• Composites Research
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2007

플랩을 갖는 복합재 평판날개에 대해서 유격 비선형성과 구동장치의 동적 강성을 고려하여 비선형 공탄성 해석을 수행하였다. DHM 방법을 사용하여 아음속 비정상 공기력을 계산하였으며 유격은 기술함수를 적용하여 이선형 스프링으로 가정하였다. 동적 강성을 기어시스템의 지배방정식으로부터 계산하고, 적층각과 재질에 따른 공탄성 특성을 살펴보았다. 선형 및 비선형 공탄성 해석 결과들은 플러터 특성이 유격과 동강성에 따라 크게 달라지는 것을 보여주었다. 다양한 형태의 제한주기거동이 선형플러터 속도 이전과 이후에서 관찰되었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.277-289
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• 2005

본 논문은 강사장교의 극한강도를 다루고 있다. 강사장교의 극한강도를 평가하기 위하여 비선형 비탄성 해석 접근법과 분기점 좌굴 고유치해석 접근법인 유효접선탄성계수$(E_f)$법을 사용하여 예제를 수행하였다. 이를 위하여 초기형상을 고려한 실용적인 비선형 비탄성 해석기법을 제시하였다. 초기형상 해석 시각 형상해석 단계마다 보-기둥 부재의 부재력 대신 개선된 구조물형상을 고려하였다. 보-기둥 부재의 기하학적 비선형은 안정함수를 사용하여 고려하였고, 재료적 비선형은 CRC 접선계수와 포물선 함수를 사용하여 고려하였다. 또한, 케이블 부재의 기하학적 비선형은 할선탄성계수 값을 사용하여 고려하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 해석기법으로 예측된 하중-변위 곡선들이 다른 연구에 의한 결과들과 비교 검증 되었으며, 제시된 3차원 강사장교 모델들에 대하여 제안한 해석기법과 비탄성 좌굴해석을 사용하여 극한강도를 비교하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.515-532
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• 2016

The elastoplastic response of functionally graded material (FGM) beams resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation to an eccentric axial load is investigated by using the finite element method. The FGM is assumed to be formed from ceramic and metal phases with their volume fraction vary in the thickness direction by a power-law function. A bilinear elastoplastic behavior is assumed for the metallic phase, and the effective elastoplastic properties of the FGM are evaluated by Tamura-Tomota-Ozawa (TTO) model. Based on the classical beam theory, a nonlinear finite beam element taking the shift in the neutral axis position into account is formulated and employed in the investigation. An incremental-iterative procedure in combination with the arc-length control method is employed in computing the equilibrium paths of the beams. The validation of the formulated element is confirmed by comparing the equilibrium paths obtained by using the present element and the one available in the literature. The numerical results show that the elastoplastic post-buckling of the FGM beams is unstable, and the post-buckling strength is higher for the beams associated with a higher ceramic content. Different from homogeneous beams, yielding in the FGM beam occurs in the layer near the ceramic layer before in the layer near metal surface. A parametric study is carried out to highlight the effect of the material distribution, foundation support and eccentric ratio on the elastoplastic response of the beams.

• 소음진동
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.900-907
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• 1998

Rubber materials are extensively used in various machine design application, mainly for vibration/shock/noise control devices. Over the years an enormous effort has been put into developing procedures to provide properties of rubber material for design function. However, there are still a lot of difficulties in the understanding of dynamic characteristics of the rubber components in compression. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of rubber materials for anti-vibration under compression were investigated. Dynamic and static tests for rubber material with 3 different hardness were performed. In dynamic tests, non-resonance method, impedance method, was used to obtain the complex modulus(storage modulus and loss factor) and the effects of static pre-strain on the dynamic characteristics were investigated. Also, a relation equation between linear dynamic and nonlinear static behavior of rubber material was discussed and its usefulness to predict their combined effects was investigated.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.104-111
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• 2006

The non-linear properties of rubber material which are described as strain energy function are important parameter to design and evaluate of rubber spring. These are determined by material tests which are uni-axial tension and bi-axial tension. The computer simulation using the nonlinear element analysis program executed to predict and evaluate the load capacity and stiffness for chevron spring. In order to investigate the heat-aging effects on the rubber material properties, the acceleration test were carried out. Compression set results changes as the threshold are used for assessment of the useful life and time to threshold value were plotted against reciprocal of absolute temperature to give the Arrhenius plot. By using the compression set test, several useful life prediction for rubber material were proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제66권1호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2018

This study investigates the response of functionally graded (FG) gas pipe under unsteady internal pressure and temperature. The pipe is proposed to be manufactured from FGMs rather than custom carbon steel, to reduce the erosion, corrosion, pressure surge and temperature variation effects caused by conveying of gases. The distribution of material graduations are obeying power and sigmoidal functions varying with the pipe thickness. The sigmoidal distribution is proposed for the 1st time in analysis of FG pipe structure. A Two-dimensional (2D) plane strain problem is proposed to model the pipe cross-section. The Fourier law is applied to describe the heat flux and temperature variation through the pipe thickness. The time variation of internal pressure is described by using exponential-harmonic function. The proposed problem is solved numerically by a two-dimensional (2D) plane strain finite element ABAQUS software. Nine-node isoparametric element is selected. The proposed model is verified with published results. The effects of material graduation, material function, temperature and internal pressures on the response of FG gas pipe are investigated. The coupled temperature and displacement FEM solution is used to find a solution for the stress displacement and temperature fields simultaneously because the thermal and mechanical solutions affected greatly by each other. The obtained results present the applicability of alternative FGM materials rather than classical A106Gr.B steel. According to proposed model and numerical results, the FGM pipe is more effective in natural gas application, especially in eliminating the corrosion, erosion and reduction of stresses.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제89권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2024

The present research delves into the analysis of nonlinear free and forced vibrations of porous functionally graded (FG) shallow shells reinforced with oblique stiffeners, which are embedded in a nonlinear elastic foundation (NEF) subjected to external excitation. Two distinct types of PFG shallow shells, characterized by even and uneven porosity distribution along the thickness direction, are considered in the research. In order to model the stiffeners, Lekhnitskii's smeared stiffeners technique is implemented. With the stress function and first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), the nonlinear model of the oblique stiffened shallow shells is established. The strain-displacement relationships for the system are derived via the FSDT and utilization of the von-Kármán's geometric assumptions. To discretize the nonlinear governing equations, the Galerkin method is employed. The model such developed allows analysis of the effects of the stiffeners with various angles as desired, in addition to the quantitative investigation on the influence of the surrounding nonlinear elastic foundations. To numerically solve the problem of vibrations, the 4th-order P-T method is used, as this method, known for its enhanced accuracy and reliability, proves to be an effective choice. The validation of the present research findings includes a comprehensive comparison with outcomes documented in existing literature. Additionally, a comparative analysis of the numerical results against those obtained using the 4th Runge-Kutta method is performed. The impact of stiffeners with varying angles and material parameters on the vibration characteristics of the present system is also explored. The researchers and engineers working in this field may use the results of this study as benchmarks in their design and research for the considered shell systems.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2018

An empirical and efficient method is presented for calculating the dynamic increase factor to amplify the applied loads on the affected bays of a steel frame structure with semi-rigid connections. The nonlinear static alternate path analysis is used to evaluate the dynamic responses. First, the polynomial models of the extended end plate and the top and seat connection are modified, and the proposed polynomial model of the flush end plate connection shows good agreement as compared with experimental results. Next, a beam model with nonlinear spring elements and plastic hinges is utilized to incorporate the combined effect of connection flexibility and material nonlinearity. A new step-by-step analysis procedure is established to obtain quickly the dynamic increase factor based on a combination of the pushdown analysis and nonlinear dynamic analysis. Finally, the modified dynamic increase factor equation, defined as a function of the maximum ratio value of energy demand to energy capacity of an affected beam, is derived by curve fitting data points generated by the different analysis cases with different column removal scenarios and five types of semi-rigid connections.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.827-838
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• 1994

많은 포장구조 거동 모델은 입상재료의 거동을 묘사하는 구성방정식에 의존하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비행장 포장의 입상재료 기층의 거동 예측을 위하여, 체적응력(bulk stress)과 팔면체 전단응력(octahedral shear stress)의 함수로 표시된 구성모델이 제안되었다. 이 모델의 특징은 비선형거동을 정확히 예측할 수 있고, 모델상수를 간단히 구할 수 있으며 전단효과에 의한 회복탄성계수의 감소현상을 나타낼 수 있다. 실내시험을 통하여 입상재료의 비선행 회복탄성거동을 관찰하였으며, 제안된 모델을 입증하기 위해 회복탄성계수를 측정하였다. 체적응력과 축차응력이 회복탄성계수의 변화에 가장 주요한 변수임이 관찰되었으며, 실내시험 결과 제안된 모델식에 의한 회복탄성계수의 예측치가 실측치와 잘 일치함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 제안된 모델식은 비행장 포장에서 일어날 수 있는 광범위한 응력조건하의 입상재료의 회복탄성거동을 잘 묘사할 수 있음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1998년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 용평리조트 타워콘도, 21-22 May 1998
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• pp.602-607
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• 1998

Rubber materials are extensively used in various machine design application, mainly for vibration/shock/noise control devices. Over the years an enormous effort has been put into developing procedures to provide properties of rubber material for design function. However, there are still a lot of difficulties in the understanding of dynamic characteristics of the rubber components in compression. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of rubber materials for anti-vibration under compression were investigated. Dynamic and static tests for rubber material with 3 different hardness were performed. In dynamic tests, non-resonance method, impedance method, was used to obtain the complex modulus (storage modulus and loss factor) and the effects of static pre-strain on the dynamic characteristics were investigated. Also, a relation equation between linear dynamic and nonlinear static behavior of rubber material was discussed and its usefulness to predict their combined effects was investigated.