• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.388-396
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• 2003

In this paper, a fast motion search algorithm that performs motion search for variable blocks in integer pixel unit is proposed. The proposed method is based on the successive elimination algorithm (SEA) using sum norms to find the best estimate of motion vector and obtains the best estimate of the motion vectors of blocks, including 16${\times}$8, 8${\times}$16, and 8${\times}$8, by searching eight pixels around the best motion vector of 16${\times}$16 block obtained from all candidates. And the motion vectors of blocks, including 8${\times}$4, 4${\times}$8, and 4${\times}$4, is obtained by searching eight pixels around the best motion vector of 8${\times}$8 block. The proposed motion search is applied to the H.264 encoder that performs variable blocks motion estimation (ME). In terms of computational complexity, the proposed search algorithm for motion estimation (ME) calculates motion vectors in about 23.8 times speed compared with the spiral full search without early termination and 4.6 times speed compared with the motion estimation method using hierarchical sum of absolute difference (SAD) of 4${\times}$4 blocks, while it shows 0.1dB∼0.4dB peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) drop in comparison to the spiral full search.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.spc
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

We carried out this study to analyze changes of rice grain milling properties according to the transplanting time and to identify genetic resources suitable for improving milling quality of rice in paddy field of Yeongnam area. We analyzed grain filling and milling quality of 30 rice varieties. In late transplanting (June 20), heading date was delayed for 6 days, compared to normal transplanting(June 5). The grain filling ratio (GFR), perfect kernel ratio of milled rice (PKR), and head rice recovery (HRR) were improved in late transplanting. There was no significant difference in head rice yield of two transplanting time, even though the milled rice yield in late transplanting was significantly smaller than that in normal transplanting because of the reduction of spikelet numbers per panicle. The uniformity of brown rice grain measured by selection sieve norm was improve in late transplanting. There was no significant difference of milling loss ratio between normal and late transplanting but there was a trend for a increase of milling necessary time in late transplanting. Thus, our result suggest that optimum transplanting time is June 10 to 15 to improve grain filling and milling quality and produce high head rice yield in the southern paddy plain of Yeongnam region. We selected promising 9 rice varieties which are Nampyeongbyeo, Ilmibyeo, Chucheongbyeo, Dongjinbyeo, Hopyeongbyeo, Malguemi, Chilbo, Hinohikari, and Cheongmu having high percentage of ripened grain and milling quality as genetic resources to improve milling characteristics of rice varieties. Chucheongbyeo, Dongjinbyeo, and Malguemi showed the highest grain filling ratio and Nampyeongbyeo had the highest perfect kernel ratio. Nampyeongbyeo and Ilmibyeo showed the highest head rice yield with more than 500 kg/10a.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2010

Objectives : The aim of this experiment was to investigate the influences of Autonomic Nervous System and EEG by conducting Reinforcement-Reduction(補瀉) acupuncture stimulation to compare the changes in acupoints on the body before and after treatment of acupuncture at Xingjian(LR2) being referred as Fire-point(火穴) and Ququan(LR8) being referred as Water-point(水穴) of Yin Liver Meridian(足厥陰肝經). Methods : This study was carried out on 30 healthy female volunteers in their 20's. There were four tests conducted throughout and the period for each test was between 2 to 5days. HRV and EEG were measured for 5 minutes before acupuncture stimulation was conducted on LR2-Reinforcement, LR2-Reduction, LR8-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction at random. During the 20 minutes of acupuncture treatment, same subjects were measured simultaneously to observe any significant changes in acupoints. Again, the same subjects were measured for 5 minutes after removing the acupuncture in order to perform a comparative analysis. Results : The measurement of HRV showed that LF, LFnorm and LF/HF ratio increased significantly(p<0.05) while HF, HF norm decreased significantly in case of LR2-Reinforcement & LR8-Reduction. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement induced a significant increase in HFnorm. EEG measurement indicated low $\alpha$ wave decreased and high $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR2-Reinforcement during post-acupuncture period compared with acupuncture stimulation period. Both LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed significantly low $\alpha$ wave and high $\alpha$ wave. High $\beta$ wave increased significantly at LR8-Reduction during the acupuncture stimulation in comparison with pre-acupuncture period. Conclusions : The manipulation of acupuncture stimulation at LR2-Reinforcement and LR8-Reduction enhanced the activity of sympathetic nerves and the state of arousal while that of para sympathetic nerves declined. On the other hand, LR2-Reduction and LR8-Reinforcement developed the levels of para sympathetic nerves and relaxation.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.103-121
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• 2008

The primary purpose of this study was to gather knowledge about $5^{th},\;6^{th},\;and\;7^{th}$ graders' proportional reasoning ability by investigating their reactions and use of strategies when encounting proportional or nonproportional problems, and then to raise issues concerning instructional methods related to proportion. A descriptive study through pencil-and-paper tests was conducted. The tests consisted of 12 questions, which included 8 proportional questions and 4 nonproportional questions. The following conclusions were drawn from the results obtained in this study. First, for a deeper understanding of the ratio, textbooks should treat numerical comparison problems and qualitative prediction and comparison problems together with missing-value problems. Second, when solving missing-value problems, students correctly answered direct-proportion questions but failed to correctly answer inverse-proportion questions. This result highlights the need for a more intensive curriculum to handle inverse-proportion. In particular, students need to experience inverse-relationships more often. Third, qualitative reasoning tends to be a more general norm than quantitative reasoning. Moreover, the former could be the cornerstone of proportional reasoning, and for this reason, qualitative reasoning should be emphasized before proportional reasoning. Forth, when dealing with nonproportional problems about 34% of students made proportional errors because they focused on numerical structure instead of comprehending the overall relationship. In order to overcome such errors, qualitative reasoning should be emphasized. Before solving proportional problems, students must be enriched by experiences that include dealing with direct and inverse proportion problems as well as nonproportional situational problems. This will result in the ability to accurately recognize a proportional situation.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.477-493
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• 2005

The cause of the eating disordered diet, which is a main topic of this study, has not been identified clearly, however, has been affected by an emphasis of western norm of a beauty - being tall and skinny - since the eighties. Another reason would be his/her lack of self-confidence and willingness to resolve his/her unsatisfied mental problem. There are two different of eating disordered diets; anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa. firstly, a patient of anorexia nervosa which is characterized by the loss in weight, tends to either deny meals, due to his/her desire to be skinny and a fear of gaining the weight. Secondly, a patient of bulimia nervosa eats much more food than an ordinary person does in around two hours and then removes them by doing vomiting with drugs. obesity is defined as overweight by $20\%$ and more than normal weight. In this case, body mass index(BMI) defined by the ratio of the weight(kg) to the height(m') is used. BMI = Weight(kg) / Height(m) In this paper, a list of questioneire for an adolescent to self-diagnosis the possibility of his/her eating disorder diet is identified and then a multi-media system which incorporates the list is designed and implemented with ASP language as a server language on a local host.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-33
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• 1997

This study reports the results about the petrography and geochemical characteristics of 10 representative volacanic rocks. The Cretaceous volcanic rocks distributed in the vicinity of the Kageo island composed of andesitic rocks, dacitic welded tuff, and rhyolitic rocks in ascending order. Sedimentary rock is the basement in the study area covered with volcanic rocks. Andesitic rocks composed of pyroclastic volcanic breccia, lithic lapilli tuff and cryptocrystallin lava-flow. Most dacitic rocks are lapilli ash-flow welded tuff. Rhyolitic rocks consists of rhyolite tuff and rhyolite lava flow. Rhyolite tuff are lithic crystal ash-flow tuff and crystal vitric ash-flow tuff with somewhat accidental fragments of andesitic rocks, but dacitic rocks. The variation of major and trace element of the volcanic rocks show that contents of $Al_2O_3$, FeO, CaO, MgO, $TiO_2$ decrease with increasing of $SiO_2$. On the basis of Variation diagrams such as $Al_2O_3$ vs. CaO, Th/Yb vs. Ta/Yb, and $Ce_N/YB_N$ vs. $Ce_N$, these rocks represent mainly differentiation trend of calc-alkaline rock series. On the discriminant diagrams such as Ba/La and La/Th ratio, Rb vs. Y + Nb, the volcanic rocks in study area belongs to high-K Orogenic suites, with abundances of trace element and ternary diagram of K, Na, Ca. According to the tectonic discriminant diagram by Wood, these rocks falls into the diestructructive continental margin. K-Ar ages of whole rocks are from andesite to rhyolite $97.0{\pm}6.8~94.5{\pm}6.6,\68.9{\pm}4.8,\61.5{\pm}4.9~60.7{\pm}4.2$ Ma, repectively. Volcanic rocks in study area show well correlation to the Yucheon Group in terms of rock age dating and geochemcial data, and derived from andesitic calc-alkaline magma that undergone low pressure fractional crystallization dominated plagioclase at <30km.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2013

This study was carried out to analyze distribution situation of alien plants and to propose management plan in the 3 Folk village in Gyeongsangbuk-do which is Cultural property designated by the State; Hahoe, Yangdong and Hangae. This research is for improve of sincerity of historical site and provide basic information which use about administration of preservation. The results are as follows. 1. Overall flora and alien plants appearance The total flora in the 3 folk villages were listed total 752 taxa including 127 families, 430 genera, 614 species, 5 subspecies, 100 varieties and 33 forms. Among them, woody plants take 263 taxa(35.0%) and herbaceous plants take 489 taxa (65.0%). Flora in the Hahoe, Yangdong and Hangae village were total 534, 479 taxa and 408 taxa and exotic plant index was 30.1%, 38.2% and 37.0% respectively. In types of exotic plants, ornamental exotic plants were 135 taxa, deciduous exotic plants were 21 taxa, cultivating exotic plants were 64 taxa, and naturalized exotic plants were 80 taxa and those result lead that the ornamental exotic plants is the highest ratio. According to the villages, Hahoe village had 161 taxa(30.1%), Yangdong Village had 183 taxa(38.2%), and Hangae village had 151 taxa(37.0%) that Yangdong village showed the most number of exotic plants. 2. Planting of landscape exotic plants in the unit cultural assets Meanwhile, Ornamental exotic plants in old house's gardens in Andong Hahoe village which is designated as a unit assets, those are total 30 taxa; followed by the Okyeon house(8 taxa) is highest and the Yangjindang(7), the Hadong house(6) and the Chunghyodang(5). Magnolia denudata appears the most as for 4 times and Campsis grandiflora etc. each took 2 times. Based on the Yangdong village, Gyeongju, that are found total 51 taxa; followed by the Dugok house(16 taxa) the Sujoldang(14), the Mucheondang(13), and the Sangchunheon (12). High appearance rate of ornamental exotic plants were Viburnum opulus for. hydrangeoides, Lycoris squamigera, Caragagna sinica and Magnolia denudata etc. Based on the Hangae village, Seongju, that are designated total 62 taxa; followed by the Jinsa house(35 taxa), the Gyori house(25), the Hanju head family house(20), and the Hahoe house(16). Taxa with high appearance rates were Caragana sinica, Juniperus chinensis var. horizontalis, Magnolia denudata, Viburnum opulus for. hydrangeoides, Chaenomeles speciosa etc. 3. Problems of exotic plant landscapes in the outer spaces of the folk villages Problems of exotic plant landscapes in the outer spaces of the Hahoe village are as follows. In lower of the Mansongjeong forest, Ambrosia artemisifolia, which are ecosystem disturbance plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, live with high dominance value. This should be have a remove with Sicyos angulatus immediately. In the Nakdong river bed around the Mansongjeong forest is covered with a riparian vegetation forest belt of Robinia pseudoacacia L. forest, Populus nigra var. italic community, and Populus x tomentiglandulosa community colony. Based on the Yangdong village, the planted or naturally distributed Ailanthus altissima colony, sporadically distributed Robinia pseudoacacia as well as Amorpha fruticosa are detected all over the village and ecotones. Based on the Hangae village, Ailanthus altissima and Robinia pseudoacacia are sporadically distributed around the village and there is a sign of spreading. similarity of exotic plantsis 47.0% to 48.6% and a reason why this happened is all of research site in Gyeongsanbuk-do and that is why growth norm of plant is similar, exotic plant which is sales for ornamental and it infer to require related countermeasure of each villages and joint related countermeasure.