• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.358-358
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• 2017

The plant type is generally one of the most important factor for crop production and be influenced by nitrogen absorption. Soybean plants have nodules in their roots, supplying nitrogen at the vegetative and reproductive stages. Root nodules seem to effect plant type of soybean plants, but there are few reports on the relation nodules and plant type. We tried to clarify the effects of root nodules on the plant type, especially internode length and petiole length, comparing non-nodule soybean with normal soybean. The pot experiment and field experiment were carried out at Mie University and Utsunomiya University in 2015 and 2016. Enrei, a popular cultivar in central Japan, and En1282, non-nodulating isogenic line of Enrei, were used. The petiole length on main stem was measured after defoliation and internode length and yield components were measured after harvest. In the field experiment, the patterns of the final length in internode and petiole on main stem were consistent in both cultivars, and a positive correlation was found between the Nth petiole length and the N-1th internode length, belong to the same phytomere. Therefore, the petiole and internode on the main stem make similar response for environmental factors. In pot experiment, Enrei grew with the same pattern as field experiments, but in En1282, the elongation of petiole and internode in the upper part was suppressed, especially the petiole was suppressed greatly. The main stem becomes the basis of the plant type. These results were considered that the nitrogen is distributed preferentially to the internode than the petiole. It seems that the pot cultivation restricted the rhizosphere and caused nitrogen deficiency in En1282. These results suggested that the slight nitrogen deficiency provided from the root nodules was compensated by the increase of the amount of inorganic nitrogen absorption due to the expansion of the rhizosphere, and the severe nitrogen deficiency suppressed elongation of petiole and internode. It is clear that root nodules effect the plant type by supplying nitrogen to internodes and petioles.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.225-234
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• 1971

With the advance of civilization and steadily increasing population rivalry and competition for the use of the sewage, culverts, farm irrigation and control of various types of flood discharge have developed and will be come more and more keen in the future. The author has tried to calculated a formula that could adjust these conflicts and bring about proper solutions for many problems arising in connection with these conditions. The purpose of this study is to find out effective sewage, culvert, drainage, farm irrigation, flood discharge and other engineering needs in the Taegu area. If demands expand further a new formula will have to be calculated. For the above the author estimated methods of control for the probable expected rainfall using a formula based on data collected over a long period of time. The formula is determined on the basis of the maximum daily rainfall data from 1921 to 1971 in the Taegu area. 1. Iwai methods shows a highly significant correlation among the variations of Hazen, Thomas, Gumbel methods and logarithmic normal distribution. 2. This study obtained the following major formula: ${\log}(x-2.6)=0.241{\xi}+1.92049{\cdots}{\cdots}$(I.M) by using the relation $F(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi}}{\int}_{-{\infty}}^{\xi}e^{-{\xi}^2}d{\xi}$. ${\xi}=a{\log}_{10}\(\frac{x+b}{x_0+b}\)$ ($-b<x<{\infty}$) ${\log}(x_0+b)=2.0448$ $\frac{1}{a}=\sqrt{\frac{2N}{N-1}}S_x=0.1954$. $b=\frac{1}{m}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{m}b_s=-2.6$ $S_x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{N}\sum\limits^N_{i=1}\{{\log}(x_i+b)\}^2-\{{\log}(x_0+b)\}^2}=0.169$ This formule may be advantageously applicable to the estimation of flood discharge, sewage, culverts and drainage in the Taegu area. Notation for general terms has been denoted by the following. Other notations for general terms was used as needed. $W_{(x)}$ : probability of occurranec, $W_{(x)}=\int_{x}^{\infty}f_{(n)}dx$ $S_{(x)}$ : probability of noneoccurrance. $S_{(x)}=\int_{-\infty}^{x}f_(x)dx=1-W_{(x)}$ T : Return period $T=\frac{1}{nW_{(x)}}$ or $T=\frac{1}{nS_{(x)}}$ $W_n$ : Hazen plot $W_n=\frac{2n-1}{2N}$ $F_n=1-W_x=1-\(\frac{2n-1}{2N}\)$ n : Number of observation (annual maximum series) P : Probability $P=\frac{N!}{{t!}(N-t)}F{_i}^{N-t}(1-F_i)^t$ $F_n$ : Thomas plot $F_n=\(1-\frac{n}{N+1}\)$ N : Total number of sample size $X_l$ : $X_s$ : maximum, minumum value of total number of sample size.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 2005

목 적: 소아의 선천성 및 후천성 식도 질환의 치료에 있어 내시경적 풍선 확장술의 안전성, 효과 그리고 기술적인 문제들을 평가하였다. 방 법: 1993년부터 10년 동안 선천성 및 후천성 식도 질환의 치료로 부산대학교병원 소아과에서 내시경적 풍선 확장술을 시행한 8명을 대상으로 이들의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 시술은 풍선 카테터를 내시경 겸자구를 통해 삽입하여 내시경 직시 하에서 시행되었으며 최초로 사용되는 풍선의 크기는 식도의 내경과 협착 부위의 직경에 기초하여 결정하였다. 협착이 아주 심한 경우에는 먼저 유도 철선을 통과시킨 후, 유도 철선을 따라 풍선 카테터를 삽입시켰다. 풍선을 협착 부위에 위치시키고 서서히 확장하면서 목표하는 크기로 풍선이 팽창되면 1분 동안 확장된 상태를 유지하였다가 감압하여 1분 이상의 휴식을 가졌다. 확장 후 합병증이 없으면 풍선의 직경을 1 mm 간격으로 늘리면서 추가 확장하였다. 결 과: 남아가 3명, 여아가 5명이었고, 평균 연령은 4.2세였다. 8명의 환자에서 27회(환자 당 평균 3.2회)의 확장이 시행되었다. 기저 질환의 종류는 선천 성 식도 폐쇄에 대한 수술 후 발생한 식도 협착이 3예, 식도윤이 2예, 그 외 식도 무이완증, 빙초산에의한 부식성 식도염 그리고 고압성 식도 하부 괄약근이 각각 1예였다. 6~15 mm 직경의 풍선을 사용하였고, 최초 풍선의 크기는 협착의 형태와 정도에 따라 결정되었다. 합병증으로는 식도 천공과 심한 호흡 곤란이 각각 1예 있었다. 6예(75%)에서 시술 후 정상적인 음식 섭취를 보였다. 결 론: 내시경적 풍선 확장술은 소아의 선천성 및 후천성 식도 질환을 치료하는데 있어 안전하고 효과적인 방법이다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.450-452
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• 2005

A 3-year-old, 43kg, pregnant Great Pyrenese was examined for clinical signs of acute weakness and anorexia for 4 days. The dog was in lateral recumbency at referral. The rectal temperature was within reference range, and the respiratory and heart rates were 36 breaths/min and 58 beats/min, respectively. The abdomen was distended, and several puppies were palpated. The mean fetal head diameter was 2.8cm in the ultrasonographic examination. The initial complete blood count and serum biochemical examinations revealed mild dehydration, mud hyperglycemia, hypochloremia, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, and low sodium-potassium ratio. Serum BUN and total cholesterol values were slightly high. Hypoadrenocortical crisis was suspected on the basis of signs of acute collapse, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Adrenal gland function was evaluated by an ACTH stimulation test. The baseline cortisol concentration was $18.6{\mu}g/dl$ and the concentration at 1 hour after administration of tetracosactrin (ACTH, Synacthen) was $8{\mu}g/dl$. The dog was treated for the correction of assumed hypoadrenocortical crisis and substantial hyperkalemia. In addition to rapid infusion with saline solution, other medications administered intravenously included sodium bicarbonate and cimetidine hydrochloride. The dog was monitored with repeated serum electrolyte examination. After clinical stabilization, cesarean section was performed. All of 13 puppies were delivered, and the dog recovered from anesthesia without complications. The values of postpartum blood tests returned to normal or within reference range. The dog remained healthily.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.90-96
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• 1984

장주기핵연료(長週期核燃料) 노심기법(爐心技法)에 의한 사용후핵연료(使用後核燃料)가 기존(旣存) 사용후핵연료저장시설(使用後核燃料貯藏施設)의 설계변경(設計變更)없이 동(同) 시설(施設)에 수용(受容) 가능(可能)한지를 결정(決定)하기 위하여 저장시설(貯藏施設)에서의 예상(豫想) 방사선피폭선량률(放射線被曝線量率) DLC-23/CASK (22n, 18g) 단면적(斷面積)자료(資料)와 ANISN-W 전산(電算)코드로 계산(計算)하여 설계기준치(設計基準値)와 비교(比較) 검토(檢討)하였다. 사용후핵연료내(使用後核燃料內)의 방사능량(放射能量) 및 감마선스펙트럼은 핵연료교체(核燃料交替)모델에 따라 ORIGEN 전산(電算)코드로 계산(計算)하였다. 방사선량률(放射線量率)의 계산(計算)에 있어서 저장조(貯藏槽)의 기하학적(幾何學的) 모델은 무한평판모형(無限平板模型)이며 저장(貯藏)된 사용후핵연료(使用後核燃料)의 구성물질(構成物質)과 방사선원(放射線源)은 핵연료집합체내(核燃料集合體內)에 균일(均一)하게 분포(分布)되었다고 가정(假定)하였다. 사용후핵연료저장조(使用後核燃料貯藏槽)에 저장(貯藏)된 핵연료집합체(核燃料集合體) 및 저장용수중(貯藏用水中) 방사성핵종(放射性核種)에 의한 방사선량률(放射線量率)의 계산(計算) 결과(結果)는 정상(正常) 및 사고수면시(事故水面時) 계산(計算)된 방사선량률(放射線量率)이 설계기준치(設計基準値)를 만족(滿足)시켜주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.296-310
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• 2000

During the past 10 years, concern for community people's health has increased together with the changes. Public health policies and studies for community people's health, however, have influenced those in childmaternal health care to want more general coverage and studies of health and wellness. Particularly, the study of community people's health in the extent an island area is almost rare as that personal and the material benefits in this area are lacking of community people's work is large, and the basic elements of living, such as diet and elimination, are irregular due to the schedule of the tide. Thus, there are many potential health problems. In this regard, the study attempted to understand the health problems of island community people and to provide a basis for developing health promotion and health education programs. In collecting data for the study, face to face interviews were made through a structured questionnaire from October 1 to December 30, 1996. Collected data were analyzed with the SAS statistics program, descriptive statistics, t-test and ANOVA. Subjects' health status was examined by classifying into such categories as their health perception, complaints of health problem, related lifestyle, psychosocial health staus, the result of examination is as follows; 1. For subjects' health perception, 26.9% of the subject answered not sick, but not so healthy'; 30.9% thought they were healthy, while 22.9% answered that they were not healthy. 2. For the health problem complaints many complained of pains in their muscles and skeletal system, especially knee joint pain. Women's health problems related with breast and the reproductive system included 52.3% of cases doing breast self examination, while 56.55% received the cervical cancer screening test. In men's health problems, 44.2% of subjects answered that they have moderate to severe BPH(Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) symptom. 3. There were statistically a significant difference in the degree of physical health according to marital status(p=0.0028), occupation(p=0.0442), income(p=0.0357). 4. For stress status, 17.2% was to need the intervention, 50.2% was to need observation. 5. The mean score of self-esteem was 27.7 showing a relatively high score. 6. For the rate of smoking, 37.7% used to smoke, while 28% used to take alcohol. 7. The rate of substance abuse was 45.9% of subjects. 8. Most of subjects' health behaviors included most of the acupuncture (52%). 9. The rate of subjects receiving comprehensive medical testing was 34.36% while 34.78% did after care managing behavior. 10. For the obesity grade, 53% is normal weight, low-weight 32.8%, obesity 33%. 11. For nutrition status, 78.7% illy balanced to need intervention of nutritional education. 12. For 78.7% of subjects, muscle strength and 40.7% of stretching were not good enough to need health education on physical exercises. Therefore, based on the results, appropriate health education programs need to be developed to promote health of community people on an island.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1330-1338
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• 2008

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut microflora in weaned piglets. A total of sixty pigs were weaned at 21 d of age (BW = $5.64{\pm}0.23kg$) and allocated on the basis of BW and litter to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were: control group (basal diet), antibiotics group (basal diet+0.02% colistin), and ASE group (basal diet+0.1% ASE). On d 7, 14 and 28 after consuming the experimental diets, five piglets per group were sacrificed and then the contents from the jejunum, ileum and cecum were collected to determine changes in the microbial community by using a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique and estimating the contents of Lactobacillus and E. coli by in vitro culturing methods. The results showed that the ASE promoted the microflora diversity in the cecum. Enumeration of bacteria in the gut contents showed that the number of Lactobacillus increased (p<0.05), while that of E. coli decreased (p<0.05) when compared with the other 2 groups as the days of age progressed post-weaning. These findings suggested that the ASE, as a substitute for dietary antimicrobial products, could improve the development of the normal gut microflora and suppress bacterial pathogens, and effectively promote a healthy intestinal environment.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.490-498
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• 2017

본 연구는 유치원을 이용하는 부모들을 대상으로 방과후과정과 특성화활동 이용 현황을 살펴보고, 그 결과를 토대로 효과적인 정책 개선 방안을 제안하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 693명의 부모를 대상으로 면담원이 부모와 대면 면담조사를 실시하였고, 수집된 자료는 백분율, 평균과 표준편차 등을 이용하여 결과를 산출하였다. 먼저 방과후과정 이용현황을 조사한 결과를 보면, 첫째, 방과후과정 이용에 따른 추가 부담 지출 비율이 전체 조사 대상의 약 38.2%이며, 추가 비용의 평균액은 약 62,850원이었다. 비용부담과 만족도를 5점 만점 기준으로 볼 때, 보통수준으로 나타났다. 둘째, 방과후과정 참여 이유로는 부모의 맞벌이, 자녀가 친구들과 시간을 함께 보내게 하고 싶어서 등과 같은 순으로 나타났다. 다음으로 방과후특성화활동 이용 현황을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 방과후특성화활동 이용 유아 비율은 조사 대상의 약 68.2%이며, 그 중에서 비용 지출 유아는 약 79.0%, 평균 이용 개수는 약 2.69개이며, 평균 비용은 83,540원으로 조사되었다. 둘째, 선호하는 교육프로그램은 영어가 압도적인 비율로 높게 나타났으며, 자녀들이 활동을 좋아해서 참여한다고 응답한 비율이 가장 높았다. 셋째, 방과후특성화활동 개선요구 사항으로는 교육내용의 내실화가 1순위로 제시되었다. 마지막으로 방과후특성화활동으로 인해 부모의 사교육비 지출이 감소되었다는 응답비율이 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 조사 결과를 토대로 방과후과정 및 특성화활동 성격에 맞는 적합한 교육프로그램 개발 및 실행 등의 개선 방안을 논의하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2018

Objective: A 14-d trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$) on growth performance, apparent ileal digestibility, serum hormones levels and gene expression of $Na^+$, $K^+-ATPase$ in ducklings. Methods: A total of 704 ducklings were blocked on the basis of sex and body weight (BW), and then allocated randomly to one of the following two treatments: i) CON, basal diet and ii) $AFB_1$, diets with 100% of normal corn replaced with $AFB_1$ contaminated corn. There were 22 pens per treatment and 16 birds per pen. The concentration of $AFB_1$ was 195.4 and $124.35{\mu}g/kg$ in the contaminated corn and $AFB_1$ diet, respectively. Results: The $AFB_1$ decreased average daily gain, average daily feed intake, d 7 BW, final BW in the whole trial, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during d 8 to 14 and d 1 to 14 by 10% to 47% (p<0.05), while FCR during d 1 to 7 was increased (p<0.05). $AFB_1$ did not affect mortality to 7 d of age, and then increased to 5.8% from 8 to 14 d of age (p<0.01). Apparent ileal gross energy digestibility was reduced by $AFB_1$, whereas apparent ileal digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and amino acid was improved (p<0.01). Feeding $AFB_1$ diets increased serum concentration of leptin and insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) (p<0.05), but had no effect on neuropeptide Y, ghrelin, cholecystokinin-8 or insulin (p>0.05). Dietary treatments did not influence relative expression of jejunal $Na^+$, $K^+-ATPase$ gene (p>0.05). Conclusion: Taken together, feeding corn naturally contaminated with $AFB_1$ reduced growth performance, improved apparent ileal digestibility, and affected serum leptin and IGF-1 in ducklings from d 1 to 14.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2005

적변삼은 인삼에서 흔히 볼 수 있으며, 농가에 커다란 경제적 손실을 주지만, 아직까지 주원인에 대해서는 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구는 적변삼의 발생원인을 밝히기 위하여 적변삼과 내생 세균과의 연관성을 검토하였다. 인삼의 내생 세균 밀도는 정상 인삼의 경우 $0.96{\sim}1.5{\times}10^2cfu/g\;fw$에 불과하였으나 적변이 심한 경우는 $0.37{\sim}5.1{\times}10^7\;cfu/g\;fw$로 정상 인삼에 비하여 밀도가 매우 높았다. 적변삼에서 분리한 31개 균주는 적변정도의 차이는 있지만 적변을 유발하였다. 적변과 관련이 있는 세균은 대부분이 그람 음성균이었다. 적변을 유발하는 세균을 세균학적 특성과 16S rDNA의 염기서열 분석에 의해 동정한 결과 Agrobacterium tumefaciens, A. rhizogenes, Burkholderia phenazinium, Ensifer adharens, Lysobacter gummosus, Microbacterium Iuteolum, M. oxydans, Pseudomonas marginalis, P. veronii, Pseudomonas sp., Rhizobium leguminosarum, R. tropica, Rhodococcus erythropolis, Rh. globerulus, Variovorax paradoxus의 세균으로 동정되었다. 따라서 인삼적변의 발생은 내생세균의 침입 및 증식에 기인한 것으로 추정된다.