• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.69-76
• /
• 2018

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of low-intensity muscle training on neurotransmitters associated with depression and emotion regulation disorders in survivors with stroke who were diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder. Methods : Survivors of chronic stroke diagnosed with depression or emotion regulation disorder (n = ) were included in the study. Concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were measured before and after. Low-intensity muscle training was performed once a day for 50 minutes, 5 times a week for 10 weeks. Result : Levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine improved significantly after intervention (p < .05). Conclusion : These results confirm that low-intensity muscle training has a positive effect on neurotransmitter concentrations in survivors with stroke diagnosed with depression and emotion regulation disorders. Future studies should analyze the changes in neurotransmitters in more detail using various exercise methods and intensities to investigate their effects on depression and emotion regulation disorders.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of myofascial release technique on pain threshold and hormonal changes in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. Methods: Eight patients with adhesive capsulitis were treated with the myofascial release technique. Myofascial release is a form of manual therapy that involves the application of a low load, long duration stretch to the myofascial complex, intended to restore optimal length, decrease pain, and improve function. Blood tests and pressure pain threshold (PPT) examinations were performed on their first visit. On their second visit, the myofascial release technique was applied to the shoulder for 20 min. Then, blood tests and PPT were re-evaluated to determine the effects of the myofascial release technique on pain threshold and hormonal changes. Results: Pain threshold increased from 2.92 to 24.13 lb after treatment. Epinephrine decreased from .13 to .08 ng/mL whereas norepinephrine increased from .25 to .41ng/㎖ after treatment. Conclusion: Myofascial release technique in patients with adhesive capsulitis increased pain thresholds, norepinephrine and decreased epinephrine levels.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제5권6호
• /
• pp.503-510
• /
• 2001

Long-term treatment of cultured bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin (BAMC) cells with arachidonic acid $(100\;{\mu}M),$ angiotesnin II (100 nM), prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2;\;10\;{\mu}M),$ veratridine $(2\;{\mu}M)$ or KCl (55 mM) for 24 hrs increased both norepinephrine and epinephrine levels in the supernatant. Pretreatment with staurosporine (10 nM), a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, completely blocked increases of norepinephrine and epinephrine secretion induced by arachidonic acid, angiotensin II, $PGE_2,$ veratridine or KCl. In addition, K252a, another PKC inhibitor whose structure is similar to that of staurosporine, effectively attenuated both norepinephrine and epinephrine secretion induced by arachidonic acid. However, K252a did not affect the catecholamine secretion induced by angiotensin II, $PGE_2,$ veratridine or KCl. Our results suggest that staurosporine may inhibit long-term catecholamine secretion induced by various secretagogues in a mechanism other than inhibiting PKC signaling. Furthermore, long-term secretion of catecholamines induced by arachidonic acid may be dependent on PKC pathway.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.285-290
• /
• 1992

After rats were exposed to 5,000 ppm carbon monoxide for 30 minutes, the amounts of catecholamine neurotransmitters in stratum were measured using high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with electrochemical detector. The concentration of dopamine in stratum was significantly decreased after carbon monoxide intoxification, but those of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, norepinephrine, and epinephrine was not changed. However the pretreatments of Ginseng total saponin and panaxatriol saponin increased the concentrations of dopamine and its acidic metabolites (DOPAC and HVA). Ginseng total saponin also increased the concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine. Similar results were obtained from aged rats.

• 대한약리학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.87-94
• /
• 1987

스트레스로 인한 위궤양형성에 중추성 교감신경의 영향여부를 추구하기 위하여 norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, isoproterenol 및 clonidine을 흰쥐의 뇌실내로 투여 하고 한냉 환경 $(4^{\circ}C)$에서 4시간 구속방치하여 위 분비기능의 변동과 궤양 발생 정도를 검색하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine및 소량의 clonidine 처치로 궤양 발생이 현저하게 감소하였다. 2. Norepinephrine또는 epinephrine 처치군에서는 위액분비, 산분비 및 펩신 분비의 감소와 궤양 발생 감소가 초래되었다. 3. Dopamine혹은 소량의 clonidine 처치군에서는 궤양 발생의 감소와 위액분비 및 산분비 감소가 초래되었으나 펩신 분비는 변동 없었다. 4. Isoproterenol처치군에서는 궤양 발생과 펩신 분비는 대조군과 차이 없고, 위액분비 및 산분비의 감소만 나타났다. 5. 대량의 clonidine 투여군에서는 궤양발생, 산분비 및 펩신분비 모두 변동없이 약간의 위액분비 감소가 나타났다 이상의 결과로 보아 중추성 교감신경자극은 궤양 형성을 억압하는 작용이 있고, 이에는 교감신경성 ${\alpha}$-수용체 및 도파민성 수용체가 관여된다고 믿어지며, 이 효과는 위액분비 감소 및 산 분비 감소작용과 아울러 또 다른 요인이 관여한다고 추측된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.442-450
• /
• 1995

This study determined plasma glucose, free fatty acid(ffa), epinephrine, norepinephrine, creatine the phosphokinase(CPK), calcium (Ca), magnesium(Mg) and hydroxyproline, Ca and Mg in the heart muscle. Thirty six male Sprague Dawley rats average weighing 110g divided into two diet group : normal Mg group(0.05% Mg), Marginal Mg group(0.005% Mg). After the rats were on experimental diets for 2 weeks, rats for each group were randomly assigned to stress and no stress group and 30 minutes IMMB stress was administered to stress group every day for two weeks. The following were found : 1) Rats fed normal magnesium diet showed decreased plasma glucose and non signficant change in norepinephrine and CPK with IMMB stress, while magnesium deficient rats showed elevated plasma glucose, norepinephrine and CPK with stress. 2) Myocardial hydroxyproline and plasma epinephrine were not significantly different among groups. 3) In the rats fed adequate magnesium, stress increased plasma magnesium while rats on marginal magnesium diet did not show significant change with stress. 4) Plasma and myocardial calcium were increased in rats fed marginal Mg diet, but did not show any significant difference with stress.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.565-573
• /
• 1993

Noise is not only affecting the ear and the auditory cortex locally, but its influence is widely spread throughout the brain structures, e. g., the reticular formation, the brain stem nuclei or the subcortical forebrain area. Hence, any of the organism's activities can be hindered or stimulated by noise. High noise is a stressor and the catecholamine level can be used both as a stress marker and as an indicator of modified sympathetic nervous system activity. Several recent studies have found that the urinary excretion of catecholamines is increased due to high noise intensity, especially unexpectedly high and long lasting noise. The present study was conducted in order to examine the effects of noise stress on urinary excretion of ctecholamines in rats and humans. Rats were exposed to 90 dB noise for 10, 30, and 60 minutes, 3 and 12 hours. 24 hour . urinary samples were collected and the catecholamones were extracted by alumina and analyzed by HPLC-ECD. Catecholamine levels increased with time of exposure up to 60 minutes : norepinephrine concentration at 60 min of noise=1.038 ng/ml, epinephrine=0.636 ng/ml. Urine catecholamines of blue collar workers exposed to 90 dB of noise at the work place were collected between 2 and 4 p.m. and compared to that of white collar workers exposed to 70 dB. Mean norepinephrine level of the blue collar workers was 0.89 ng/ml (${\pm}0.25$), epinephrine 0.24ng/m1 (${\pm}0.09$), and that of the white collar workers 0.48 ng/ml (${\pm}0.12$), epinephrine 0.19 ng/ml(${\pm}0.05$). It was concluded that noise acts as a stressor and increases the catecholamine levels in both rats and humans.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Norepinephrine (NE) is a neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system. It is used for treating hypotension on distributive shock, central nervous system injury, or sepsis. There are several reports that state that alcohol suppresses vasoconstriction by NE. Thus, our hypothesis is that the effect of NE is reduced in alcohol-drinking patients with distributive shock. We investigated whether alcohol suppresses NE-induced contraction and aimed at finding a solution to this problem. Methods: For this study, we used the aorta from male Sprague-Dawley rats (9-11 weeks) and an isometric contraction system. Results: Our results showed that alcohol suppresses NE contraction and does not affect epinephrine induced a contraction. Moreover, in the presence of alcohol, a 7:3 mixture of NE and epinephrine induced a contractile force similar to that induced by NE under normal conditions. Conclusion: We found that the vasoconstrictive force of NE decreased in the blood vessels in which alcohol was present, which was not because endothelial cells. The reduced contractile force was most similar to that induced by a 7:3 mixture of NE and epinephrine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제31권7호
• /
• pp.1130-1138
• /
• 1998

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between changes in body temperature, adiposity and sympathoadrenal activity in normal weight female college students, eating an instant-noodle lunch in a laboratory setting at ambient temperatures of 22-24.8$^{\circ}C$. Preprandial epinephrine(EPI) concentration, as an indicator of adrenal activity, was inversely and significantly correlated with body weight, body mass index(BMI), and waist girth. Changes in pre- and postprandial EPI concentrations showed positive correlations with % body fat, fat mass, waist girth, hip girth, and waist/hip girth ratio(WHR). The preprandial norepinephrine (NE) concentration was negatively correlated with recovery time from the peak postprandial core temperature to the meal-start core temperature(RTST). However, the NE concentration, an indicator of sympathetic neural activity, was not related to anthropometric measurements in normal weight young women. In conclusion, adrenal activity was negatively associated with adiposity and central body fat distribution. Sympathetic activity was related to body temperature regulation capacity after a meal, but was not related to adiposity in normal weight young women. (Korean J Nutrition 31(7) 1130-1138, 1998)

• 한국동물학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.23-28
• /
• 1992

The effects of an antimetabolite, 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AU) on the levels of glucose, glycogen, catechoamines and mucleotides in mice brain were investigated. The level of glucose in the blood starts increasing from 3 h after administration of 6-AU while those in the brain tissue start increasing from 9 h after administration of 6-AN. The concentration of brain glvcogen remained unchanged at all time points except 11h. The level of epinephrine in the brain was found to reach maximum value at initial 3 h following 6-AU administration, after urhich it started dec$\ulcorner$easing si역서cantle. The Brvel of brain norepinephrine remained virtually unchanged before 24 h time point at which it starts decreasing significantly. ATP, CTP, UMP and UTP levels were significantly reduced but AMP and CMP levels urere not affected.