• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1999년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.7-11
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• 1999

Soil washing process being operated in ex-situ mode using surfactants could be appropriate one of the most effective one for remediation. The choice of surfactants has been considered most significantly to accomplish tile reduction of expenditure and the increase of efficiency. This study was carried out screening test and solubility, washing experiment, and surfactant sorption experiments for 18 kinds of surfactant obtained. Results from each surfactant's PSR obtained by the slope indicated that nonionic surfactants have much higher solubility for HOCs than anion surfactants for that. The washing experiment to find out a removal efficiency of each surfactant's TPH, LE1017 and LE1019 showed high removal efficiency. Through on the result of estimating the extent of adsorption of surfactants for soils, nonion surfactants showed higher adsorption to soils than anion surfactants.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2014

Silk has always been one of the most favored textile materials. Fully degummed silk fiber (i.e., silk fibers without sericin) shows better luster than raw silk fiber (with sericin); it is also softer. On the other hand, raw silk fiber feels cooler because of the presence of sericin, making it useful as a textile for the summer season. Recently, partially degummed silk has attracted researchers' attention because it provides better luster, feel, and dyeing properties. However, the partial degumming of silk is very difficult because it results in inhomogeneously degummed fiber. In the present study, silk yarns were degummed with surfactant aqueous solutions and the effects of each surfactant on the degumming ratio, crystallinity, and homogeneity of the degummed silk yarn were examined. The degumming ratio and crystallinity index of silk yarn varied depending on the type of surfactant. On the whole, anionic surfactants resulted in higher degumming ratios and better homogeneity than nonionic surfactants.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.1175-1183
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• 2001

Recently, a great attention has been paid to the ice thermal storage system for the purpose of energy saving and reduction in peak electrical demand. In the present study, it has been investigated the freezing behavior of several kinds of water solutions with nonionic surfactant. In order to prevent ice blockage in a cooled pipe, the amount and wall adhesion behavior of ice of the test fluids were observed experimentally under different concentration of water solution with surfactant, temperature of cooled wall, and the shear velocity of test fluids. The results showed that the size of ice crystal became smaller at higher shear velocity at wall. And the lowest limit of wall adhesion of ice in water solution with surfactant was found at 230 W/$m^2$ of heat flux.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

Nonionic sorbitan monostearate have been successfully prepared by esterification using 1,4-sorbitan and stearic acid. 1,4-sorbitan were prepared using D-sorbitol and acid catalyst at solvent-free conditions. The synthesized surfactants were characterized by NMR and FT-IR. We also investigated the effect of temperature, pressure and catalyst on the synthesis of nonionic sorbitan monostearate. The yields of 1,4-sorbitan were 90% at $160^{\circ}C$ under 160 mmHg vacuum, and the yields of nonionic sorbitan monostearate were 92% at $230^{\circ}C$ under 60 mmHg vacuum.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON SOIL & GROUNDWATER ENVIRONMENT
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• pp.145-146
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• 2005

• 약학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1977

Solubilization of cholesterol, its fatty acid esters and gallstones were undertaken employing nonionic, anionic and cationic surfactants. Cholesterol was effectively solubilized by all of these surfactants. Cationic surfactants were most effective. However, cholesteryl myristate was not solubilized at all. In the dissolution test of gallstones in surfactant solutions, cationic surfactant solutions were exceptionally effective in dissolving gallstones. These results suggest the possible existence of interaction between alkylammonium radical and cholesterol on micellar surface.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2011

In this work, we have investigated the effect of polyoxyethylene alkyl ester nonionic surfactants on percutaneous permeation enhancement of a model drug, ketoprofen. We also investigated the mechanism involved in the enhancement using impedance and solubility measurement. Three groups of nonionic surfactants with different ethylene oxide content were studied. The permeation results showed that all surfactants enhanced the percutaneous absorption, irrespective of the molecular weight. The permeation results from PEG-45 monostearate (PEGMS45) were rather unexpected. Impedance and solubility results indicate that the mechanism involved in the enhancement of permeation by PEG-10 monooleate (PEGMO10) and PEGMS45 is rather different. The results from PEGMS45 suggest that it could be a potential candidate as a skin penetration enhancer with high molecular weight, which may poses less skin irritation and systemic side effect than the smaller surfactant molecules. Overall, this work provided some useful information on percutaneous transport enhancement and the mechanistic insights involved in skin permeation for these nonionic surfactants.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.422-427
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• 2009

We have investigated the effects of polyols and NaCl on the rheological behaviours of surfactant mixtures. Sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), disodium cocoamphodiacetate (DSCA), cocamide DEA (CDEA) and lauroyl/myristoyl DEA (LMDE) were used as surfactants. The polyols added into the surfactant mixture were 1,3-butylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, sorbitol, dipropylene glycol, PEG 1500 and PEG 400. The addition of amphoteric surfactant to SLES aqueous solution lead to increase the height of foam and the viscosity of the system. The addition of nonionic surfactant, LMDE or CDEA to the SLES aqueous solution increased the viscosity and the effect of LMDE was better than that of CDEA. The effect of adding polyols and NaCl into the surfactant mixture aqueous solution lead to increase or decrease the viscosity of the systems depending on the concentration of NaCl and the kinds of polyols. These results can be explained through the salting in or salting out of surfactant of the systems.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.677-683
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• 2005

AEO계 비이온 계면활성제를 주체로 한 세정제 시스템에서 탄화수소 용제가 단일상의 마이크로에멀젼 형성 및 세정력에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 용제로 사용한 포화탄화수소의 사슬 길이가 길어질수록 마이크로에멀젼을 형성하는 온도 영역이 넓어졌으며, $35{\sim}60^{\circ}C$의 온도 조건에서 첨가한 보조계면활성제 조성에 상관없이 단일상의 ${\mu}E$이 존재하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 본 실험에서 사용한 탄화수소 중에서 사슬 길이가 가장 큰 헥사데칸을 용제로 사용할 경우, 보조계면활성제 이소프로판올을 첨가하지 않은 경우에도 단일상의 O/W ${\mu}E$이 넓은 온도 영역에 걸쳐서 존재하였다. 상평형 실험을 통하여 선정한 단일상의 마이크로에멀젼을 주체로 한 후보 세정제 시료들은 $40^{\circ}C$에서 abietic acid에 대한 우수한 세정력을 나타내는 것을 세정 실험을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 $C_{10}E_5$ 비이온 계면활성제 수용액과 비극성 탄화수소 오일 시스템에 대한 상평형 및 동적 거동 실험을 수행하였다. 온도를 증가시킴에 따라 oil in water (O/W) microemulsion (${\mu}E$)이 excess 오일상과 평형을 이루는 2상 영역으로부터 middle-phase ${\mu}E$이 excess water, excess 오일상과 각각 평형을 이루는 3상 영역을 거쳐서 water in oil (W/O)${\mu}E$이 excess 물상과 평형을 이루는 2상으로 전이되었다. 또한 탄화수소 오일의 사슬 길이가 증가할수록 상전이 온도가 증가하였다. O/W ${\mu}E$이 존재하는 낮은 온도 조건에서는 비극성 오일의 종류와 상관없이 오일이 계면활성제 마이셀에 의하여 가용화되어 시간에 따라 크기가 선형적으로 감소하였고, 가용화 속도는 탄화수소 오일의 사슬 길이를 증가시킴에 따라서 감소하였다. 한편 middle-phase ${\mu}E$을 포함한 3상이 형성되는 조건에서는 매우 낮은 계면장력으로 인하여 오일이 수용액 상에 빠른 속도로 가용화되었고 작은 drop 형태로 유화되었다. 반면에 W/O ${\mu}E$의 2상을 형성하는 온도에서는 과포화로 인하여 일어나는 자발적 유화 현상과 물과 계면활성제의 오일상으로의 확산으로 인한 오일의 크기 증가가 관찰되었다. 비극성 탄화수소 오일과 계면활성제 수용액 사이의 시간에 따른 계면장력을 $25^{\circ}C$에서 측정한 결과, 탄화수소 오일의 사슬 길이 증가에 따라 평형에서의 계면장력 값과 평형에 도달하는 데 소요되는 시간이 모두 증가하였다.