• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.330-343
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• 2005

특발성 간질성 폐렴은 폐포보다는 폐간질을 주로 침범하는 미만성 염증성 섬유화 병변으로 병변의 분류에 임상적 및 병리학적으로 많은 혼동과 변화를 겪어왔다. 최근에는 미국흉부학회와 유럽호흡기학회의 공동 모임에서 이 질환 군에 해당되는 모든 임상과들이 모여서 7가지의 병변으로 재분류 하였는데, 이는 Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, Acute interstitial pneumonia, Respiratory bronchiolitis interstitial lung disease, Desquamative interstitial pneumonia, Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia 등이다. 이에 저자는 최근 분류에 의한 특발성 간질성 폐렴의 7가지 병변을 영상 소견을 중심으로 기술하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.510-513
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• 1989

Acquired esophagobronchial fistula is relatively rare disease. Its causes are malignancy of esophagus or bronchus, infection, trauma, and diverticulum of esophagus. Malignant esophagobronchial fistula is more frequent than benign origin. The patient was 21-year-old female and had typical Onos sign. On esophagogram, fistulous tract was identified between esophagus and left lower lobe bronchus. The cause was nonspecific inflammation of mediastinum. The fistulous tract was resected and reinforced by mediastinal pleura. Postoperative course was uneventful.

• Journal of Breast Disease
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2018

Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is extremely rare and is observed in 0.0005% to 0.05% of primary breast tumor cases. The diagnosis of this tumor is difficult due to its undefined characteristics. Radiologic findings are often nonspecific and appear completely normal in one-third of patients with primary angiosarcomas. The prognosis is usually poor, and the treatment choices include mastectomy or wide excision. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy produce varying results. We report a patient with primary angiosarcoma of the breast to further our understanding of the characteristics of this tumor and facilitate the correct diagnosis of breast angiosarcoma.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.287-291
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• 2019

Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein of the S100 family, mainly expressed by neutrophils and released during inflammation. FC became an increasingly useful tool both for gastroenterologists and for general practitioners for distinguishing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from irritable bowel syndrome. Increasing evidences support the use of this biomarker for diagnosis, follow-up and evaluation of response to therapy of several pediatric gastrointestinal diseases, ranging from IBD to nonspecific colitis and necrotizing enterocolitis. This article summarizes the current literature on the use of FC in clinical practice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.371-376
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• 2017

The caudal subnucleus of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (medullary dorsal horn; MDH) receives direct inputs from small diameter primary afferent fibers that predominantly transmit nociceptive information in the orofacial region. Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) is involved in persistent pain, primarily through spinal mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) system, a known generator of superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$), on membrane excitability in the rat MDH neurons. For this, we used patch clamp recording and confocal imaging. An application of X/XO ($300{\mu}M/30mU$) induced membrane depolarization and inward currents. When slices were pretreated with ROS scavengers, such as phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, X/XO-induced responses decreased. Fluorescence intensity in the DCF-DA and DHE-loaded MDH cells increased on the application of X/XO. An anion channel blocker, 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS), significantly decreased X/XO-induced depolarization. X/XO elicited an inward current associated with a linear current-voltage relationship that reversed near -40 mV. X/XO-induced depolarization reduced in the presence of $La^{3+}$, a nonselective cation channel (NSCC) blocker, and by lowering the external sodium concentration, indicating that membrane depolarization and inward current are induced by influx of $Na^+$ ions. In conclusion, X/XO-induced ROS modulate the membrane excitability of MDH neurons, which was related to the activation of NSCC.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.5.1-5.5
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• 2016

Background: This study clinically evaluated the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the temporomandibular disorder (TMD) treatment using Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). Methods: A total of 21 TMD patients were recruited to be treated with BTX-A injections on the bilateral masseter and temporalis muscles and were followed up by an oral and maxillofacial surgeon highly experienced in the TMD treatment. For each patient, diagnostic data gathering were conducted according to the RDC/TMD. Characteristic pain intensity, disability points, chronic pain grade, depression index, and grade of nonspecific physical symptoms were evaluated. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that more than half of the participants (85.7 %) had parafunctional oral habits such as bruxism or clenching. In comparison between pre- and post-treatment results, graded pain score, characteristic pain intensity, disability points, chronic pain grade, and grade of nonspecific physical symptoms showed statistically significant differences after the BTX-A injection therapy (p < 0.05). Most patients experienced collective decrease in clinical manifestations of TMD including pain relief and improved masticatory functions after the treatment. Conclusions: Within the limitation of our study, BTX-A injections in masticatory musculatures of TMD patients could be considered as a useful option for controlling complex TMD and helping its associated symptoms.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.456-466
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• 2000

Aquaperin 4 (AQP4) is the mercurial water channel expressed abundantly in brain, especially the region related with cerebrospinal fluid reabsorption and osmoregulation. The primary structure of AQP4 water channel was elucidated but the molecular mechanism of AQP4 channel regulation is still unknown. To investigate the possible regulation of AQP4 water channel by phosphorylation via various protein kinases, osmotic water permeability of AQP4 expressed in Xenopus oocytes was measured by videomicroscopy technique. Forskolin (10 $\mu$M) did not affect osmotic water permeability of oocytes injected with AQP4 cRNA, excluding the regulation of AQP4 water cnannel by protein kinase A. Osmotic water permeability (P아래첨자) of AQP4-expressed oocytes was ingibited by the pretreatmeat of BAPTA/AM (up to 500$\mu$M), an intracellular Ca윗첨자 chelator, and calmidazolium (100$\mu$M), a specific Ca윗첨자/calmodulin antagonist, in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of osmotic water permeability (P아래첨자) by the calmidazolium treatment was completely reversed by the addition of calyculin A (0.1$\mu$M), a nonspecific phosphatase inhibitor. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a protein kinase C activator, had biphasic effects on osmotic water permeability in AQP4 cRNA injected oocytes depending on its concentration; 21% increase by 100 nM PMA, 35% decrease by 1$\mu$M PMA. These effects were reversed with 2$\mu$M staurosporine, a nonspecific PKC inhibitor. These results suggest that phosphorylation of AQP4 water channel by Ca윗첨자/calmodulin kinase and protein kinase C might regulate the osmotic water permeability.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.473-481
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• 1999

Objectives: In recent days, the problem of odor pollution in community near Sihwa Industrial complex, Kynuggi Province is becoming of significant public concern. We have investigated the health effects of the Sihwa residents from odor pollution comparing with other less polluted areas. Methods: The Ansan and Kuri Cities were selected as control areas. The parents of the elementary and middle school students in these three areas were surveyed with structured questionnaire twice, Nov 1997 and Jure 1998 each. As a exposure index, the ambient air concentrations of five major air pollutants(particulates, $O_3,\;SO_2,\;NO_2$, CO) and subjective odor perception were used. We have focused health outcomes such as the prevalence of nonspecific irritant symptoms, respiratory disease among family members and the score of qualify of life(QOL). Results: Although the mean concentrations of major air pollutants except particulates were similar or lower in Sihwa than other areas, the odor perception rate and the monthly odor perception days were significantly higher. It suggested that odor producing chemical compounds are the major source of environmental pollution problem. There were higher prevalence rates of nonspecific irritant symptoms and respiratory disease among family members in Sihwa than other control areas. The QOL score was also lower in Sihwa. The odor perception proved to be a most important factor in reporting adverse health effects and lowering the QOL score. Conclusion: The residents living near Sihwa industrial complex were suffering from more adverse health symptoms and poorer QOL status than control areas. And it may be due to environmental odor pollution from industrial complex. Therefore, further research will be needed for monitoring of the responsible chemicals emitted from industries.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.248-256
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• 1996

The present study was performed to clone and express human poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) cDNA in E coli. For these purposes, the CDNA for human poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase, encoding the entire protein, was cloned into pGEM-7Zf(+). The resulting recombinant plasmid pPARS6.1 was restriction enzyme mapped and its identity was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The pPARS6. 1 contained full-length CDNA of human PARS and the nudeotide sequences were identical with those reported previously. The recombinant protein which migrated as a unique 120 kDa band on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, was identified as PARS by Southwestern blots using nick-translated DNA probes and by activity gels and activity blots using 32 P-NAD as a substrate for poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS). The signals corresponding to 120 and 98 kDa proteins were obtained following IPTG (0.4 mM) induction of the PARS cDNA cloned into Xba I-digested pGEM-7Zf(+) vector. Nonspecific signals corresponding to 45 and 38 kDa proteins were also shown in both IPTG-induced and noninduced cells. The nonspecific proteins may be products of incomplete translation or proteolytic products of intact PARS.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.242-246
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• 2000

Radiofrequency medial branch neurotomy is an effective way of controlling pain in the posterior compartment of the spine such as the facet joint, and the interspinous ligament. However, it is difficult to determine the exact location of the medial branch. Up until now we have relied on sensory response provoked by 50 Hz stimulation. The responses elicited using this method are quite subjective and can originate from sources other than the medial branch such as the periosteum, the intermediate or lateral branch. We need a confirmed indicator to locate the medial branch reliably. We applied 2 Hz stimulation under 0.4 volts to locate the medial branch and elicited a motor response. Twitching of multifidus and muscles around the SI joint was observed. The observation of these muscles provides a much more reliable method for confirmation of the medial branch. We have treated 45 chronic nonspecific low back pain patients using radiofrequency medial branch neurotomy with this method of confirming the medial branch.