• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.223-229
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to present the reference values for cardiac size and cardiothoracic ratio change, normal range and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in pregnancy and non pregnancy of normal Korean women using chest X-ray. The subjects of this study were 58 women, who were read as normal by chest radiologist, had chest radiography taken on both last month of pregnancy, pre-pregnancy and within 2 years following delivery. In this study, we defined the last month of pregnancy as pregnancy and before or post pregnancy as non-pregnancy. CS and CTR were measured by two radiological technologist who had clinical experience more ten years with Danzer's method. Statistical methods were paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. Significance level ${\alpha}$ was 0.05 and p-value 0.05 or less was statistically significant. For pregnancy, the mean of left and right cardiac size was $40.11{\pm}8.73mm$ and $89.51{\pm}11.9mm$, CS was $128.60{\pm}13.15mm$, CTR was $44.51{\pm}4.21%$. In non pregnancy, $36.50{\pm}8.18mm$ and $77.68{\pm}13.1mm$. CS and CTR were $114.18{\pm}14.28mm$ and $42.03{\pm}4.04%$. Both pregnancy and non pregnancy, the difference of the mean value in left and right cardiac size, CS and CTR were statistically significant (p<0.01). but comparing mean on age, height and weight, the difference of the mean value between groups was not (p>0.05). In the result of this study, the mean size of CS increased by 12.6% in pregnancy($128.60{\pm}13.15mm$) compared to the non pregnancy($114.18{\pm}14.28mm$), and increased by 9.8% in the right side of the heart and 15.2% in the left side. The mean size of CTR increased about 5.9% in pregnancy ($44.5{\pm}4.21%$) compared to non pregnancy($42.03{\pm}4.04%$).

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.64-71
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• 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the effects of osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system methylphenidate on changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Methods: A total of 26 children with ADHD (21 boys, mean age: $9.2{\pm}2.05$ years old) were recruited. Each ADHD participant was examined for changes in rCBF using technetium-99m-hexamethylpropylene amine oxime brain SPECT before and after 8 weeks methylphenidate medication. Brain SPECT images of pediatric normal controls were selected retrospectively. SPECT images of ADHD children taken before medication were compared with those of pediatric normal controls and those taken after medication using statistical parametric mapping analysis on a voxel-wise basis. Results: Before methylphenidate medication, significantly decreased rCBF in the cerebellum and increased rCBF in the right precuneus, left anterior cingulate, right postcentral gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and right precentral gyrus were observed in ADHD children compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). After medication, we observed significant hypoperfusion in the left thalamus and left cerebellum compared to pediatric normal controls (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). In the comparison between before medication and after medication, there was significant hyperperfusion in the superior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus and significant hypoperfusion in the right insula, right caudate, right middle frontal gyrus, left subcallosal gyrus, left claustrum, and left superior temporal gyrus after methylphenidate medication (p-value<.0005, uncorrected). Conclusion: This study supports dysfunctions of fronto-striatal structures and cerebellum in ADHD. We suggest that methylphenidate may have some effects on the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, and cerebellum in children with ADHD.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.513-521
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• 2001

The chronic cholestasis induce to biliary liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) and the increased products of ROS(reactive oxygen species) cause to the liver damage. In this study ; the antioxidant and antifibrotic effect of dried extracts of oriental medicine (DW) was investigated under the liver fibrotic (cirrhotic) condition. The female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in 5 groups (Normal, Op-2, Op-4, OpDW-2, OpDW-4). Except for normal group, the rats were induced to biliary liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) by the operation of bile duct ligation/scission (BDU/S) and were observed in 2 weeks or 4 weeks. And the prepared DW was treated p.o.2 ml/day/rats in 2 weeks or 4 weeks for OpDW groups. At the time of sacrifice, the liver, kidney, spleen were weighed and the ratio of organ weight/body weight was calculated. The MDA, the hyp and biochemical parameters (GOT GTP, ALP, t-bili) were measured in sera and liver tissue of rats. The biochemical change was observed on liver tissue. In the result, the hepatomegaly and spleenomegaly appeared in all BDL/S operated rats, and significantly lower liver weight was observed in OpDW-4 group compared with in Op-4 group (p<0.05). The level of clinical parameters in sera of all liver fibrosis (cirrhosis) developed rats was higher than in normal group. Especial1y, the value of GOT in OpDW-2 group and ALP in OpDW-4 group showed significantly lower than in Op-2 group and Op-4 group (p<0.01, p<0.005). The content of hyp in all operation groups was significantly higher than in normal group (p<0.05∼<0.005), and showed significantly lower value in the OpDW-4 group than in Op-4 group (p<0.05). The product of lipid peroxidationUDA) increased significantly under the fibrotic(cirrhotic) condition (p<0.05∼ <0.005), and the MDA value in OpDW-4 group decreased significantly in Op-4 group (p<0.005). The histological change (bile duct proliferation, fibrosis, collagen bundle) was similarly observed in Op-2 group and in OpDW-2 group, but the weak fibrosis and bile duct proliferation were observed in OpDW-4 group compared with in Op-4 group. In conclusion, lipid peroxidation and severe liver damage were activated by bile duct obstruction, and the measurement of MDA and hap can be useful monitor for the screening of antioxidant and antifibrotic effect in experimental liver fibrosis (cirrhosis). The 4 weeks treatment with DW extracts suppressed lipid peroxidation and inhibited fibrotic (cirrhotic) process in BDL/S operated rats.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1969

From viewpoints of over-all ship economy the straight framed V-bottom hull forms with chines are considered to be attractive even for usual commercial vessels, because increments of resistance over that of round hull forms, if any, can be well compensated with reduction in construction cost.[1] To investigate the influences of both prismatic coefficient and chine elevation on resistance performance, three models of straight-framed V-bottom hull forms which are similar to Prof. C. Ridgely-Nevitt's W-18, W-8, and W-20[2],[3] in size and hull form coefficients were tested at the SNU Ship Model Towing Tank for resistance measurements. They are of Cp=0.60, 0.65 and 0.70 and of ${\Delta}/(0.01L)^3=300$. Influence of variation of chine elevation on resistance performance were observed with the test results obtained at normal condition, and at the trimed by the stern by 2% and 4% of $L_{bp}$ at normal condition under same displacement. The hull form characteristics are shown in Table 1, and in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The test results are shown in Fig 8, 9 and 10 in the form of Cr vs. $V/\sqrt{L}$ curves taking Cp as a parameter for normal condition, trim by the stern in 2% and 4% $L_{bp}$ at normal condition , respectively. Cr vs. $V/\sqrt{L}$ curves taking trim condition as a parameter are also shown in Fig 11, 12 and 13 for Cp=0.60 and 0.70, respectively. The best and the worst trim condition at given $V/\sqrt{L}$ in viewpoint of Cr are plotted for each Cp-value as shown in Fig 14, 15 and 16. From the above results the following conclusions are derived: (1) In general, the resistance performance of the straight-framed V-bottom hull forms are not inferior to those of round hull forms. At a certain range of $V/\sqrt{L}$ the former gives less resistance than the latter. (2) Regarding influences of Cp on Cr, it is observed that, at $V/\sqrt{L}$ less than about 0.925, the greater Cp-value gives the more increment of Cr, and that, at $V/\sqrt{L}$ greater than about 0.925 the smaller Cp-value gives the more increment of Cr. It is also noteworthy that the model of Cp=0.70 has remarkable hump on Cr vs. $V/\sqrt{L}$ curve between $V/\sqrt{L}=0.80$ and 0.90. (3) For higher speed within the test range, the chine elevation having the steeper slope around bow and the easier slope around amidship and stern, refered to watering, give the better results in resistance performance. (4) Assuming the chine elevations adopted for the tested models were not of the best, we would expect further improvement of resistance performance for such form. Hence, a systematic study on chine elevation is very disirable to prepare design data of general purpose for the such hull forms.

• 치과방사선
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.81-91
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• 1986

The author obtained the trans cranial radiographs of right and left side and the individualized lateral tomograms of right and left side after the analysis of submental vertex view from 8 young adults of 25-32 years with normal occlusion. The condylar position from 32 radiographs of normal TMJs were assessed with each measurement methods. All datas from these analyses were recorded and statistically processed with CYBER computer system. The results were obtained as follows. 1. In each measurement methods, the area measurements using the midpoint fossa and the midpoint condyle revealed the hightest concordance rate between the radiographic pairs. 2. In the subjective evaluation, the qualitative concordance existed in 44% and the full concordance existed in 25%, so it was found that concordance rates were relatively low between the radiographic pairs. 3. In each measurement methods, the area measurement using the midpoint fossa revealed the strongest correlation between the radiographic pairs. 4. The correlations between the area measurement using the midpoint fossa and subjective valuation revealed relatively strong value which is 0.926 in the trans cranial radiographic series and the lowest value which is 0.743 in the tomographic series.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analysis the pollutant loading of Chin yang Reservoir according to the variation of outflow. Regression equation of the pollutant loading and outflow was represented as $L=a\;Q^b$ in which L = pollutant loading(kg/day), a and b = regression coefficient, and Q = outflow($m^3/day$). Regression coefficients ($R^2$) of Sanchung, Sinan and Changchon site was in range of 0.8376 to 0.9818. Therefore the pollutant loading was good correlated with outflow. Changchon site had minimum b value because outflow of pollutant was little compared with rainfall. The SS was the highest b value 1.621~1.7834 among water quality parameters because the pollutant loading of SS was much affected by outflow. Also, the pollutant loadings per area could be calculated and compared in case of the dry season, normal season and flood season. The pollutant loading in the normal and flood season except the dry season were higher in order of Sanchung, Sinan and Changchon site. Pollutant loading per area were higher in order of Sinan, Sanchung and Changchon site. When it compared with pollutant loading per area calculated using pollutant unit loading, T-N was much different each other.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1987

This study was to explore the level of self-actualization of the students in Korea Air and Correspondence University. The study subjects consisted of 507 students who visited the counseling center for taking advices to several psychosocial problems due to distance education through nursing counseling. The self actualization of the subjects evaluated by the self-actualization Inventory standardized by Kim and Lee in Korea. It consisted of 130 two-choice comparative value and behavior judgements. The items also consisted of two basic scales: one is inner directed scale (107 items) and the other is time competence (23 items) which included eight subscales, each of which measures a conceptually important element of self-actualization. Analysis of finding was as follows: 1) The self-actualization mean score of the total subjects was characterized by normal value within normal range of scale. The highest subscale score was NC scale: the lowest scale was EX scale. 2) The mean score of time competence scale of female student was higher than male student's time competence scale. 3) There was no significant differences in self aclualization among 4 groups in age. 4) There was also no significant differences in self-actualization between the group taken one time nursing counseling and the group taken two more times nursing counseling. 5) The problems of Job, learning, personality and further study, significantly had effects on the score of self-actualization level.

• 경영과학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2001

In recent environment of dynamic management, there is growing recognition that information and knowledge management systems are essential for efficient/effective decision making by CEO. To cope with this situation, we suggest the Data-Miming scheme as a key component of integrated information and knowledge management system. The proposed system measures business performance by considering both VA(Value-Added), which represents stakeholder’s point of view and EVA (Economic Value-Added), which represents shareholder’s point of view. To mine the new information & Knowledge discovery, we applied the improved genetic algorithms that consider predictability, understandability (lucidity) and reasonability factors simultaneously, we use a linear combination model for GAs learning structure. Although this model’s predictability will be more decreased than non-linear model, this model can increase the knowledge’s understandability that is meaning of induced values. Moreover, we introduce a random variable scheme based on normal distribution for initial chromosomes in GAs, so we can expect to increase the knowledge’s reasonability that is degree of expert’s acceptability. the random variable scheme based on normal distribution uses statistical correlation/determination coefficient that is calculated with training data. To demonstrate the performance of the system, we conducted a case study using financial data of Korean automobile industry over 16 years from 1981 to 1996, which is taken from database of KISFAS (Korea Investors Services Financial Analysis System).

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제67권10호
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• pp.1353-1357
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• 2018

This paper compares and analyzes Fusarium wilt of radish by using an unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) with the NDVI-7 camera. The UAV have taken near-infrared images of the Radish field in Gangwon area, which is affected by Fusarium wilt. Based on those images, we analyzed NDVI(Normalized difference vegetation index) and compared conditions of radish by using the Blue value among Regular Vegetation Index in NDVI. First, the radish field is divided into three fields for radish, soil and vinyl. Each field has separate Blue values that are radish 0.4890, soil 0.2959, vinyl -0.0605 respectively. Second, radish condition levels are divided into four stages which are normal, early, middle, and late stage of Fusarium wilt. The average values of each stage are normal 0.5165(100%), early 0.4565(88%), middle 0.3444(66%), and late 0.1772(34%) respectively. This result shows that this NDVI value is validated by measuring conditions of Radish and soil.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.187-192
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• 1988

A gamma camera coupled to a computer was used in 20 normal volunteers after ingestion of the mixture of $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ and milk in order to determine gastric emptyng time (GET) and to evaluate the effect of metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist that stimulates gastric motility, to gastric emptying. The normal value for biological gastric emptying half time was found to be $63{\pm}7$ minutes, and the gastric emptying was monoexponential fashion, at least for the first 60 minutes. Among the 20 volunteers, nine were repeated the test after injection of metoclopramide, which has significantly reduced the value of GET to $31{\pm}3$ minutes (p<0.01). GET test using $^{99m}Tc-DTPA$ is very useful in gastric function evaluation, especially in follow-up check of the functional change.