsider that highlighting just 'paternity' can make men overlook other roles in the household like caring for children or cleaning.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.167-172
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• 1998

Methods of evaluating the physiological activity of the living body are EEG, EOG, Heart rate, and Rectal temperature, etc. In the study of Hagiwara and Araki(1993), they found positive correlations among performance test, physiological measurement, and subjective feeling measurement. Human alertness of pilot directly influences on the flight performance that accomplishes a lot of vigilance task and procedure execution in flight. Accordingly, this paper deals with the quantitative and objective performance test based on tracking error and reaction time by means of the new computer test program into which the perception-motion system of human beings is applies. Throughout this experiment using performance thst, the results suggest that performance capability in state of sleep deprivation 2 hours and alcoholic 0.05 .apaprox. 0.06% in blood were more impaired than one in a normal state, and they further showed statistically significant differences between them, which were influenced by impairment factors of body regulation and pilot's grade. We also obtained the prediction value and the 95% confidence interval of tracking error and reaction time at the normal state for the purpose of distinguishing performance capability between the normal state and the abnormal state. And it is ecpected that the evaluation of human alertness using performance test will be applied to the quantitative assessment of an each pilot's realistic consciousness/attention, and will lead a flight commander to the accurate decision of mission approval prior to a flight.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07a
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• pp.175-177
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• 1996

This paper is studied on the numerical analysis of temperature distribution on the Nb-foil due to the eddy current under operating a superconducting power supply. The increase of rotating speed and magnetic flux above critical magnetic field lead to the temperature rising in the normal spot, the heat was distributed in the region of 30% distance from the center of the normal spot, but the most of the heat was transferred to LHe. Under operation of the sc power supply, the increase of rotation speed has the more influence on the temperature rising than that of magnetic flux. we can conclude that the totaling speed of normal spot is the main design consideration of the sc power supply, and get the optimal value of rotating speed.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.89-95
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• 2016

The purpose of this work is to analyze and synthesize the pseudo-periodicity of voice using a source model. A speech signal has periodic characteristics; however, it is not completely periodic. While periodicity contributes significantly to the production of prosody, emotional status, etc., pseudo-periodicity contributes to the distinctions between normal and abnormal status, the naturalness of normal speech, etc. Measurement of pseudo-periodicity is typically performed through parameters such as jitter and shimmer. For studying the pseudo-periodic nature of voice in a controlled environment, through collected natural voice, we can only observe the distributions of the parameters, which are limited by the size of collected data. If we can generate voice samples in a controlled manner, experiments that are more diverse can be conducted. In this study, the probability distributions of vowel pitch variation are obtained from the speech signal. Based on the probability distribution of vocal folds, pulses with a designated jitter value are synthesized. Then, the target and re-analyzed jitter values are compared to check the validity of the method. It was found that the jitter synthesis method is useful for normal voice synthesis.