• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.351-356
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• 1988

To evaluate the possible functional role of serum nickel during the process of parturition, 15 serum samples were collected and analysed for the nickel concentrations in each 3 groups(Group 1 for the period during parturition, Group 2 for the period from delivery of fetus to delivery of placenta, and Group 3 for the period after delivery of placenta) of normal, uncomplicated full term vaginal delivery and one control group composed of healthy unmarried women in 3rd decades of age. Data revealed that average serum nickel concentration of Group 2($26.6{\mu}g/l$) and Group 1($22.2{\mu}g/l$) were significantly higher than that of Control group($13.7{\mu}g/l$), but Group 3's($13.8{\mu}g/l$) was almost same as Control group's. There were significant negative correlation between age and serum nickel concentration in group 2, and a tendency of higher nickel concentration in women who have no previous experiences of pregnancy than who have previous experiences of pregnancy, although it was not significant. These result could be indicative of close causal relationship between serum nickel concentration and the entire process of parturition.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.78-82
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• 1984

This study was undertaken to investigate congenital microphthalmia occurred at a pig farm in Gyeongbug province. These microphthalmic piglets composed of 20 piglets farrowed by three different sows(1, 11 and 8 piglets by No.1, 2 and 3 sow, respectively) that were apparently normal during pregnancy and after parturition. Attempts were made to know epidemiological findings and histopathological changes of these piglets and the results were summarized as follows; 1. One piglet from No. 1 sow exhibited staggering and incoordination and remained alive, but 19 piglets from No. 2 and 3 sow died between 3 and 20 minutes after birth. 2. In histopathological finding, hypoplasia and edema of all organs were observed in all piglets, and significant of lesions related to infection of microrganisms were not observed. 3. The cause of microphthalmia was considered as hypovitaminosis A in the sown intaked only barley barn before and during early pregnancy.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.467-474
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• 2019

Exposure to lead during pregnancy is a risk factor for the development of psychiatric disorders in the offspring. In this study, we investigated whether exposure to low levels of lead acetate (0.2%) in drinking water during pregnancy and lactation causes behavioral impairment and affects the expression of proteins associated with neurodevelopment. Lead exposure altered several parameters in rat offspring compared with those unexposed in open-field, social interaction, and pre-pulse inhibition tests. These parameters were restored to normal levels after clozapine treatment. Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of the hippocampus revealed that several neurodevelopmental proteins were downregulated in lead-exposed rats. The expression was normalized after clozapine treatment (5 mg/kg/day, postnatal day 35-56). These findings demonstrate that downregulation of several proteins in lead-exposed rats affected subsequent behavioral changes. Our results suggest that lead exposure in early life may induce psychiatric disorders and treatment with antipsychotics such as clozapine may reduce their incidence.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.25-31
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• 1988

Studies on the clinical significance with Amerlex $FT_{4}$ RIA kit observing the determination of $FT_{4}$ were investigated using a tracer as $^{125}I-T_{4}$ derivative which is not almostly bound to thyroxine binding globulin, etc. The results are followed; 1. $FT_{4}$ value($1,55{\pm}0.38ng/100ml$) of normal group was not accorded that of hyperthyroidism with Amerlex $FT_{4}$ RIA kit, and was higher than that of hypothyroidism. 2. $FT_{4}$ value was lower level in chronic-kidney disfunction syndrome whereas, it was normal in a cancer patient, a woman in pregnancy and a patient in TBG disfunction. 3. The value of this method is a good corelationship at that of equilibrium dialysis method. (r=0.931) 4. $FT_{4}$ value by this kit was linear relationship to those of the other kit (Gamma Coat and Liquisol), and the normal value of each methods was also similar. As mentioned above, this method is more simple and rapid, compared to the other method. Therefore, it was thought that this method is a very useful clinically.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 1994

To verify in vivo viability of IVF-derived bovine embryos, morula and blastocysts that developed from in vitro matured and fertilized ova were transferred to the uteri of recipient cows and normal calves were produced. To produce IVF-derived bovine morula or blastocysts, ova matured and fertilized in vitro were cultured in culture medium for 7~8 days at 39$^{\circ}C$ under the humicified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Two different culture systems, a co-culture system with TCM-199 and bovine epithelial cells (BOEC) and CR1aa without somatic cell support, were compared. Cleavage rates to 2~8 cell stage and developmental rates of IVF-derived bovine embryos to blastocyst stage were not different between co-culture system (51.3 and 14.0%) and CR1aa medium (60.4 and 22.1%), respectively. Embryos were classified into three grades by embryo quality and then one or two embryos in higher quality(A and B grades) were transferred to the uterus of recipients. In this study Korean Native calf was first born after transfer of IVF-derived embryos. Total four live calves were normally developed to term from IVF-derived bovine blastocysts and one female fetus was still-born approximatedly 8 months of gestation, but there was no pregnancy after transfer of morula. Therefore, normal calves could be produced after transfer of IVF-derived bovine embryos cultured in CR1aa medium without somatic cell support. In addition, our results suggest that in transfer of IVF-derived bovine embryos blastocyst stage is better than morula.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

Serum level of ${\beta}$ subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (${\beta}-hCG$) was studied to evaluate its predictability of pregnancy outcome in 98 in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF-ET) patients using gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) agonist. Serial serum ${\beta}-hCG$ levels were established for 42 singleton pregnancies, 20 normal multiple pregnancies, 18 preclinical abortions, 14 clinical abortions and 4 ectopic pregnancies. In comparison to normal singleton pregnancies, multiple pregnancies showed significantly higher ${\beta}-hCG$ levels on the post-ET day 10 to 13 and day 24 to 25. Clinical abortions did not show significantly lower ${\beta}-hCG$ levels in early pregnancy except the post-ET day 16-17, but showed significantly lower ${\beta}-hCG$ levels from the post-ET day 22, compared with singleton pregnancies. Preclinical abortions showed significantly lower ${\beta}-hCG$ levels than those of singleton pregnancies. Ectopic pregnancies showed lower ${\beta}-hCG$ levels than those of singleton pregnancies without statistical significance. In conclusion, determination of serum ${\beta}-hCG$ level in early pregnancy is a useful tool for the prediction of preclinical abortions and multiple pregnancies and serial measurement of serum ${\beta}-hCG$ levels will be helpful in predicting clinical abortion.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.887-896
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• 1999

The purpose of this research is to assess hematological and biochemical status and the prevalence of iron deficiency of pregnant women by gestational age to provide the primary data about iron nutritional status of pregnant women. Pregnant women visiting public health centers in Ulsan participated in study and were divided into 3 trimester by last menstrual period(LMP). Hemoglobin (Hgb), hematocrit(Hct)and mean corpuscular volume(MCV) among iron status indices were not statistically different from normal distribution, however total iron binding capacity(TIBC) and serum ferritin were skewed to left and serum iron and transferrin saturation(TS) were skewed to right. Hgb was positively correlated with Hct(r=0.93, p<0.001) but TIBC was negatively correlated with all indices. Serum ferritin was also correlated with all indices, especially in 3rd trimester but not reached to 1st trimester level. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin(MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration(MCHC), Red cell distribution width(RDW), serum iron and TS were not significantly different by trimester, however when serum serum iron was adjusted with hematocrit to correct the hemodilution, it significantly decreased in 2nd trimester. MCV increased in 2nd trimester and was maintained until late pregnancy, TIBC continued to increase throughout the trimester. The prevalence of anemic by CDC(Centers for Disease Control) Hgb criteria(Hgb <11.0g/dl in 1st and 3nd trimester, Hgb<10.5g/dl in 2nd trimester) was 2.8% in 1st trimester, 22.5% in 2nd trimester, 27.1% in 3rd trimester and was similar with prevalence by CDC Hct criteria(Hct < 33% in 1st and 3rd, Hct < 32% in 2nd). The prevalence of anemic of total subjects was 32.7% by WHO criteria(Hgb < 11.0g/dl). Although almost iron status indices increased in 3rd trimester, the prevalence of anemia by different criteria of all indices increased throughout the trimester, so iron nutritional status was considered as serious during late pregnancy. However, since factors other than iron deficiency, such as infection, infection, inflammation, other nutrient deficiency may also play a significant role, to differentiate the anemia due to mainly iron deficiency from the anemia due to other factors, serum ferritin is among the more useful indices in distinguishing the two conditions because it is depressed only in iron deficiency. Hgb<11.0g/dl and serum ferritin<12.0ug/L as the criteria of iron deficiency was suggested by CDC. 17.8% of all subjects were classified as iron deficient anemia, 14.9% as anemic from other reasons, 21.2% as iron deficiency any only 46.2% were in normal iron status.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 2005

본 연구는 정상 및 저수태 한우에 rbST를 투여하였을 때 수태 및 분만율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 시험축은 성빈 한우 383두와 임상적으로는 정상이나 3회 이상 수정시켜도 수태가 되지 않는 저수태 한우 79두, 총 462두를 시험에 공시하였다. 실험을 수행하기 위한 시험구 배치는 5개의 처리구, 즉 T1(무처리, 2ml의 생리 식염수), T2(rbST 250mg 수정시 1회 미근부에 투여), T3(rbST 250mg: 수정시 및 수정후 $10\~14$일째 2회 투여), T4(rbST 500 mg: 수정시 1회 투여) 및 T5(rbST 500mg: 수정시 및 수정후 $10\~14$일째 2회 투여)로 나누어 시험을 실시하였다. 그리고 호르몬과 병행 처리구는 Day 0일에 GnRH 100 ug/cow를 견갑부에 피하주사하고 Day 7일째 $PGF_2{\alpha}\;25mg/cow$를 주사하여 황체를 퇴행시키고, Day 9일째 GnRH 100ug/cow를 주사하여 배란 동기화를 유도하여 시험에 공시하였다. 1. 정상 한우에 인공수정시 rbST를 T1, T2, T3, T4 및 T5로 처리하였을 때, 1회 수정 수태율은 대조구$(52.4\pm9.72\%)$에 비하여 $T2(67.5\pm18.48\%)$에서 높은 것으로 나타났고, 저수태우에서는 대조구$(39.3\pm12.89\%)$보다 $T4(63.3\pm5.77\%)$에서 유의적으로 높은 수태율을 나타냈다.(p<0.05). 또한, 정상 한우의 분만율에 있어서는 처리구간 유의적인 차이가 인정되지 않았지만, 저수태우에서는 $T4(46.7\pm11.55\%)$에서 유의적으로 높은 성적을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 2. Ovsynch 방법으로 발정을 유기하여 인공수정시 rbST를 T1, T2, T3, T4 및 T5로 처리하였을 때, 1회 수정 수태율은 대조구에 비하여 T2에서 $12.5\%$가 높은 것으로 나타났고, 저수태우에서는 $T4(80.0\%)$에서 유의적으로 높은 수태 율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 3. 정상 한우에 인공수정시 rbST를 T1, T2, T3, T4 및 T5로 각기 처리하였을 때, 임신 기간은 평균 $282.7\~284.8$일이었고, 또한 생시체중의 비교는 평균 $25.1\~25.9kg$으로서 처리 구간 유사한 결과를 보였다. 그러나, 송아지의 암수 성비는 T4 처리구(18두 vs. 9두)를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 유사한 경향을 보였다. 그리고, 저수태 한우의 평균 임신 기간은 $280.4\~289.3$일로서 정상우와 비교했을 때 비슷한 결과를 보였고, 또한 생시 체중의 조사 결과에서도 평균 체중이 $23.0\~26.6kg$으로서 각 처리구간에도 유의성은 없었다. 송아지의 암$\cdot$수의 성비는 T4 처리구(2두 vs. 8두)를 제외한 모든 처리구에서 유사하게 나타났다. 결론적으로, 본 연구에서는 정상 및 저수태 성빈 한우에 rbST를 투여한 후 수태율과 분만율을 조사한 결과 인공수정시 정상우에서는 rbST를 250mg 1회 투여, 그리고 저수태 한우에 있어서는 rbST를 500mg을 인공수정시 1회 투여하였을 때가 다른 처리구에서 보다 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 인공수정시 일정량의 rbST투여는 한우의 수태 및 분만율을 향상시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.5-15
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• 2011

본 연구는 임신기 동안 어미쥐의 철 섭취 수준이 모체의 철 대사지표와 산화적 스트레스 및 임신의 결과에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위해 비임신쥐를 대조군으로 하여 수행하였다. 10주령 200 g 이상 된 암컷과 수컷 흰쥐를 1 : 1로 교배시켜 임신을 확인한 후, 비임신쥐 (대조군)와 임신쥐 (실험군)에게 식이 중 철 수준이 정상수준 (AIN-93G diet 수준, 35 mg Fe/kg diet), 고수준 (정상의 10배, 350 mg Fe/kg diet) 및 과잉수준 (정상의 30배, 1,050 mg Fe/kg diet)의 3가지 실험식이를 급여하였다. 임신 19일째 되는 날, 비임신쥐와 임신 쥐를 희생시켜 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 체중의 증가나 식이섭취량은 철 섭취 수준의 영향을 받지 않았고, 임신의 결과로서 태아의 수, 태아체중 및 태반무게도 철 섭취 수준의 영향은 받지 않았다. 헤모글로빈, 헤마토크릿, 혈청 철 농도 등의 혈액지표들은 철 섭취 수준의 영향은 받지 않았으나 임신에 의한 감소 경향을 보였다. 임신쥐의 철 섭취 수준의 증가에 따라 간과 지라 조직의 철 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. 또한 임신쥐의 간에서 페리틴 단백질 수준이 철 섭취의 증가에 따라 현저히 증가하였다. 산화적 손상지표인 지질과산화물 (MDA)은 철 섭취수준의 영향을 받지 않았고, 단백질 산화물 (protein carbonyls)은 비임신쥐와 임신쥐에서 모두 철 과잉 섭취군의 경우 유의적으로 증가하였다. 항산화효소 중에서는 철 과잉섭취군에서 간의 GPx 활성이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 임신기 동안 어미쥐의 철 섭취수준의 증가는 어미쥐의 혈액지표와 임신의 결과에는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 간 조직 내 철 함량과 페리틴 단백질 수준을 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, 간 조직에서 단백질 산화물인 protein carbonyl 농도를 증가시키고, 항산화효소 중 특히 GPx의 활성 감소를 초래하였다. 또한 간 조직에서 세포사멸을 억제하는 중요한 인자인 Bcl-2 단백질 수준이 임신쥐에서 철 섭취의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 영향이 철을 정상 수준의 10배 섭취한 군에서는 약하게 나타났으나, 30배 과잉으로 철을 섭취한 군에서는 유의적으로 차이를 보였다. 이 결과는 임신시 철 과잉 섭취의 해로운 영향이 지금까지 철 대사의 측정도구로 삼아왔던 혈액지표의 변화 보다는 체내에서 일어나는 조직의 산화적 스트레스의 증가나 조직 내 철의 축적 등에 보다 더 민감하게 반영됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서, 철 과잉 섭취가 모체 뿐만 아니라 태생 조직의 산화적 스트레스에도 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2014

Cows may suffer impaired ovarian function, often accompanied by reduced conception rates and increased embryonic loss. Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological findings in dairy cattle. It causes temporary infertility and is likely to affect reproduction as well as production parameters in cattle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the expression patterns of apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax), implantation (E-cadherin) and immune related proteins (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10) in uterine endometrium of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) with ovarian cyst and normal ovarian follicles. In the Western blot analysis, the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in endometrium with normal ovarian follicles, whereas expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein was significantly lower. Also, the expressions of E-cadherin and TNF-${\alpha}$ proteins were significantly higher in uterine endometrium with normal ovarian follicles. On the other hand, the expression of IL-10 protein was significantly lower in uterine endometrium with normal ovarian follicles. Taken together, our results provided that the expressions of apoptosis, adhesion and immune related proteins in uterine endometrium with ovarian cyst were showed the aberrant patterns, and we suggest that different expression changes of these proteins may be affect to pregnancy ability of cattle.