• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2014

The volume perception of water according to cup shape was examined in female college students divided into a normal weight group (<23 body mass index, n=51) and an overweight group (${\geq}$23 body mass index, n=48). The perceived water volume was recorded by participants after they observed the water volume in cups with different shape (highball and tumbler) and with different base height (high base and low base), which contained the same amount of water (150 ml). The normal weight group perceived a water volume of 238.5 ml (highball) and 201.6 ml (tumbler) for the high base cups. The overweight group perceived a volume of 245.6 ml (highball) and 188.8 ml (tumbler). For the low base cups, the normal weight group perceived a water volume of 207.8 ml (highball) and 104.1 ml (tumbler). The overweight group perceived a volume of 202.2 ml (highball) and 100.4 ml (tumbler). Both the normal weight and overweight groups perceived significantly more liquid in the highball cups compared to the tumbler cups. In addition, both groups perceived significantly more liquid in the high base cups compared to the low base cups. However, there were no significant differences in the estimated variance of perceived volume between the normal weight and overweight groups according to the cup shape and cup base height. In conclusion, cup shape and base height potentially affects volume perception. Therefore, modifying cup shape may be used in a weight control program to help control caloric beverage consumption.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to prove the correlations among various factors what determined to formation of front elevation proportion system through making an actual survey and investigating. According to the analysis of them, we make conclusions as follows; 1, On the assumption that average distance of 1Kan(間) is 1, the height of foundation is 0.21, the height of floor from foundation is 0.24, the height of normal column from floor is 0.85, the height of eaves from foundation is 1.10. 2. Southeast faced buildings are wider than southwest faced buildings in the distance of 1Kan (間) in the range of $110{sim}220mm$. The height of foundation and floor in the southeast faced buildings are higher than those in southwest faced buildings beside the height of normal column, eaves, high column in the southwest faced buildings are higher than those in southeast faced buildings. 3. As number of front Kan(間) increases, the distance of 1Kan(間) decrease and the height of eaves and high column(高柱) increases. This is cause of making a maximum needed inner space by increasing the distance of 1Kan(間). This is an wisdom for living from ancestors. 4. As number of Dori(道里) increases, the distances of 1Kan are nearly same but the height of eaves and high column(高柱) increases about 300mm, This is a natural result from an increasing of building scale. 5. The distance of 1Kan(間) in later 19C building is most wide but, the unit heights are minimal average values at year 1900 as a reference mark. After this, the height of normal column, eaves, high column are higher about $170{sim}330mm$. 6. The number of Kan in front elevation, Dori(道里), and direction of building have correlations each other in proportion system of traditional housing An-Chae with significant level, p<0.05.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2012

Laminar lifted propane coflow-jet flames diluted with nitrogen were experimentally investigated to determine heat-loss-related self-excitation regimes in the flame stability map and elucidate the individual flame characteristics. There exists a critical lift-off height over which flame-stabilizing effect becomes minor, thereby causing a normal heat-loss-induced self-excitation with O(0.01 Hz). Air-coflowing can suppress the normal heat-loss-induced self-excitation through increase of a Peclet number; meanwhile it can enhance the normal heat-lossinduced self-excitation through reducing fuel concentration gradient and thereby decreasing the reaction rate of trailing diffusion flame. Below the critical lift-off height. the effect of flame stabilization is superior, leading to a coflow-modulated heat-loss-induced self-excitation with O(0.001 Hz). Over the critical lift-off height, the effect of reducing fuel concentration gradient is pronounced, so that the normal heat-loss-induced self-excitation is restored. A newly found prompt self-excitation, observed prior to a heat-loss-induced flame blowout, is discussed. Heat-loss-related self-excitations, obtained laminar lifted propane coflow-jet flames diluted with nitrogen, were characterized by the functional dependency of Strouhal number on related parameters. The critical lift-off height was also reasonably characterized by Peclet number and fuel mole fraction.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2014

Recombinant growth hormone (GH) is an effective treatment for short children who are born small for gestational age (SGA). Short children born SGA who fail to demonstrate catch-up growth by 2-4 years of age are candidates for GH treatment initiated to achieve catch-up growth to a normal height in early childhood, maintain a normal height gain throughout childhood, and achieve an adult height within the normal target range. GH treatment at a dose of $35-70{\mu}g/kg/day$ should be considered for those with very marked growth retardation, as these patients require rapid catch-up growth. Factors associated with response to GH treatment during the initial 2-3 years of therapy include age and height standard deviation scores at the start of therapy, midparental height, and GH dose. Adverse events due to GH treatment are no more common in the SGA population than in other conditions treated with GH. Early surveillance in growth clinics is strongly recommended for children born SGA who have not caught up. Although high dose of up to 0.067 mg/kg/day are relatively safe for short children with growth failure, clinicians need to remain aware of long-term mortality and morbidity after GH treatment.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.88-102
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• 1992

The exact estimation of physical growth by Obesity level has important meaning to the health care and evaluation on adolescent girls. So this study tried to clear the relationship between weight and body fat by using data for the height, weight of 124 elementary school children and high school student in Seoul. Then this study tried to show the physical growth pattern and various characteristics by Obesity level by using longitudinal for the height, weight of 1113 high school students in Seoul, and it also tried to show what influencing factors on the physical growth of this aged population. The result could be summarized as follows. 1. The relationship between weight and body fat(%) has 0.81475(r) at age 9 and 0.69361(r) at age 18. Also the relationship between weight and lean body muscle(LBM %) has -0.81470(r) at age 9 and -0.64729(r) at age 18. 2. The weakness, normal and obesity groups were classified by Obesity level. In case of weakness group showed the very low Obesity level at age 8 to 11, in case of obesity group showed the high Obesity level at age 15 to 18. Also Rohrer index was decreasing tendency up to age 12 in weakness group and increasing tendency over age 14 in obesity group. 3. When the height and weight growth pattern was compared, height growth was superior to weight growth at age 9 to 14.5 in normal group. But weight growth was inferior to height growth at age 9 to 14.5 in normal group. In obesity group, weight growth was superior to height growth at age 7 to 18. On the other hand the height growth of weakness group was superior to the normal group and the obesity group except age 11 to 12. 4. On height velocity curve by PHV age obesity group showed the most growth amount per year(9.00Cm/yr), and the next is normal group(8.77Cm/yr), weakness group(8.70Cm/yr). Then the difference between PHV age and PWV age was within 1 year in these three groups. 5. In these three groups, height velocity curve by menarcheal age showed the PHV before 2~3 years of menarcheal age. And weight velocity curve by menarcheal age showed the remarkable PWV before 1 year of menarcheal age.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.146-155
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• 2011

Objectives: Since early developed measurement of Postpartum depression(PPD) doesn't reflect physical symptoms, we need to find out how PPD and related physical disorders are expressed in functional medical methods. The study was conducted to find out characteristics of 7 Zone diagnosis and postpartum physical symptoms on PPD. Methods: To 216 postpartum women who did normal delivery, we measured 7-zone-diagnosis Factor AA's height on 5th day and 15th day postpartum. And we surveyed EPDS and postpartum physical symptoms question on 15th day postpartum. Subjects were divided into normal and depression group by EPDS score. And we compared Factor AA's height between two groups and Factor AA's height change in each group. Results: In depression group, Factor AA's height was higher than normal group on 5th day and 15th day postpartum. In both groups Factor AA's height was decreased on 15th day compared to 5th day postpartum. In normal group 2, 6, 7 zone were significantly decreased and in depression group only 6 zone was significantly decreased. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that postpartum depression group has low recuperative power. And these can be judged by Factor AA's height change.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.425-427
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• 2006

It is quite difficult to transfer the National Height System 1985 to the island in China. In the study, one feasible and alternative way, which measures synchronally the tide variation at the island and the coast , is firstly introduced. Then, a new method is proposed. This new method combines GPS technique and Quasi-Geoid Determination technique (GQGD). It needs gravity data, GPS data, leveling data and DEM data, together with complex calculation method and the Earth gravity model. After describing the mathematical model and presenting the calculational steps, one experiment has been shown that this method is valid and can achieve accuracy up to 5 cm for the normal height, compared with the results both from the tidal observation and height approximation. Some suggestion is also given in the end.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.109-123
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• 1981

The author studied and analyzed statistically 112 adults female ranging in age from 18 to 20 years with normal occlusion, 56 adults female ranging in age from 18 to 24 years with deep overbite and 53 adults female ranging in age from 18 to 28 years with open bite by vertical cephalometric analysis. The results were as follows; 1. In comparing normal occlusion with deep overbite and open bite, skeletal linear measurements were more significant than dentoalveolar linear measurements. SN-MP angle, SN-OP angle, PP-OP angle and Xi angle (ANS-Xi-Pog) were significant in anglular measurements. 2. Upper posterior facial height (SE-PNS), upper anterior alveolar height, lower posterior alveolar height, lower posterior alveolar height/lower anterior alveolar height and SN-PP angle were non significant between deep overbite and open bite. 3 The most significant items between deep overbite and open bite were lower anterior facial height (ANS-ME) and SN-MP angle. 4. Correlation coefficients of angular measurements were higher in deep overbite, while that of linear measurement total anterior facial height (N-ME) was higher in open bite. 5. In the multiple regression equation, significant variables were total anterior facial height (N-ME), lower anterior alveolar height, upper anterior alveolar height, upper posterior alveolar height, Xi angle (ANS-Xi-Pog) and ramus height (AR-Go) in deep overbite, and total anterior facial height (N-Me), lower anterior alveolar height, ramus height (AR-Go), lower posterior alveolar height, PP-MP angle and upper posterior facial height (SE-PNS) in open bite.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.24-33
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of short stature through a clinical review of factors related to childhood height growth. So we can find the way to meet the needs of the heightism which is widely spread among modern people. Methods: Among 160 patients who came to Andong B oriental clinic for the purpose of growth therapy, 112 children whose height was smaller than other normal children were analyzed. When the children first came to the clinic, we checked their height and weight. The parents' height was recorded through a questionnaire. The relationship between obesity index and height growth was examined through growth plate test and Inbody test. We want to identify the genetic factors related to parental factors based on the data of the parent height. Results: For short stature children, weight was often normal or low. When we examined the relationship between parental genetic factors and child growth, we found that they were more influenced by father's height rather than mother's. We investigated the correlation between skeletal maturity and the five viscera. There was no apparent correlation between skeletal maturity and the five viscera but we found that there was some degree of relevance. Conclusions: For short stature children, the weight was often normal or low and parental genetic factors were more influenced by father than by mother. In the case of bone maturity it did not show a direct correlation between the five viscera.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.77-91
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study were to examine the growth pattern of weak children by measurement according to the five weak symptoms (respiratory, digestive, psycho-neurological, neuromotor, urogenital symptom). Five weak symptoms are common etiology of short stature in childhood and oriental medicine therapy is used as a treatment in short stature but the effects on height are not conclusive. Methods: This clinical study had been carried out with the 166 case (male 74, female 92) of the children aged 3 to 18 years old who visited in growth clinic of Pediatrics, Dongguk university Bundang Oriental Hospital. They were divided into 3 groups by age (3-10, 11-14, 15-18 years group) Five weak symptoms were studied to determine the association with growth stature among children by comparison with the growth stature of weak children group and normal group Results: The distribution of age showed the highest in 11-14 years(58.4%), followed by I 3-10 years (26.5%), over 15years(15%) in order. In case of male, the distribution of five weak symptoms showed the highest respiratory weak symptom(68.9%), followed by digestive(52.7%), psycho-neurological(43.2%), neuromotor(24.3%), urogenital weak symptom (143.5%) and digestive weak children's Height SDS were lower than normal children in all age groups and respiratory weak children's Height SDS were lower than normal children in age group of 3-10. In case of female, the distribution of five weak symptoms showed the highest digestive weak symptom(59.8%), followed by respiratory(52.5%), psycho-neurological(51.5%), neuromotor (35.9%), urogenital weak symptom (25%) and digestive weak children's Height SDS were lower than normal children in age group of 3-14. Other weak children Height SDS were no significant difference from normal group. Conclusions: From the above result, it was suggested that weak symptoms is cause in short stature. These data indicate that the height was correlated with respiratory, digestive weak symptom and a way to improve the weakness increased significantly height in children growth stature. Growth stature should be investigated as a new field of oriental medical treatment and more controlled, long term studies are required to classify benefits of Oriental medicine therapy in short stature.