• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.496-502
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 비선형적 다물체 시스템의 유한요소 해석프로그램인 DYMORE의 새로운 버전을 이용하여 압전 재료(piezoelectric)를 삽입한 능동 비틀림 로터(Active Twist Rotor)의 개별 블레이드 제어(Individual Blade Control)에 의한 로터 블레이드의 진동 감소 효과를 해석하고 이를 풍동실험 및 이전 버전의 DYMORE 결과와 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 로터 허브와 네 개의 블레이드만으로 구성된 단순한 로터시스템과 스워시 판, 피치링크 등을 모두 포함하는 개선된 로터시스템에 대한 해석이 각각 수행되었다. 사용된 실험 결과 자료들은 NASA Langley의 Transonic Dynamics Tunnel(TDT)에서 수행되었던 결과들을 사용하였다. 그 결과 새로운 버전의 DYMORE를 이용한 경우 실험값과는 여전히 차이가 있지만 이전 버전의 DYMORE를 통해 얻어진 수치해석 결과에 비해서 오차가 개선되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 개별 블레이드 제어 방식의 로터 시스템의 모델링을 수행하고 전진 비행 시의 진동 하중 감소 효과를 확인하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 한국의 서남해상에 건설예정인 해상풍력발전타워의 지지구조물로 고려되고 있는 세발구조와 자켓구조의 선박충돌 거동을 비선형동적해석을 통하여 비교·분석하였다. 이 구조물은 3MW용량의 풍력타워를 지지하기 위하여 설계되었다. 두 지지구조는 쉘요소를 이용하여 비선형 거동을 고려할 수 있도록 모델링하였고, 발전기를 포함하는 상부의 타워구조물은 탄성재료를 이용하여 보요소와 집중질량으로 모델링하였다. 전체 질량은 세발구조가 자켓구조에 비하여 약 1.66배 정도였다. 바지선과 상선을 충돌선박으로 선정하여 모델링하였다. 조수차의 조건을 고려하여 충돌선박의 충돌위치를 평균해수면의 상하로 3.5m변동하는 것으로 고려하였다. 또한 각 선박의 최소충돌속도(=2.6m/s)에서의 충돌에너지를 각각 4배까지 증가시키면서 충돌거동을 산정하였다. 해석결과 지지구조 충돌부위의 강성이 클수록 선박의 소성에너지 소산량이 상대적으로 증가하였다. 충돌조건에 따라 풍력타워의 변형은 진동에서 붕괴까지 발생하였다. 세발구조가 자켓구조에 비하여 큰 충돌저항력을 보였다. 이는 중앙부에 강성이 집중된 구조적 특성과 상대적으로 많은 강재의 사용량에 기인한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

점탄성감쇠기 (VED)를 건물의 내부에 가새의 형태로 설치하는 기존의 방법은 공간 이용에 제약이 되며, 내부 동선을 방해할 수 있다. 이러한 단점은 VED를 건물사이의 신축이음부 (신축줄눈)나 지진줄눈 사이에 설치함으로써 해결할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 신축이음부에 설치된 VED의 내진성능 향상 효과에 관하여 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 VED로 연결된 3자유도 구조물의 지진하중에 대한 각 설계 변수들의 효과를 파악하고, 제안된 방법의 실용성을 검토하였다. 이를 바탕으로 서로 다른 구조 시스템으로 설계된 5층 구조물을 VED로 연결하고 시간이력 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과에 따르면 인접한 구조물의 고유주기가 다르게 설계된 경우, VED로 연결된 구조물의 내진 성능을 상당히 향상할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.329-350
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• 2016

A parametric study was conducted to investigate the seismic deformation demands in terms of drift ratio, plastic base rotation and compression strain on rectangular wall members in frame-wall systems. The wall index defined as ratio of total wall area to the floor plan area was kept as variable in frame-wall models and its relation with the seismic demand at the base of the wall was investigated. The wall indexes of analyzed models are in the range of 0.2-2%. 4, 8 and 12-story frame-wall models were created. The seismic behavior of frame-wall models were calculated using nonlinear time-history analysis and design spectrum matched ground motion set. Analyses results revealed that the increased wall index led to significant reduction in the top and inter-story displacement demands especially for 4-story models. The calculated average inter-story drift decreased from 1.5% to 0.5% for 4-story models. The average drift ratio in 8- and 12-story models has changed from approximately 1.5% to 0.75%. As the wall index increases, the dispersion in the calculated drifts due to ground motion variability decreased considerably. This is mainly due to increase in the lateral stiffness of models that leads their fundamental period of vibration to fall into zone of the response spectra that has smaller dispersion for scaled ground motion data set. When walls were assessed according to plastic rotation limits defined in ASCE/SEI 41, it was seen that the walls in frame-wall systems with low wall index in the range of 0.2-0.6% could seldom survive the design earthquake without major damage. Concrete compressive strains calculated in all frame-wall structures were much higher than the limit allowed for design, ${\varepsilon}_c$=0.0035, so confinement is required at the boundaries. For rectangular walls above the wall index value of 1.0% nearly all walls assure at least life safety (LS) performance criteria. It is proposed that in the design of dual systems where frames and walls are connected by link and transverse beams, the minimum value of wall index should be greater than 0.6%, in order to prevent excessive damage to wall members.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.461-466
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• 2015

원자현미경(AFM)은 마이크로캔틸레버 끝단의 팁이 시료에 다가갈 때 발생하는 팁과 시료 표면 사이의 상호작용을 이용하여 시료의 다양한 특성들을 찾아내는 매우 유용한 도구이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 AFM 마이크로캔틸레버의 팁과 시료 사이의 상호작용력을 비선형 스프링을 이용하여 동일한 강성을 갖는 요소로 모델링 하였고 유한요소법을 이용하여 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션 결과를 적합직교분해법을 이용하여 분석함으로써 AFM 마이크로캔틸레버의 복잡한 동적 특성을 파악하였으며 이를 같은 방법으로 분석한 실험 결과와 비교하였다. 그 결과 팁과 시료 사이의 상호작용력을 효과적으로 모델링 할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였으며 이러한 상호작용력으로 인해 고차모드의 영향이 증가함을 확인하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.527-538
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• 2017

The evaluation of the loss-of-support conditions of frictional beam-to-column connections using simplified numerical models describing the transverse response of a portal-like structure is presented in this paper considering the effects of the seismic-hazard disaggregation. Real earthquake time histories selected from European Strong-motion Database (ESD) are used to show the effects of the seismic-hazard disaggregation on the beam loss-of-support conditions. Seismic events are classified according to different values of magnitudes, epicentral distances and soil conditions (stiff or soft soil) highlighting the importance of considering the characteristics of the seismic input in the assessment of the loss-of-support conditions of frictional beam-to-column connections. A rigid and an elastic model of a frame of a precast industrial building (2-DoF portal-like model) are presented and adopted to find the minimum required friction coefficient to avoid sliding. Then, the mean value of the minimum required friction coefficient with an epicentral distance bin of 10 km is calculated and fitted with a linear function depending on the logarithm of the epicentral distance. A complete parametric analysis varying the horizontal and vertical period of vibration of the structure is performed. Results show that the loss-of-support condition is strongly influenced by magnitude, epicentral distance and soil conditions determining the frequency content of the earthquake time histories and the correlation between the maxima of the horizontal and vertical components. Moreover, as expected, dynamic characteristics of the structure have also a strong influence. Finally, the effect of the column nonlinear behavior (i.e. formation of plastic hinges at the base) is analyzed showing that the connection and the column are a series system where the maximum force is limited by the element having the minimum strength. Two different longitudinal reinforcement ratios are analyzed demonstrating that the column strength variation changes the system response.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.8-14
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• 2016

This study describes the effect of the critical pressure ratio of a control valve on the performance of an air spring system composed of an air spring, auxiliary chamber, control valve and mass in order to suggest a more efficient design for an air spring system. The critical pressure ratio of the control valve is assumed to have a fixed value, but the critical pressure ratio of the control valve is known to have various values between 0.05 and 0.6, and the effect of the variation of the critical pressure ratio on the performance of the air spring system has not yet been reported. The analysis derives nonlinear and linear governing equations of the air spring system, including the critical pressure ratio of the control valve. This simulation study is presented to show that the impedance and transmissibility characteristics of the air spring system change due to variations in the critical pressure ratio of the control valve as well as its sonic conductance. As a result, the critical pressure ratio of the control valve should be maintained as large as possible to improve the vibration isolation characteristics of the air spring system.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.449-466
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• 2019

Cable-stayed bridges are attractive due to their beauty, reducing material consumption, less harm to the environment and so on, in comparison with other kinds of bridges. As a massive structure with long period and low damping (0.3 to 2%) under many dynamic loads, these bridges are susceptible to fatigue, serviceability disorder, damage or even collapse. Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is a suitable controlling system to reduce the vibrations and prevent the threats in such bridges. In this paper, Multi Tuned Mass Damper (MTMD) system is added to the Ahvaz cable stayed Bridge in Iran, to reduce its seismic vibrations. First, the bridge is modeled in SAP2000 followed with result verification. Dead and live loads and the moving loads have been assigned to the bridge. Then the finite element model is developed in OpenSees, with the goal of running a nonlinear time-history analysis. Three far-field and three near-field earthquake records are imposed to the model after scaling to the PGA of 0.25 g, 0.4 g, 0.55 g and 0.7 g. Two MTMD systems, passive and active, with the number of TMDs from 1 to 8, are placed in specific points of the main span of bridge, adding a total mass ratio of 1 to 10% to the bridge. The parameters of the TMDs are optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA). Also, the optimum force for active control is achieved by Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). The results showed that the maximum displacement of the center of the bridge main span reduced 33% and 48% respectively by adding passive and active MTMD systems. The RMS of displacement reduced 37% and 47%, the velocity 36% and 42% and also the base shear in pylons, 27% and 47%, respectively by adding passive and active systems, in the best cases.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.264-271
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• 2021

Raman spectroscopy is an equipment that is widely used for classifying chemicals in chemical defense operations. However, the classification performance of Raman spectrum may deteriorate due to dark current noise, background noise, spectral shift by vibration of equipment, spectral shift by pressure change, etc. In this paper, we compare the classification accuracy of various machine learning algorithms including k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, linear discriminant analysis, linear support vector machine, nonlinear support vector machine, and convolutional neural network under noisy and spectral shifted conditions. Experimental results show that convolutional neural network maintains a high classification accuracy of over 95 % despite noise and spectral shift. This implies that convolutional neural network can be an ideal classification algorithm in a real combat situation where there is a lot of noise and spectral shift.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.173-183
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• 2022

The galloping of iced conductors has long been a severe threat to the safety of overhead transmission lines. Compared with normal transmission lines, the ultra-high-voltage (UHV) transmission lines are more prone to galloping, and the damage caused is more severe. To control the galloping of UHV lines, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of galloping characteristics. In this paper, a large-span 1000-kV UHV transmission line in China is taken as a practical example where an 8-bundled conductor with D-shaped icing is adopted. Galerkin method is employed for the time history calculation. For the wind attack angle range of 0°~180°, the galloping amplitudes in vertical, horizontal, and torsional directions are calculated. Furthermore, the vibration frequencies and galloping shapes are analyzed for the most severe conditions. The results show that the wind at 0°~10° attack angles can induce large torsional displacement, and this range of attack angles is also most likely to occur in reality. The galloping with largest amplitudes in all three directions occurs at the attack angle of 170° where the incoming flow is at the non-iced side, due to the strong aerodynamic instability. In addition, with wind speed increasing, galloping modes with higher frequencies appear and make the galloping shape more complex, indicating strong nonlinear behavior. Based on the galloping amplitudes of three directions, the full range of wind attack angles are divided into five galloping regions of different severity levels. The results obtained can promote the understanding of galloping and provide a reference for the anti-galloping design of UHV transmission lines.