• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2019

Lots of neuroimaging and animal studies have revealed that tinnitus and hyperacusis share the same patterns in the bottom up central auditory process. The aim was to identify the abnormal central patterns commonly observed in both tinnitus and hyperacusis in humans. We investigated two cases of normal hearing: a tinnitus patient and a hyperacusis patient. We compared the differences between the severe temporal hyper-activated state (STHS), with spikes, fast beta and gamma frequencies after noise exposure, and the mild temporal hyperactivated state (MTHS), in no sound exposed condition. The power of the gamma band in the two cases was increased in both auditory cortices compared to the other brain regions. Our results of human with normal hearing were the first to identify how tinnitus and hyperacusis caused by sound are abnormally active and how they maintain constant pathological states.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.160-166
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• 2019

Lots of neuroimaging and animal studies have revealed that tinnitus and hyperacusis share the same patterns in the bottom up central auditory process. The aim was to identify the abnormal central patterns commonly observed in both tinnitus and hyperacusis in humans. We investigated two cases of normal hearing: a tinnitus patient and a hyperacusis patient. We compared the differences between the severe temporal hyper-activated state (STHS), with spikes, fast beta and gamma frequencies after noise exposure, and the mild temporal hyperactivated state (MTHS), in no sound exposed condition. The power of the gamma band in the two cases was increased in both auditory cortices compared to the other brain regions. Our results of human with normal hearing were the first to identify how tinnitus and hyperacusis caused by sound are abnormally active and how they maintain constant pathological states.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.607-610
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• 2009

The abnormal combustion in the running engine results to knocking which increases the pressure and temperature in the cylinder, thereby decreasing the generated power by reducing the thermal efficiency. When the temperature and pressure in the cylinder increased rapidly by knocking, abnormal combustion takes place and the engine power is decreased. To investigate the knocking phenomenon, accelerometers are installed in the cylinder head to monitor and diagnose the vibration signal. As method of signal analysis, the time-frequency analysis method was adapted for acquisition of vibration signal and analyzes engine combustion in the short time. In this experiment, after analyzing time data which is stored in the signal recorder in one unit work (4 strokes: 2 revolutions), the signal with frequency and Wavelet methods with extracted one engine combustion data was also analyzed. Then, normal condition with no knocking signal is analyzed at this time. Hereafter, the experiments made a standard for distinguishing normal and abnormal condition to be carried out in acquisition of vibration signal at all cylinders and extracting knocking signal. In addition, analyzing methods can be diverse with Symmetry Dot Patterns (SDP), Time Synchronous Average (TSA), Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD), Wigner-Ville Spectrum (WVS) and Mean Instantaneous Power (MIP) in the cold test [2]. With signal processing of vibration from engine knocking sensor, the authors adapted a part of engine /rotor vibration analysis and monitoring system for marine vessels to prevent several problems due to engine knocking

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.233-245
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary habits and nutrient intakes on skin condition of female university students. The subjects were 95 female university students in Daegu. This study examined anthropometric measurements, dietary intake, food intake habits and skin condition (moisture, elasticity, sebum (U-zone, T-zone), pores, evenness and melanin pigmentation. The subjects in this study had an average age of 21.4, an average height and weight of 161.2 cm and 52.9 kg, respectively, and the average body mass index (BMI) was 20.3 $kg/m^2$. The means of skin elasticity, pores, evenness, and melanin pigmentation were within the normal range of women in their 20s and the skin moisture state was slightly lower than the normal range, which showed a dry tendency. The sebum in the U-zone and the T-zone was lower than the standard values, which showed less secretion in both areas. The subjects with high nut intake showed a better skin pore state (p < 0.05). Those with a high intake of instant foods showed a sig-nificantly low skin moisture and a significantly higher sebum rate (p < 0.05). The group with high skin elasticity and the group with less melanin pigmentation showed a significantly low animal protein intake (p < 0.05). The group with high skin elasticity also showed a significantly higher vitamin A and niacin intakes as well (p < 0.05). The group with high skin evenness showed a significantly lower animal lipid intake and a significantly higher vitamin E intake (p < 0.05). In addition, those with high skin elasticity and evenness as well as low melanin pigmentation showed a tendency of high intake of antioxidant vitamins, such as vitamin A, carotene, vitamin C or vitamin E. In summary, a moderate intake of plant-based products and also the antioxidant vitamins within such products seems to have a beneficial effect on maintaining a healthy and good skin condition.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.158-166
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• 2004

Background & Object : The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of electrogastrography in the diagnosis field of traditional medicine through a study of the relationship between gastric motility and health condition based on oriental medicine diagnostic theory in functional dyspepsia. Method : 86 patients (male 27, female 59) with functional dyspepsia and 10 healthy control subjects (male 5, female 5) were involved in the investigation. The disease information of functional dyspepsia (based on Rome criteria II) was used for dyspeptic index and scores were obtained from the comprehensive diagnosis of Qui, Xue, Shui was applied as index for health condition, those were all investigated by questionnaire. Gastric motility were recorded and analyzed using electrogastrography in fasting and postprandial period. Results : The total score of comprehensive diagnosis of Qui Xue Shui was influenced by the number of functional dyspepsia symptoms (p=0.026). In terms of electrogastrographical parameters, both postpranial normal slow waves regularity(p=0.003) and power ratio (p=0.001) in the patients had the statistical significance and they showed an incremental inverse correlation with the number of symptoms. Dominant frequency and fasting normal slow waves regularity ratio had no statistical significance. Conclusion : Results suggest that electrogastrography is useful in evaluating the health condition of patient by comprehensive diagnosis of Qui Xue Sui.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.115-128
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to observe the change of circumference, volume and strength of normal and operated lower extremities on 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th days of postoperation following THRA compared with their condition on preoperation day. Subjects consisted of 13 male and 7 female Patients operated with THRA between the age of 20 and 69 years with a mean age of 38.55(SD=15.1). Circumference of upper and lower leg was measured by tape, leg volume was determined according to formula (Moor & Thornton, 1987) with measurement of 8 circumferences of leg. Leg strength was measured by pressing the center of digital health meter in supine position. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. Circumference of operated thigh decreased significantly at 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value, while that of normal thigh decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10 and 14 after THRA compared with preoperative value. 2. Circumference of midcalf in both operated and normal limb decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10 and 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value. 3. Leg volume of operated lower limb decreased significantly at 10, 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value, while that of normal limb decreased significantly at day 7 & 10 after THRA compared with preoperative value.4. Leg strength of operated limb decreased significantly at day 3, 7, 10, 14 following THRA compared with preoperative value. No significant difference of normal leg strength was shown following THRA. 5. Circumference of midcalf differed significantly at day 14 after THRA between normal and operated extremity. From these results, it can be suggested that a decreased activity after THRA caused muscle atrophies in normal and operated extremity.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.199-204
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• 2022

This paper presents a numerical investigation of the influence of water molecule thickness on frictional behavior at the nanoscale using molecular dynamics simulation. Three different models, comprising water thin films of various thicknesses, were built, and indentation and sliding simulations were performed using the models. Various normal loads were applied by indenting the Si tip on the water film for the sliding simulation to evaluate the interplay between the water thin film thickness and the normal load. The results of the simulations showed that the friction force generally increased with respect to the normal load and thickness of the water thin film. The friction coefficient varied with respect to the normal load and the water film thickness. The friction coefficient was the smallest under a moderate normal force and increased with decreasing or increasing normal loads. As the water film became thicker, the contact area between the tip and water film became larger. Under well-lubricated conditions, the friction force was proportional to the contact area regardless of the water film thickness. As the normal force increased above a critical condition, the water molecules beneath the Si tip spread out; thus, the film could not provide lubrication. Consequently, the substrate was permanently deformed by direct contact with the Si tip, while the friction force and friction coefficient significantly increased. The results suggest that a thin water film can effectively reduce friction under relatively low normal load and contact pressure conditions. In addition, the contact area between the contacting surfaces dominates the friction force.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.40-50
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of visual feedback on the postural control of stroke patients, by systematically varying conditions of visual feedback [eye-open condition (EO) vs. eye-closed condition (EC)], and base-support (both-side support, affected-side support, and unaffected-side support). In this study, we allocated 41 stroke patients with no damage in the cerebellum and visual cortex who can walk at least 10 meters independently, and 35 normal adults who have no experience of stroke to the control group. Both groups were asked to perform a "sit-to-stand" task three to five times, and their postural control ability was measured and compared in terms of asymmetric dependence (AD) instead of the traditional symmetric index (SI) in the literature. The results showed that although both subject groups maintained better postural control in the EO condition than in the EC condition, the patient group appeared to be more stable in EC than in EO when they were required to perform the task of the support condition given on the affected side. These results implied that visual feedback can impair stroke patients' postural control when it is combined with a specific support condition.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.57 no.2
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• pp.202-208
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• 2008

Condition monitoring technologies allow achieving this goal by minimizing downtime through the integrated planning and scheduling of repairs indicated by condition monitoring techniques. Thermal runaways induced by conduction problems deteriorate insulating material and cause disruptive dielectric discharges resulting in arcing faults. Therefore, having the ability to directly measure the temperature of the contacts while in service will provide more information to determine the true condition of the equipment. It allows connective measures to be taken to prevent upcoming failure. Continuous temperature monitoring and event recording provides information on the energized equipment's response to normal and emergency conditions. On-line temperature monitoring helps to coordinate equipment specifications and ratings, determine the real limits of the monitored equipment and optimize facility operations. Using wireless technique eliminates any need for special cables and wires with lower installation costs if compared to other types of online condition monitoring equipment. In addition, wireless temperature monitoring works well under difficult conditions in strategically important locations. Wireless technology for on -line condition monitoring of energized equipment is applicable both as stand alone system and with an interface for power quality monitoring system. The paper presents the results of wireless temperature monitoring: of electrical equipment at a power plant.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1973

In order to find out effects of the generative power of silk worm moth which have been brought up in the high temperature accommodation at their pupa stage. For this specific study, 9 different kinds of male silk worms have been selected as specimen. All those specimen were brought up in the normal temperature at their larvae stage and after the pupation period they have been accommodated in the condition of high temperature for a certain length in accordance with the study programme. Afterwards, those mlae specimen were copulated with Suwon jam 103${\times}$104 which were all brought up in normal conditions. This study was carried out to find the copulation function as well as the ratio of unfertilized eggs(male sterility test). Results of study have been revealed as follows: 1) Although some differences were observed, male pura which have been brought up in the condition of high temperature shown the low rate of unfertilized eggs rather than those were brought up in the normal conpition. 2) In this group the eclosion(emergency) has been found to be poor rather, than those specimen brought up in normal conditions. 3) The copulation function of Moran, Daedong, J124 and C108 specimen were found to be poor than those of Suwon jam. 4) Fertility rate of Moran, Daedong, J124 and C108 was found to be around 65%. This figure is rather lower than what we normally expect. 5) Unfertilized egg ratio of Moran, Daedong and C108 were found to be around 20% if they were brought up in the condition of high temperature for one day from the time of pupation: 40% at 2 days, and 70% at 3 days duration. More than 3 days treatment has shown no progress in the unfertilized egg ratio. 6) One day's treatment for the pupa at the later stage has shown the unfertilized egg ratio of about 10%; 20% at 2 day's treatment, 35% at 3 day's treatment, 40-60% at 4 day's treatment, more than 60% at 5 day's treatment, and the 70% of fertilized egg ratio was only observed when the treatment days come to 7 days. It was understood that the unfertilized egg ratio was high at the antepupa stage rather than that of post-pupa stage. 7) According to the result of observation the sperm in copulatory pouch and seminal receptacle out of the normal female silk worm which have been copulated with the male brought up in the condition of high temperature at their moth stage. The reproduction system found in the control zone has been found to be normal and the sperm is amountful and active in motion while the sperm found in the treatment to be limited in amount and slow in motion. The observation was made within 5 hours from the copulation. 8) According to the result of observation of sperm of seminal receptacles of the female silkworm moth, and according to that observation of sperm in the seminal receptacle in female silkworm moth, the amount of sperm and mobility in the female moth brought up in high temperature were poor comparing that were brought up in normal temperature zone. Some of them are even found to be no trace of such. 9) Appearance and mosle of the copulatory organ of the male silkworm moth was found to be no anatomical change. 10) Testis of the later pupa stage which was brought up in the high temperature was found to be almost net developed to anucleate sperm and they are degenerated at stage of between maturation division and sperm abnormal stage. Mean time at control zone, the formation of anucleate sperm was already observed.