• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1994

Suture microvascular anastomosis is time-consuming and tedious and demands long and continuous training. Techinique of anastomosis of microvessel was presented interrupted suture and continuous suture. Recently the unilink instrument system is created as a fast and simple method to achieve high patency rates without long and continuous training in the anastomosis of small vessels. The author experimentally studied the femoral artery of 20 mice(0.5-1.0mm, av. 0.7mm), the femoral vein of 20 mice(0.8-1.6mm, av. 1.2mm) after anastomosis with interrupted suture in 20 cases and continuous sutre in 20 cases. For the unilink apparatus we used the carotid arteries of 15 cases in 14 rabbits(1.0-1.6mm, av. 1.3mm) and facial veins of 12 cases in 14 rabbits(0.9mm-2.2mm, av. 1.5mm). A total of 27 arterial and venous anastomoses were performed. We examined the postoperative patency at immediate, 2 weeks, and 8 weeks. The results were as followings, 1. In the arterial anastomosis the rate of patency was 90%(18/20) in interrupted suture, 90%(18/20) in continuous suture and 93%(13/15) in unilink apparatus. In the venous anastomosis the rate of patency was 90%(18/20) in interrupted suture, 80%(16/20) in continuous suture and 100%(9/9) in unilink apparatus. 2. The mean time for completion of the arterial anastomosis were 12.2 minutes in interrupted suture group, 10.3 minutes in continouous suture group and 8.5 minutes in unillnk apparatus group. The mean time for completion of the venous anastomosis were 13.6 minutes in interrupted suture group, 11.0 minutes in continuous suture group and 6.2 minutes in unilink apparatus group. 3. At the histological examination of suture group, hyperplastic reaction of middle layer and subintimal hyperplasia were observed. In unilink apparatus group, the endothelium layer was continued and the thickness of vessel wall was decreased due to moderate atrophy of the media and mild degree of nonspecific chronic inflammation were seen around the unilink apparatus. 4. No significants was noticied in foreign body reaction among the interrupted, continuous and unilink apparatus group. 5. A case of the arterial anastomosis was released with acting out at 15 minutes after operation. 6. The important factors in the technical problems were accurate apposition of the cut vessel edges in suture group and the proper selection of the ring size and optimal fitting between two rings in unilink apparatus group. Even though the outer diamater of vessel in suture group was different from that in unilink apparatus group the unilink method provides a very safe, fast, and simple way to perform microvascular anastomoses especially in anastomosis of vein. But howerver suture was needed in vessels below 1 mm outer diamater. In that situation continuous suture was benefit than the interrupted suture in operation time.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2002

Effects of medicinal herb extract on nonspecific immune responses, hematology and disease resistance against Edwardsiella tarda in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were evaluated. Wormwood, Artemisia asiatica NAKAI and barrenwort, Epimedium koreanum NAKAI were mixed at a ratio of 7 : 3 (w/w) for 2-herbs extract and wormwood, barrenwort, Korean forsythia, Forsythia koreana NAKAI, chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum KITAMURA, peppermint, Mentha arvensis L. var, piperascens MALINV., great burnet, Snaguisorba afficinalis L., Lizard tail. Saururus chinensis BAILL., mulberry, Morus alba L., and star anise, Illicium varum HOOK, f, at the same weight for 9-herbs extract. Two-herbs of 9-herbs extract were prepared by heating after adding 10㎖ of distilled water per g of the herb mixtures. Fish (10.3$\pm$2.5g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with the 2-herbs or 9-herbs extract at the different concentrations of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1% per kg diet for 12 weeks. Lysozyme and bactericidal activities of serum, and hematological characteristics were examined during experimental period. After feeding test period, all experimental groups were challenged with E. tarda. Lysozyme activity from the fish fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% or 0.5% of 2-herbs extract was significantly higher than the control. But there was no difference both in bactericidal activity and hematology among each group. Sixty seven % of relative percent survival values (RPS) in the group fed the diet supplemented with 0.1% of 2-herbs was higher than the other group and the control. These results suggest that supplenmentation of 0.1% of 2-herbs extract to a commercial diet may enhance disease resistance in olive flounder. Although both 0.1% and 0.5% 9-herbs extract did not improve non-specific immune reponses, they could enhance disease resistance of 53% RPS, respectively.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-42
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• 1995

수은이 마우스의 세포성 및 체액성 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 밝히고자 실험을 통해 얻은 결과를 다음과 같이 요약하는 바이다. $10^{-2}mM$이상의 농도에서 수은은 시험관내의 마우스 비장세포에 대한 명백한 독성 작용(toxic effect)을 나타냈다. 수은에 의한 마우스 생존을(survival rate)은 0.8mg(per 100g body weight) 이하의 농도에서는 100%생존율을 나타냈으며, 0.9mg 이상의 농도에서는 5일 이내에 100% 치사율을 나타냈다. Subtoxic 농도의 수은 투여에 따른 Arthus 및 DTH반응의 결과는 $Arthus(T_3)$반응에 있어서 수은 투여군과 대조군 사이에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았던 반면, $T_{24},\;T_{48}$의 DTH반응은 수은 투여군이 대조군에 비하여 억제되었다. 수은 투여 마우스의 면양적혈구(SRBC)에 대한 항체반응을 측정한 결과 면양적혈구에 대한 총응집소가는 수은 투여 농도에 의존적으로 대조군의 값에 비해 억제되었다. 시험관 내에서 마이토젠에 대한 비장세포의 증식 반응은 수은 농도에 의존적으로 억제되었다. 수은 투여군의 IgE 생산은 농도 증가에 따라 $1.7\sim2.0$배의 수준으로 증가하였으며, $IgG_1$의 경우도 증가의 경향을 보였으나 대조군에 비해 큰 차는 아니었다. 이상의 결과를 살펴볼 때 수은 중독시 출현할 수 있는 면역반응의 변화로서, 초기에는 세포성 면역반응의 감소가 현저할 것으로 사료되나 중독이 진행됨에 따라 Ig농도의 상승을 제외한 체액성 면역반응의 전반적인 감소가 수반될 것으로 예측된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2004

The present study examined the effects of Taekunyukmijiwhang-tang (TV) on blood pressure and renal function in nitric oxide (NO)-dependent hypertensive rats. A phamacological inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for 4-6 weeks produces renal vasoconstriction, renal dysfunction, and progressive severe hypertension. Treatment of rats with NG-Nitro-L-arginie methylester (L-NAME) (100 mg/L, 6 weeks), which is a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, cause a sustained increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), along with the decrease in expression of ecNOS in the kidney and thoracic aorta. The expression of Na, K-ATPase α1 subunit in the kidney was also reduced in the L-NAME induced hypertensive rats group. The renal functional parameters including urine osmolality (Uosm), creatinine clearance (Ccr), which is an index of glomerular filtration (GFR) were decreased in rat with L-NAME induced hypertension. while solute-free water reabsoption (TcH₂O) was unchanged in all experimental group. However, the group combined treated with TV and L-NAME did not develop hypertension and expression of ecNOS in the aorta was restored. The expression of Na/sup +/, K/sup +/-ATpase α1 subunit in the kidney was markedly restored in L-NAME-induced hypertension rats by administration of TV along with the restoration of urinary volume (UV) and sodium excretion (UNaV), whlie Na/sup +/, K/sup +/-ATPase /β1 subunit was not altered. These results suggest that TV attenuates an increase in SSP in the L-NAME induced hypertension and restores partially renal function, which seems to be caused by up-regulation of expression of Na/sup +/, K/sup +/-ATPase α1 subunit in the kidney and ecNOS in thoracic aorta.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.245-254
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• 1988

유구낭미충(이하 낭미충)(Cysticercus cellulosae)에서 추출한 조항원으로 낭미충증(cysticercosis), 스파르가눔중(sparganosis) 및 포충중(hydatidosis) 환자 및 정상인 혈청내 IgG 항체와의 혈청학적 반응을 ELISA 및 EITB 방법으로 추적하였다. ELISA에서 낭미충의 조항원 단백은 스파르가눔중 환자 혈청과의 교차 반응도 보였고, 포충증 환자 혈청에 대해서는 낭미충 환자 혈청보다 오히려 높은 흡광도(O.D.)를 보였다. 낭미충 조항원을 SDS-PAGE로 전기영동한 결과 260 KDa∼22 KDa 범위에서 31개의 polypeptide band를 얻었으며 이 중 11개의 분획이 강한 염색성을 나타내었다. 낭미충 조항원과 낭미충중 환자 혈청과의 EITB 반응에서 22개의 항원대가 관찰되었으며 이 중 104 KDa, 82 KDa, 78 KDa 및 59 KDa는 모든 검사 혈청에서 인지되었다. 또 22개의 항원대 중 12개는 정상인 혈청에서도 반응이 관찰되어 교차반응하는 비특이성 항원 성분으로 해석되었다. 낭미충 조항원과 스파르가눔증 환자 혈청과의 반응에서 11개의 항원대가 인지되었으며 이 중 낭미충증 환자 혈청과 교차반응하는 9개의 항원대가 인지되었다. 나머지 163 KDa 및 131 KDa 항원대는 스파르가눔 환자에서만 동정되었다. 낭미충 조항원과 포충증 환자 혈청과의 반응에서는 21개의 항원대가 인지되었는데, 이 중 63 KDa는 포충증 환자에서만 인지되었고 나머지는 낭미충증 환자 혈청과 교차반응하는 항원대이었다. 한편 낭미충 조항원 중 104 KDa, 82 KDa, 72 KDa, 59 KDa및 34 KDa는 낭미충증, 스파르가눔증 및 포충중 환자와 정상인의 혈청에서도 모두 교차반응을 일으키는 항원이었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.307-313
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• 1994

We have previously shown that crude water extract of Euonymus alatus (EA) had strong prophylactic effect against chemically induced-and tumor cell implanted-cancer, and that the mechanisms responsible for its antitumor effects were due to nonspecific enhancement of the NK cell activities and the cell mediated immunity. However, it was unknown that any components of crude extract did work so, since it consisted of several components. In this paper, we fractionated the crude watar EA-extract into several fraction such as hexane-, ethylether-, ethyl acetate-, n-butanol- and water soluble-fraction, and screened the immune regulating activities of each fraction by the evaluation of lymphokine production and activated lymphocyte proliferation. As a result of the component fraction of EA-extract, it was found that n-butanol fraction was a potent immunostimulator, and the remained water soluble fraction also contained some stimulator, But, other fraction did not showed any remarkable effect. It is therefore suggested that EA-glycosides in n-butanol fraction may be new one of the potent biological response modifiers. The present study was also undertaken in an efforts to investigate the effects of elm-bark(EB, Ulmus clavidiana var japonica), which has been used for curing ulcer and inflammation as a folk medicine without any kind of experimental evidence to support this, on the cellular- and humoral-immune responses, lymphocyte function and NK cell activities in mice. Regardless of time and duration of EB-treatment, Arthus reaction and antibody response to SRBC were not modified by EB, but delayed hypersensitivity to SRBC was significantly enhanced only when EB was treated prior to SRBC-sensitization. EB slightly inhibited the proliferation responses of splenocytes to PHA-stimulation, but it significantly augmented the responses of these cells to S aureus Cowan 1 and Con A-activation, and these effects were manifested only when EB was added at culture initiation. EB did not influence Ig secretion of spleen cells but it significantly augmented the Con A-induced 1L 2 and MIF production of splenocytes. NK cell activities of splenocytes were markedly riled when effector cells were pretreated with EB and this augmentation was dine to the increase of binding affinity of effector cells to target cells and the target cell lytic activities of effector cells. These results led to the conclusion that EB triggers increase of cellular immune responses, such as delayed hypersensitivitiy, lymphokine production and NK cell activities. Also these results suggested that EB contains potent immune stimulants, which may provide the rational basis for their therapeutic use as one of the new biological response modifiers.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2014

유전성대사장애질환의 진단과 치료는 최근들어 비약적인 발전을 하고 있으며, 치료가 불가능하여 대증적인 치료만이 가능하였던 많은 병들이 치료가 가능하 여지고 있다. 이러한 사실은 비가역적인 후유증이 생기기전의 조기진단의 중요성을 더 크게 한다. 유전성 대사장애질환은 현재 밝혀진 것만 하더라도 수백 가지의 질병에 이르며, 가까운 미래에 그 수는 수천에 이를 것으로 전망되고 있다. 이와 같은 질병의 다양성과 그 증상 및 임상적발현의 다양성은 임상의들이 정확한 진단에 이르는데 크나큰 장애요인이 되고 있다. 신생아기와 영아기 초기의 임상적인 발현은 비특이적이지만 나이가 들어가면서 다양한 특징적인 증상을 나타내게 된다. 같은 질병일지라도 잔류효소농도(residual enzyme activity)가 거의 없는 경우에는 신생아기 또는 영아기 등 이른시기에 증상이 나타나지만 잔류효소농도가 어느 정도 남아 있는 경우에는 늦게 소아기 또는 성인기에 증상을 나타내며, 유기산이나 지방산대사이상의 경우에는 이화작용이 증가되는 스트레스상태에서 갑작스런 악화를 보일 수도 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 다양한 증상과 검사소견들을 정리하여 보고, 그러한 증상을 일으키는 주된 질병들을 정리하여 감별진단과 검사를 체계적으로 접근할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2001

MLS (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B) 항생제 내성인자 단백질인 Erm 단백질들은 아미노산 서열 중 그 동일성과 유사성이 높아 구조적으로도 동등한 단백질의 한 집단을 형성한다. 최근 X-ray crystallography에 의해 구조가 결정된 ErmC\` 및 ErmAM 단백질의 구조에 근거하여 ErmSF 단백질도 catalytic domain과 substrate binding domain으로 구분하였고 N-terminal end에 존재하는 catalytic domain의 대량생산을 다양한 pET 발현 vector를 사용하여 시도하였다. 그리고 catalytic domain을 coding하는 DNA 절편은 세 종류를 사용하였다: DNA 절편 1은 Met 1부터 Glu 186까지를 coding하고 DNA 절편 2는 Arg 60부터 Glu 186까지의 정보를 가진 DNA이고 DNA 절편 3은 Arg 60부터 Arg 240까지를 encoding하는 DNA이다. 사용된 다양한 발현 vector중에서 pET19b는 DNA 절편 3, pET23b는 DNA 절편 1과 2를 성공적으로 대량생산하였다. 그러나 대량생산된 catalytic domain들은 불용성 단백질 집합체인 inclusion body를 형성하였다. ErmSF catalytic domain들의 용해성 단백질의 생산을 위하여 chaperone GroESL과 Thioredoxin의 동시 발현 및 배양온도를 $22^{\circ}C$로 낮추어 시도했으나 대량 발현된 단백질의 용해에는 도움을 얻지 못하였다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 1979

암환자(癌患者)에서 세포성면역반응(細胞性免疫反應)이 대체적(大體的)으로 억제(抑制)되었다는 사실(事實)은 여러 항원(抗原)에 대(對)한 피부반응(皮膚反應)의 감소(減少), 임파구(淋巴球)의 mitogen에 대(對)한 임파아구형성반응저하(淋巴芽球形成反應低下) 및 임파구(淋巴球)와 면양적혈구(緬羊赤血球)(SRBC)와의 자연로젤형성(自然로젤形成)의 감소(減少) 등에 의(依)하여 구명(究明)되었다. 그러나 이와 같은 현상(現象)에 대(對)한 기전(機轉)의 설명(說明)은 많은 연구(硏究)에도 불구(不句)하고 아직 미흡(未洽)하다. 본(本) 실험(實驗)에서 저자(著者)는 간암(肝癌) 및 폐암환자(肺癌患者)로부터 무균적(無菌的)으로 채취(採取)한 복수(腹水) 및 늑막액(肋膜液)을 마우스에 SRBC로 면역(免疫)하기 2일전(日前), 항원조사(抗原注射)와 동시(同時) 또는 항원주사(抗原注射) 2일(日)에 투여(投與)하여 마우스의 SRBC에 대(對)한 세포성(細胞性) 및 체액성면역반응(體液性免疫反應)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 실험(實驗)하였다. 그 결과(結果) SRBC로 면역(免疫)하기 전(前)에 암성삼출액(癌性渗出液)을 투여(投與)받은 마우스군(群)의 면역반응(免疫反應)은 대조군(對照群)의 면역반응(免疫反應)에 비(比)하여 유의성(有意性)있는 감소(減少)를 보인데 비(比)하여, 암성삼출액(癌性渗出液)을 SRBC와 동시(同時) 및 항원주사(抗原注射) 후(後)에 투여(投與)받은 마우스군(群)의 면역반응(免疫反應)은 대조군(對照群)의 그것과 유의(有意)한 차이(差異)가 없었다. 따라서 이상(以上)의 본(本) 실험결과(實驗結果)는 암성삼출액(癌性渗出液)이 면역억제인자(免疫抑制因子)를 가지고 있으며 이 억제인자(抑制因子)는 면역계(免疫系)의 afferent arc을 억제(抑制)함을 강력(强力)히 시사(示唆)한 증거(證據)라고 사료(思料)된다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2015

Objectives: Correlations of the levels of the nonspecific inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and of the coagulation marker fibrinogen with the treatment period of wheel balanced cancer therapy were determined. Methods: Electronic charts of stage IV cancer patients hospitalized from February 1, 2008, to November 30, 2013, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients whose laboratory follow-up tests included at least two data points for at least one marker were included. Patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or having Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) levels exceeding 2 were excluded. Correlations of the markers with the length of treatment for treatment periods ${\geq}21$ and ${\leq}20$ days were determined by gender and whether or not surgery had been performed. Results: Analyses of the CRP and the ESR revealed a higher proportion of patients with stable marker levels than with increased or decreased levels. Also, only the ESR in female and the CRP in male groups had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels than with increased or decreased levels. The ${\geq}21$ day group had a higher proportion of patients with stable CRP and ESR levels than the ${\leq}20$ days group. Only the ESR in female and the CRP in male groups had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels in the ${\geq}21$ day than in the ${\leq}20$ day group. In addition, only the CRP in the surgery group and the ESR in the non-surgery group had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels in the ${\geq}21$ day group than in the ${\leq}20$ day group. Conclusion: For stage IV cancer patients at hospitals that offer Korean medicine, more than 21 days of long-term wheel balanced cancer therapy (WBCT) should help maintain the CRP and the ESR levels and should have a favorable effect on the survival rate.