• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.453-466
• /
• 2008

In order to examine the generation mechanism of long ocean waves along the west coast of Korea and to understand the amplification process of the long ocean waves, sea level, atmospheric pressure and wind data observed every minute from 2007 March 29 to 2007 April 1 were analyzed and onedimensional numerical ocean model experiments were performed. An atmospheric pressure jump propagated southeastward from Backryungdo to Yeonggwang along the west coast of Korea with speed of $13{\sim}27\;m/s$ between 2007 March 30 23:00 and 2007 April 1 1:30. Average magnitude of pressure jump was 4.2 hPa. As a moving atmospheric jump propagated from north to south along the coast, long ocean waves were generated and the sea level abnormally rose or fell at Anheung, Kunsan, Wido and Yeonggwang. Average amplitude of sea level rise (or fall) was about 113.6 cm. In a one-dimensional numerical ocean model, nonlinear shallow water equations were numerically integrated and a moving atmospheric pressure jump with traveling speed of 24 m/s was used as an external force. While the atmospheric pressure jump travels over 60 m depth ocean, a long ocean wave is generated. Because the propagation speed of the atmospheric jump is almost equal to that of the long ocean wave, Proudman resonance occurs and the long ocean wave amplifies. As the atmospheric pressure jump moves into the coastal area shallower than 60 m, the speed of the long ocean wave decreases and Proudman resonance effect decreases. However, the amplitude of the long ocean wave increases and wave length becomes shorter because of shoaling effect. When the long ocean wave hits the land boundary, amplitude of the long ocean wave drastically amplifies due to reflection. Data analysis and numerical experiments suggest that the southeastward propagation of an atmospheric pressure jump over the shallow ocean, which is a necessary condition for Proudaman resonance, generated the long ocean waves along the west coast of Korea on 2007 March 31 and the ocean waves amplified due to shoaling effect in the coastal area and reflection at the shore.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.371-382
• /
• 2011

We performed experiments using Aplysia neurons to identify the mechanism underlying the changes in the firing patterns in response to temperature changes. When the temperature was gradually increased from $11^{\circ}C$ to $31^{\circ}C$ the firing patterns changed sequentially from the silent state to beating, doublets, beating-chaos, bursting-chaos, square-wave bursting, and bursting-oscillation patterns. When the temperature was decreased over the same temperature range, these sequential changes in the firing patterns reappeared in reverse order. To simulate this entire range of spiking patterns we modified nonlinear differential equations that Chay and Lee made using temperature-dependent scaling factors. To refine the equations, we also analyzed the spike pattern changes in the presence of potassium channel blockers. Based on the solutions of these equations and potassium channel blocker experiments, we found that, as temperature increases, the maximum value of the potassium channel relaxation time constant, ${\tau}_n(t)$ increases, but the maximum value of the probabilities of openings for activation of the potassium channels, n(t) decreases. Accordingly, the voltage-dependent potassium current is likely to play a leading role in the temperature-dependent changes in the firing patterns in Aplysia neurons.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.80-86
• /
• 1994

자유수면을 항주하는 선박에 의하여 발생되는 비선형 조파현상을 해석하기 위한 수치해석법을 개발하였다. 유동은 비점성, 비압축성으로 가정하고 선체 및 자유수면 형상과 일치하는 좌표계의 생성을 위하여 타원형 편미분방정식을 수치해석하여 물체적합 좌표계를 생성하였으며 변환된 정규격자 물체적합 좌표계에 대한 Euler방정식을 유한차분법(Finite Difference Method)을 이용하여 계산하였다. 수치해석을 위하여 시간에 대한 미분항은 전진차분, 공간에 대한 미분항은 중심차분법으로 이산화하였고 대류항에는 수치계산의 안정을 위해 인위적인 소산(dissipation)항을 첨가하였다. 자유수면의 형상은 매 시간 단계마다 자유수면 경계조건들을 만족하도록 다시 계산되었고 격자점들은 자유수면형상의 변화에 적합하게 다시 생성되도록 하였으며 압력에 대한 Poisson방정식은 반복연산법에 의하여 풀고 그 결과를 이용하여 속도를 외삽하였다. 개발된 수치해석법의 검증을 위해 수식선형인 Wigley 모형에 대한 계산을 Fn=0.250-0.408에 대하여 수행하고, 그 결과를 실험 결과와 비교하여 잘 일치함을 보였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제29권5B호
• /
• pp.473-482
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 대부분이 수조실험에 의한 추정되어 온 해중의 방파제나 호안 등의 연직벽체에 작용하는 undular 및 turbulent bore에 의한 단파파력을 수치적으로 추정하기 위하여 Navier-Stokes운동방정식에 수면형상의 추적에 VOF법(Hirt and Nichols, 1981)을 채용하고 있는 CADMAS-SURF(CDIT, 2001)를 적용한다. 적용에서는 소스코드를 본 연구의 목적에 부합하도록 일부 수정하였다. 얻어진 원수치데이터에는 급격한 파력의 증감을 나타내는 스파이크현상이 강하게 표현되었으며, 이에 수치필터를 적용하여 5Hz 이상의 고주파수성분을 필터링하였다. 수치해석결과의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위하여 Matsutomi(1991) 및 Ramsden(1996)의 수조실험결과와 비교 검토하였으며, 이로부터 매우 좋은 일치성과 유용성을 확인할수 있었고, 단파성지진해일의 작용하에 있는 구조물의 설계에 도입될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 그리고, 본 2차원수조내에서 단파의 변형을 수위의 시 공간변화로부터 추정함과 동시에 전파속도의 변화특성을 나타내었다. 단파의 전파속도는 전파과정에서 변화되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.51-70
• /
• 1996

This study is generalization of the study of Miles[Physica 11D, 1984, pp.309-323]on the resonant motion of a spherical pendulum, which is equivalent to a particle on a spherical container subject to a linear, horizontal excitation. This study covers an arbitrary shape of container and a more general excitation (horizontal but elliptic motion). The averaging method is applied to reduce the governing equations to an autonomous system with cubic nonlinear terms, under the assumption of small amplitude of the container motion. It is shown that both the container shape and the excitation pattern affect the particle dynamics. Under the linear excitation, the anharmonic motion of the particle is possible only for a certain finite range of the parameter a controling the container shape. Stability of the particle's harmonic motion is also influenced by the excitation pattern; as the excitation trajectory becomes closer to a circle, the particle's motion has a stronger tendency to become stable and to follow the rotational direction of the excitation. Under a circular excitation, the motion is always stable and circular with the same rotational direction as the excitation. Analogy between the present model and that of the surface wave inside a circular is studied quantitatively.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2002

과거, 울진원전 부지의 지진해일에 대한 안전성 평가는 가상최대 지진규모와 그에 상응하는 단층 파라미터를 이용하여 수행되었으나. 최근 지진공백역 이론에 근거하여, 과거 평가 규모 이상의 지진발생 가능성이 지진학자들에 의하여 제기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선형·비선형천수방정식 기반의 유한차분법을 이용하여 지진해일 안전성을 재평가하였다. 먼저, '83년 지진해일을 모의하고 이를 동해안 임원항의 최고 범람 수위와 비교하였다. 다음으로 '83년, '93년 지진해일과 위험 단층으로 분류되고 있는 5개 지진공백역 단층에 대하여 울진원전부지 도수로에서의 수위 상승과 저하를 계산하여, 울진원전이 평가대상 단층으로 의한 지진해일 발생시에도 필요 냉각수의 취수가 가능함을 보였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.261-275
• /
• 2019

The main objective of this paper is to study the axial buckling and post-buckling of geometrically imperfect single-layer graphene sheets (GSs) under in-plane loading in the theoretical framework of the nonlocal strain gradient theory. To begin with, a graphene sheet is modeled by a two-dimensional plate subjected to simply supported ends, and supposed to have a small initial curvature. Then according to the Hamilton's principle, the nonlinear governing equations are derived with the aid of the classical plate theory and the von-karman nonlinearity theory. Subsequently, for providing a more accurate physical assessment with respect to the influence of respective parameters on the mechanical performances, the approximate analytical solutions are acquired via using a two-step perturbation method. Finally, the authors perform a detailed parametric study based on the solutions, including geometric imperfection, nonlocal parameters, strain gradient parameters and wave mode numbers, and then reaching a significant conclusion that both the size-dependent effect and a geometrical imperfection can't be ignored in analyzing GSs.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제74권5호
• /
• pp.679-698
• /
• 2020

In this paper, the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method is developed for dynamic analysis of non-symmetric nanocomposite cylindrical shell equations of elastic wave motion with nonlinear grading patterns under shock loading. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite cylinder are obtained based on a micro-mechanical model. In this study, four kinds of grading patterns are assumed for carbon nanotube mechanical properties. The displacements can be approximated using shape function so, the multiquadrics (MQ) Radial Basis Functions (RBF) are used as the shape function. In order to discretize the derived equations in time domains, the Newmark time approximation scheme with suitable time step is used. To demonstrate the accuracy of the present method for dynamic analysis, at the first a problem verifies with analytical solution and then the present method compares with the finite element method (FEM), finally, the present method verifies by using the element free Galerkin (EFG) method. The comparison shows the high capacity and accuracy of the present method in the dynamic analysis of cylindrical shells. The capability of the present method to dynamic analysis of non-symmetric nanocomposite cylindrical shell is demonstrated by dynamic analysis of the cylinder with different kinds of grading patterns and angle of nanocomposite reinforcements. The present method shows high accuracy, efficiency and capability to dynamic analysis of non-symmetric nanocomposite cylindrical shell, which it furnishes a ground for a more flexible design.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.101.2-101.2
• /
• 2012

Shocks are ubiquitous in astrophysical plasmas: bow shocks are formed by the interaction of solar wind with planetary magnetic fields, and supernova explosions and jets produce shocks in interstellar and intergalactic spaces. The global morphologies of these shocks are usually described by a set of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations which tacitly assumes local thermal equilibrium, and the resulting Rankine-Hugoniot shock jump conditions are applied to obtain the relationship between the upstream and downstream physical quantities. While thermal equilibrium can be achieved easily in collisional fluids, it is generally believed that collisions are infrequent in astrophysical settings. In fact, shock widths are much smaller than collisional mean free paths and a variety of kinetic phenomena are seen at the shock fronts according to in situ observations of planetary shocks. Hence, both the MHD and kinetic equations have been adopted in theoretical and numerical studies to describe different aspects of the physical phenomena associated with astrophysical shocks. In this paper, we present the results of 3D relativistic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations for ion-electron plasmas, with focus on the shock structures: when a jet propagates into an unmagnetized ambient plasma, a shock forms in the nonlinear stage of the Weibel instability. As the shock shows the structures that resemble those predicted in MHD systems, we compare the results with those predicted in the MHD shocks. We also discuss the thermalization processes of the upstream flows based on the time evolutions of the phase space and the velocity distribution, as well as the wave spectra analyses.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.135-143
• /
• 2008

본 연구에서는 진동대 실험을 통해 얻은 동적 데이터를 이용하여 TDL의 동적 비선형 특성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 현재까지 TDL의 설계는 액체의 비선형 거동이 나타남에도 불구하고 TMD 근사이론이나 선형파동이론과 같은 선형 거동을 가정으로 설계되어 지는 한계를 가지고 있다. 또한 조화하중과 같은 특정진동수에 지배되는 하중형태에 대한 TDL의 동적 비선형 특성이 규명되었지만 백색잡음과 같은 특정진동수 성분에 지배되지 않은 하중형태에 대한 TDL의 동적 비선형 특성은 아직까지 검증된 바가 없다. 본 논문은 백색잡음을 이용하여 가진 하중 크기에 따른 TDL의 동적 비선형 특성을 검토하여 설계 시 필요한 동조액체감쇠기의 감쇠비, 고유진동수비 및 유효질량비를 평가할 수 있는 산정식을 제안하였다.