• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.42 no.5 s.305
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

In this paper, a new method for obtaining three-dimensional shape of an object by measuring relative blur between images using wavelet analysis has been described. Most of the previous methods use inverse filtering to determine the measure of defocus. These methods suffer from some fundamental problems like inaccuracies in finding the frequency domain representation, windowing effects, and border effects. Besides these deficiencies, a filter, such as Laplacian of Gaussian, that produces an aggregate estimate of defocus for an unknown texture, can not lead to accurate depth estimates because of the non-stationary nature of images. We propose a new depth from defocus (DFD) method using wavelet analysis that is capable of performing both the local analysis and the windowing technique with variable-sized regions for non-stationary images with complex textural properties. We show that normalized image ratio of wavelet power by Parseval's theorem is closely related to blur parameter and depth. Experimental results have been presented demonstrating that our DFD method is faster in speed and gives more precise shape estimates than previous DFD techniques for both synthetic and real scenes.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 1988

A stochchastic analysis procedure of generating floor response spectra for proportionally damped linear systems subject to earthquake loading is presented. Theories of random vibration and mode acceleration method are used in the formulation of governing equations. The structure-oscillator interaction is not considered. It is assumed that the input motions and oscillator responses are stationary Gaussian processes with mean zero. The nonstationary characteristics of earthquake motion are incorporated in the peak factor which is based on Vanmarcke's theory. Floor response spectra for both resonance and non-resonance cases are calculated under the assumption that the peak factors for structure and oscillator are equal to that for ground response spectrum. The validity of this method is demonstrated by comparing the results obtained by proposed method with those by time history analyses. The results obtained by this method are conservative and accurate with tolerable precision. This method saves much computing time compared with time history analysis method.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.341-347
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• 1996

Vibration analysis is one of the most powerful tools available for the detection and isolation of incipient faults in mechanical systems. The methods of vibration analysis in use today and under continuous study are broad band vibration monitoring, time domain analysis, and frequency domain analysis. In recent years, great interest has been generated concerning the use of time- frequency repesentation and its application for a machinery diagnostics and condition monitoring system. The objective of the study described in this paper was to develop a new diagnostic tool for the rotating machinery. This paper introduces a new time frequency representation. Directional Winger-Ville Distribution, which analyese the time-frequency structure of the rotating machinery vibration.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.319-330
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• 2006

A signal in real world usually composes of multiple signals having different scales of frequencies. For example sun-spot data is fluctuated over 11 year and 85 year. Economic data is supposed to be compound of seasonal component, cyclic component and long-term trend. Decomposition of the signal is one of the main topics in time series analysis. However when the signal is subject to nonstationarity, traditional time series analysis such as spectral analysis is not suitable. Huang et. at(1998) proposed data-adaptive method called empirical mode decomposition (EMD) . Due to its robustness to nonstationarity, EMD has been applied to various fields. Huang et. at, however, have not considered denoising when data is contaminated by error. In this paper we propose efficient denoising method utilizing cross-validation.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2013

A grid-based configuration of Land Surface Models (LSMs) coupled with a climate model can be advantageous in impact assessment of climate change for a large scale area. We assessed the applicability of Common Land Model (CoLM) to runoff and land surface temperature (LST) simulations at the domain that encompasses the Nakdong river basin. To establish a high resolution model configuration of a $1km{\times}1km$ grid size, both surface boundary condition and atmospheric inputs from the observed weather data in 2009 were adjusted to the same resolution. The Leaf Area Index (LAI) was collected from MODerate esolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the downward short wave flux was produced by a nonstationary multi-site weather state model. Compared with the observed runoffs at the stations on Nakdong river, simulated runoffs properly responded to rainfall. The spatial features and the seasonal variations of the domain fairly well were captured in the simulated LSTs as well. The monthly and seasonal trend of LST were described well compared to the observations, however, the monthly averaged simulated LST exceeded the observed up to $2^{\circ}C$ at the 24 stations. From the results of our study, it is shown that high resolution LSMs can be used to evaluate not only quantity but also quality of water resources as it can capture the geographical features of the area of interest and its rainfall-runoff response.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.525-537
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• 2016

The paper considers a hybrid model to analyze and forecast time series data based on an empirical mode decomposition (EMD) that accommodates complex characteristics of time series such as nonstationarity and nonlinearity. We aggregate IMFs using the concept of cumulative energy to improve the interpretability of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from EMD. We forecast aggregated IMFs and residue with a hybrid model that combines the ARIMA model and an exponential smoothing method (ETS). The proposed method is applied to forecast KOSPI time series and is compared to traditional forecast models. Aggregated IMFs and residue provide a convenience to interpret the short, medium and long term dynamics of the KOSPI. It is also observed that the hybrid model with ARIMA and ETS is superior to traditional and other types of hybrid models.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.909-921
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• 2010

Cross-wave regression imputation and carry-over imputation method are generally used in the analysis of panel data with missing values. Recently it is known that the BLS non-response adjust method has good statistical properties. In this paper we show that the BLS method can be considered as an imputation method with a similar formula of a ratio-estimator. In addition, we show that the carry-over imputation and BLS imputation are approximately the same under the assumption that data follow a non-stationary process with drift. Small simulation studies and real data analysis are performed. For the real data analysis, a monthly labor statistic (2007) is used.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.327-340
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• 2015

General Circulation Models (GCMs) are the basic tool used for modelling climate. However, the spatio-temporal discrepancy between GCM and observed value, therefore, the models deliver output that are generally required calibration for applied studies. Which is generally done by Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) approach. Stochastic downscaling methods have been used extensively to generate long-term weather sequences from finite observed records. A primary objective of this study is to develop a forecasting scheme which is able to make use of a MME of different GCMs. This study employed a Nonstationary Hidden Markov Chain Model (NHMM) as a main tool for downscaling seasonal ensemble forecasts over 3 month period, providing daily forecasts. Our results showed that the proposed downscaling scheme can provide the skillful forecasts as inputs for hydrologic modeling, which in turn may improve water resources management. An application to the Nakdong watershed in South Korea illustrates how the proposed approach can lead to potentially reliable information for water resources management.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.379-379
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• 2011

본 연구는 우리나라 전국 기상관측소 중 1973년부터 2009년까지의 시 강수자료가 구축되어 있는 기상관측소 55개 지점에 대하여 비정상성 빈도해석을 수행하였다. 각 지점에 대하여 지속시간 1시간, 24시간에 대한 연 최대 강수량 자료를 구축하여 초기 20년을 기준으로 1년씩 추가한 연 최대 강수량 누적 자료를 생성하고, 생성된 기간별 자료의 평균, 위치매개변수, 축척매개변수를 산정하였으며, 위치매개변수와 축척매개변수는 확률가중모멘트법을 사용하여 산정하였다. 산정된 연 최대 평균 누적 강수량과 연도와의 선형 회귀식을 산정하여 목표연도별(2040, 2070, 2100년) 평균 강수량을 산정하였고, 위치매개변수와 축척매개변수도 평균 누적 강수량과의 선형 회귀식을 산정함으로써, 목표연도에 해당하는 각 매개변수를 산정하였다. 또한 산정된 목표연도별 평균 강수량, 위치매개변수와 축척매개변수를 이용해 확률강수량을 산정하였다. 비정상성 빈도해석을 수행하여 산정된 55개 지점에 대한 목표연도별 확률강수량을 Inverse Distance Weighted(IDW) 보간법을 사용하여 전국의 확률강수량을 공간적으로 표현하였다. 전국단위의 비정상성 빈도해석을 실시한 결과, 전체적으로 각 목표연도별 확률강수량이 증가하는 것으로 나타났으나, 일부 감소하는 지역도 나타났다. 경기도와 강원도 등 중부지역에서 확률강수량의 증가가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 강원도(강릉, 인재 등) 지역에서 확률강수량의 증가폭이 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한 남해지역에서는 대부분 확률강수량이 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, 그중에서 전라남도 남해안 부근(장흥 등)에 확률강수량의 감소가 가장 크게 나타났으며, 경북지역과 전북지역 부근에서는 증가 또는 감소의 차이가 미비하게 나타났다. 하지만 목표연도 2070년과 2100년에 대하여 산정된 확률강수량으로부터 선형 회귀식을 통해 목표연도별 평균 강수량, 위치매개변수, 축척매개변수를 추정하여 확률강수량을 산정하는 것에 한계가 있음을 보여주었다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.497-506
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• 2015

A composite guidance law for impact angle control against nonstationary nonmaneuvering targets is proposed. The proposed law is based on the characteristics of proportional navigation and generates two kinds of guidance commands during the homing phase. The first command is to keep the desired look angle, and the second is to attack the target with impact angle constraint. The switch of guidance phases occurs when the specific light-of-sight(LOS) angle determined from the engagement information is satisfied. The calculation method of the maximum achievable impact angle is also proposed to design easily the desired impact angle within the missile capability. Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the performance and characteristics of the proposed law.