• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 1981

The fasting serum gastrin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 32 normal healthy subjects without recognized gastrointestinal symptoms and 90 patients with various gastric diseases, who were visited or admitted to National Medical Center from February to June, 1981. The following results were obtained; 1) The fasting mean serum gastrin level in normal subjects was $55.9{\pm}26.3pg/ml$, and there was no difference between male and female. 2) The gastrin levels in gastric and duodenal ulcer were $85.0{\pm}28.4$ and $76.0{\pm}43.0pg/ml$ respectively, and it's values were elevated as compared with normal subjects. In gastric ulcer, the gastrin level was elevated than that of duodenal ulcer, but no significant difference in each other. 3) The gastrin level in stomach cancer was $89.5{\pm}42.2pg/ml$, and it's values were markedly elevated as compared with values in normal subjects. 4) The gastrin level in gastritis was $73.4{\pm}37.4pg/ml$, and it's values were elevated as compared with values in normal subjects. 5) The gastrin level in post-gastrectomy state was $50.3{\pm}16.3pg/ml$, and it's values were slightly decreased as compared with values in normal subjects.

• 대한소아치과학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.537-548
• /
• 1996

To investigate the relationship between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stage of the hand-wrist in subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion, hand-wrist radiographs and panoramic radiographs were taken from subjects of normal occlusions(94 males, 88 females) and Class III malocclusions(75 males, 76 females) who had no systemic diseases and no history of orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment. Fishman's method for the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and Demirijian's method for the calcification stages of mandibular canines were used and analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. In subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion, skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist and calcification of mandibular canines at various ages occured earlier in females than in males(p<0.05). 2. Comparing the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist and the calcification stages of mandibular canines between subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion, there were no significant differences between the groups. 3. The correlation coefficient between the calcification stages of mandibular canines and the skeletal maturity stages of the hand-wrist. in subjects with normal occlusion and Class III malocclusion showed a high association(p<0.01). 4. In stage 4 of the skeletal maturity of the hand-wrist, the frequency distribution of calcification G stage among the various calcification stages was highest both in normal occlusion and in subjects with Class III malocclusion. However, there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of calcification stages between the groups.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.280-288
• /
• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient and food intake status in underweight female college students living in Seoul. 126 underweight(BMI<20) and 74 normal weight (20$\leq$BMI<25) students were asked for their daily food intake and eating habits by using 3-day food records and questionnaire. We analyzed the amounts of the nutrient intakes and food groups as the subjects. The mean of height and weight were 162.1cm and 49.0kg in underweight and 160.6cm and 54.9kg in normal weight subjects. The mean energy, iron, and vitamin A intakes among the students were smaller than RDA for Koreans. The mean calcium(p<0.01), sodium(p<0.05), and vitamin B$_2$(p<0.05) intakes in underweight subjects were significantly higher than those in normal weight subjects. Total food intakes of underweight and normal weight students were 1235.8g and 1078.1g, respectively. The mean of the pulse group in the underweight was significantly higher than that in normal group(p<0.01) Frequently consumed food or dish items of the subjects were Kimchi, cooked rice, and milk. In the relation between BMI and dietary factors, the BMI was found to have a significant negative correlation with calcium intake(p<0.05), pulse intake(p<0.01) and eating habit score(p<0.01) Eating habit scores about quantity of food and lipid intake showed a significant difference between underweight and normal students.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.81-98
• /
• 1998

Isokinetic evaluation of trunk flexors and trunk extensors was performed at $60^{\circ}/sec\;and\;120^{\circ}/sec$ of angular velocity by using cybex 6000TEF Unit on 31 healthy male white workers and 15 post-operative HILD patients with no significant difference in mean age and mean body weight between two groups, and compared each other. The purpose of this study is to obtain the isokinetic normative strength values and endurance latins for Dunk extensors and trunk flexors, and is to provide a guideline for rehabilitation program of post-operative HILD patients. The collected data were analyzed by ANOVA, Duncan's Nyktuoke Range Test, and Pearson correlation coefficiency in PC-SAS program, The results obtained were as follow ; 1. Post-operative subjects has lower isokinetic values than normal subjects in peak torque, peak torque $\%$ by body weight, total work, total work $\%$ by body weight, average power, average power $\%$ by body weight, TAAE of trunk flexors and trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value in trunk extensors at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and in trunk flexors and trunk extensors at $120^{\circ}/sec$ between two groups(p<0.05). 2. Pest-ooperative subjects has lower values for angle of peak torque than normal subjects in trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value at $60^{\circ}/sec$ and $120^{\circ}/sec$ between two groups. 3. Post-operative subjects has higher values for endurance ratios than normal subjects in trunk extensors and flexors, but there are no significant differences with statistic value between two groups. 4. Post-operative subjects has higher values than normal subjects in peak torque ratios, total work ratios, average power ratios of trunk flexors to trunk extensors, and there are significant differences with statistic value between two groups(p<0.01). 5. There is significant positive-correlation with statistic valve between peak torque and height and body weight in normal subjects(p<0.05), but Thjere is significant negative-correlation between peak torque of trunk extensor at $120^{\circ}/sec$ and age (p<0.05). 6. There is significant positive-correlation with statistic value between peak torque of trunk flexors and body weight in post-operative subjects (p<0.05), but There is significant negative-correlation between peak torque of trunk extensor add age (p<0.05). In conclusion, post-operative subjects have greater weakness in trunk musculature than normal subjects, especially there is more significant weakness in trunk extensors than in trunk flexors

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제25권7호
• /
• pp.608-616
• /
• 1992

Using the hematofluiorometer normal values of the erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin(ZPP) and ZPP/Heme ratio were measured in 312 males and 163 females aged from 6 month to 73 years old and compared with those of anemic persons. The mean$\pm$SD values of ZPP of normal Koreans were 28.5$\pm$6.4($\mu\textrm{g}$/dl) in males and 3.18$\pm$7.7 in females. the mean$\pm$SD of ZPP/Heme ratio were 49.5$\pm$12.3($\mu$mol/mol heme) in males and 62.0$\pm$15.8 in females. The difference in the mean ZPP and ZPP/Heme ratio values between male and female subjects were statistically signficant(p<0.0001) In male subjects the mean ZPP and ZPP/Heme ratio of the age groups less than 15 years old were higher than adult groups and the difference between age groups was significant(p<0.005 and p<0.0001 respecti-vely) The normal upper limit of the mean$\pm$2SD in normal male and female subjects were 41.3 and 47.2 for ZPP and 74.1 and 93.6 for ZPP/Heme ratio respectively. The mean values of ZPP and ZPP/Heme ratio measured in the anemic persons were higher than those of normal subjects and did not show any significant difference by the sex and age groups except in 6-14 years male groups. The test specificity(positivity) analyzed in the anemic persons by the cut-off values calculated from the normal data were 50.6% for ZPP and 73.0% for ZPP/Heme ratio. The correlation analysis between blood hemoglobin and erythrocyte ZPP or ZPP/Heme ratio in the total 801 normal and anemic subjects showed that there are very high logarithmic correlation between the hemoglobin levels and ZPP/Heme ratio (r=-0.8339) and high correla-tion between the hemoglobin levels and ZPP concentrations(r=-0.6372) These results suggested that the measurement of the erythrocyte ZPP and ZPP/Heme ratio with the hematofluorometer can be a usuful screening method for iron deficiency anermin because they provide a reliable immediate results with a small amount of sample and are relatively simple and inexpensive.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.175-186
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the body weight control, attitudes, lifestyles and dietary habits according to the obesity index of elementary school students. This study utilized questionnaires and body composition measurements collected with a bio- electrical impedance analyzer(Inbody 4.0). Specifically, differences between the underweight group, normal group, and overweight group were tested by a $x^2$-test or ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The subjects consisted of 571 elementary school students residing in Chonbuk Province. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the male subjects was 11.5 years, 150.0 cm, 45.2 kg and $20.0\;kg/m^2$, respectively. The average age, height, weight, and BMI of the female subjects was 11.5 years, 152.2 cm, 46.1 kg and $19.8\;kg/m^2$, respectively. Twenty percent of the subjects were in the underweight group, 52.2% were in the normal weight group, and 27.8% were in the overweight group according to the Korean Pediatrics Society standards. A total of 50.2% of the subjects were dissatisfied with their body weight, while 36.8% of underweight, 42.3% of normal weight, and 81.1% of overweight subjects were dissatisfied with their weight. Fifty two percent of the subjects had attempted to reduce their body weight, including 50% of the normal weight group. The main reason for wanting to reduce body weight was to maintain health. The percentage of subjects who had received body weight control education was 41.3%, but 77.6% of the subjects thought it was necessary. Poor time management, lack of physical activity, portion size of meals, unbalanced diet, frequent consumption of convenience foods, and frequent snacking all affected the obesity index. Overall, the results of this study indicate that it is necessary to develop weight control programs for all elementary school students who are underweight, normal weight, and overweight.

• 대한물리의학회지
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2015

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilationin subjects with forward head posture (FHP). METHODS: Twenty-eight subjects participated in this study (normal 14, FHP 14) and were resident in B city. The mean age, height and weight of subjects was 22.80yrs, 169.36cm and 62.79kg. Subjects were asked to breath maximally for FVC and repeatedly for MVV during 12 seconds. The variables of data were collected as follows: Forced Vital Capacity(FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second($FEV_1$), $FEV_1$/FVC, Maximal Voluntary Ventilation(MVV). Each trial was performed by 3 times and we used the means to analyze the data. The mann-whitney U test and independent t-test were used to compare the vital capacity between normal and FHP subjects. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0 for window versionand p-values less than 0.05 were used to identify significant differences. RESULTS: The FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1$/FVC and MVV of FHP subjects were decreased more than that of normal subjects and the difference was statistically significant between two groups. CONCLUSION: The vital capacity of subjects with FHP was generally lower than normal subjects. This study shows that the vital capacityof subjectswith FHP could be decreased due to the bad neck posture that weakens the respiratory accessory muscles of neck.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 1998

Background and Purpose : Cerebrovascular reactivity(CVR) can be estimated by measuring the change of cerebral blood flow that occurs during vasostimulation. To estimate the cerebrovascular reactivity, we investigated the change of flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery(MCA) during hyperventilation and hypoventilation with the transcranial doppler. So we studied whether the CVR measured by this method could show a significant difference between the normal and the cerebral infarction subjects and whether the CVR may decrease with age in normal subjects. Methods : Using transcranial doppler, we measured the mean velocity(Vm), the pulsatility index(P.I.) at the resting state, the end of breath-holding and the end of hyperventilation in 36 normal and 10 cerebral infarction subjects, so we calculated the percentile change of mean velocity(%${\Delta}$Vm) and P.I.(%${\Delta}$P.I.) after the vasostimulation. We estimated the change of Vm, P.I., %${\Delta}$Vm and %${\Delta}$P.I. by the age group and compared those parameters between the age-matched normal control and cerebral infarction subjects. Results : The Vm in MCA significantly decreased with age(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Vm and P.I. between normal and cerebral infarction subjects. The %${\Delta}$Vm and %${\Delta}$P.I. in response to hyperventilation significantly decreased with age in MCA and there was significant difference in $%{\Delta}Vm$ of MCA after breath-holding between the normal and cerebral infarction subjects. Conclusion : The breath-holding and hyperventilation tests could be non-invasive and useful methods in estimation of the cerebrovascular reactivity and could be applied in the basal and follow-up evaluation of the cerebrovascular reserve of the ischemic stroke patients.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.47-54
• /
• 1987

In order to evaluate the clinical significances of the serum vitamin $B_{12}$, folate and ferritin levels in patients with malignant tumors, the levels were measured in 10 normal contol subjects, 70 patients with malignant tumors, 7 patients with liver cirrhosis and 25 patients with other benign diseases. The results are as follows: 1) In normal control subjects, mean serum values for vitamin $B_{12}$, folate and ferritin level were $588.80{\pm}131.58pg/ml,\;5.59{\pm}1.52ng/ml\;and\;89.22{\pm}42.78ng/ml$ retrospectively 2) There was no significant difference in serum levels between patients with benign diseases and normal control subjects. 3) The serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis were significantly higher than in normal control, and the serum folate levels in these patients were lower than in normal control subjects. 4) The serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin levels in patients with malignant tumors were significantly higher than in normal control subjects, and the serum folate levels in these patients were significantly lower than in normal control subjects. The above results suggest that the serum vitamin $B_{12}$ and ferritin may be useful as tumor markers in patients with malignant tumors.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제20권3호
• /
• pp.111-116
• /
• 2014

Human neutrophils play an essential role in the innate immune response and are involved in the pathogenesis of the severe and corticosteroid-resistant asthma. Asthma is characterized by an infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung and by a cytokine release. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the chemotaxis and apoptosis of neutrophils which were isolated from healthy subjects. The BALF of subjects with asthma induces the blood neutrophil chemotaxis in the opposite of that in normal subjects. The IL-8, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels in BALF were higher in subjects with asthma than in normal subjects. The BALF of normal and asthmatic subjects has no effect on neutrophil apoptosis of BALF. MCP-1 delays the constitutive apoptosis of normal blood neutrophils, but has no effect in normal BALF neutrophils. These results may indicate that inflammatory factors secreted by the lung tissue of patients with asthma trigger the neutrophil chemotaxis and also induce the neutrophil dysregulation.