• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2009

젖소의 분만 전후기는 일반적으로 전환기라고 칭하며 분만후 유생산을 준비하기 위해 동물체내 대사 및 생리적 상태가 급격히 변화하는 시기라 할 수 있다. 젖소는 이 시기에 간조직에서 당신합성을 통해 유당합성을 위한 glucose의 생산을 촉진하고, 지방조직에서는 분만 전부터 지질을 축적하고 비유개시에 맞추어 혈중 NEFA (nonesterified fatty acid)의 농도를 증가시켜 유지방 합성을 준비 한다. 이러한 대사조절에 epinephrine 및 insulin이 조절 호르몬으로 작용하여 유생산을 위한 탄수화물 및 지질대사를 변화시키고 사료 섭취량의 부족에 기인한 전체 에너지의 감소를 체내 영양소의 재분배로 충족시킨다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.537-545
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the improvement effect of 5% (w/w) mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) on lipid composition and protein concentration in hyperlipidemic rats. Seven-week-old male (Sprague-Dawley) rats were divided into four groups (n=6, each), and fed experimental diets containing mung bean meal [basal diet+5% (w/w) mung bean (BM), basal-hyperlipidemic diet+5% (w/w) mung bean (BHM)], basal-hyperlipidemic diet (BH), and control (basal diet, BD). Lipid composition in the mung bean diet groups (BM and BHM) evidenced significant reductions in serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, cardiac risk factor, triglyceride, phospholipid, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, blood glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, and an elevation in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The serum albumin/globulin ratio was increased in mung bean diet-supplemented rats compared to that in hyperlipidemic rats (p < 0.05). Total calcium, phosphorus and potassium concentrations in sera were higher in the BM, BHM and BD groups than in the BH group. Concentrations of sodium and chlorine in sera were lower in the mung bean diet-supplemented groups than in the hyperlipidemic group. The in vivo experiments showed that ingestion of mung bean was effective in improving lipid composition, protein concentration, and blood glucose.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.659-664
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• 2012

The present experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of HMBi on the production performance and metabolism in dairy cows. Thirty multiparous Holstein dairy cows under similar conditions were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments; i) Control, a basal diet; ii) T1, a basal diet plus HMBi (0 g prepartum and 18 g postpartum); and iii) T2, a basal diet plus HMBi (10 g prepartum and 18 g postpartum). Treatments were initiated 21 d before expected calving and continued through 91 d postpartum. HMBi was top-dressed onto the total mixed ration of each cow. Treatments did not affect dry matter intake, plasma urea nitrogen, peak milk yield, days to peak milk yield, nonesterified fatty acid, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, glutamic oxalaetic transaminase, milk fat content, milk protein content, milk lactose content, and milk solid non-fat content. The milk composition yields were increased by the HMBi-supplemented treatment. The T1 and T2 treatments increased the yields of 4% fat-corrected milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, and milk lactose compared with the control. Although there was no difference in the milk composition of the control and T2-treated cows, the T2-treated cows exhibited higher milk fat yield (increased by 74 g/d), lower milk urea nitrogen (reduced by 3.41%), and plasma ${\beta}$-hydroxy butyrate than the control cows. The results indicate that HMBi supplementation to diet has beneficial effects, and that there is no difference between supplementation at prepartum and starting only at parturition.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.575-583
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• 2021

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of parity and the stage of lactation on the metabolic profile of cows based on the basic chemical milk components and the blood parameters. Methods: The study material consisted of high-yielding Holstein-Friesian cows. In total, 473 cows were examined. According to the parity, cows were divided into four groups: primiparous (P), and multiparous in the second (M2), in the third (M3), and in subsequent lactations (M4). The feeding of cows was based on total mixed ration (TMR) ad libitum. Milk and blood samples were collected individually from each cow three times per standard lactation period. Results: Greater exacerbation of changes in the dynamics of the blood plasma parameters examined was proved for multiparous cows. The highest value of β-hydroxybutyrate acid (0.946 mmol/L) was found for multiparous cows from group M3 at the beginning of lactation. However, it was still in the normal range. The results showed aspartate aminotransferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activities in dairy cows during lactation had significant variations taking in to account stage of lactation. The highest activity of GGT was found in the group of the oldest cows and measured from 26.36 U/L at the beginning of lactation to 48.75 U/L at the end of the lactation period. Conclusion: The time-related changes in the concentrations of the biochemical parameters described differ markedly among lactating cows, though the housing conditions on the research dairy farm are highly standardised. This indicates that the ability to cope with metabolic stress is mainly affected by the individual predispositions of cows and feed nutrient supply in different stage of lactation. Especially, the feed nutrient supply (in net energy for lactation), which was the best in TMR 1 in comparison TMR 3.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2010

젖소는 분만전후기에 당 및 지방대사를 조절하여 태아와 유선에서 요구하는 영양소를 충족하고자 한다. 이러한 대사적 적응과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 호르몬으로 insulin을 꼽을 수 있으며, 특히 지방조직에 작용하여 동물체내 필요한 에너지를 충족시키기 위해 지방산의 재배치를 촉진하고 분만전 말기에 insulin resistance를 야기시킨다. 분만전에 혈중 유리 지방산의 농도가 증가됨에 따라 insulin resistance가 발생하며 이것은 사료섭취량의 감소와 밀접한 관계가 있다. Insulin resistance을 완화시키는 물질로 $PPAR{\gamma}$ agoinst인 thiazolidinedione (TZD)는 분만전후기에 발생하는 대사성 질병의 발생을 억제하여 젖소의 건강 및 유생산 증가를 도모할 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.1096-1102
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• 2020

Objective: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Lonicera japonica extract (LJE) on milk production, rumen fermentation and blood biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress during the perinatal period of Holstein dairy cows. Methods: Eighteen Holstein dairy cows were used in a complete randomized design experiment with 3 dietary treatments and 6 cows per treatment. All cows received the same basal total mixed ration (TMR) including a prepartal diet (1.35 Mcal of net energy for lactation [NE_L]/kg of dry matter [DM], 13.23% crude protein [CP]) from -60 d to calving and a postpartal diet (1.61 Mcal of NE_L/kg of DM, 17.39% CP) from calving to 30 days in milk (DIM). The 3 dietary treatments were TMR supplemented with LJE at 0 (control), 1 and 2 g/kg DM, respectively. LJE was offered from 21 d before calving to 30 DIM. Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were measured daily after calving. Milk and rumen fluid samples were collected on 29 and 30 d after calving. On -10, 4, 14, and 30 d relative to calving, blood samples were collected to analyze the biomarkers of energy metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Results: Compared with control diet, LJE supplementation at 1 and 2 g/kg DM increased DMI, milk yield and reduced milk somatic cell count. LJE supplementation also decreased the concentrations of blood biomarkers of pro-inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, and haptoglobin), energy metabolism (nonesterified fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyric acid) and oxidative stress (reactive oxygen metabolites), meanwhile increased the total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase concentrations in blood. No differences were observed in rumen pH, volatile fatty acid, and ammonia-N (NH₃-N) concentrations between LJE supplemented diets and the control diet. Conclusion: Supplementation with 1 and 2 g LJE/kg DM could increase DMI, improve lactation performance, and enhance anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of dairy cows during perinatal period.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.685-691
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary copper (Cu) on performance, carcass characteristics and lipid metabolism in lambs. Fifty DorperMongolia wether lambs (approximately 3 month of age; 23.80.6 kg of body weight) were housed in individual pens and were assigned randomly to one of five treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) control (no supplemental Cu), 2) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu-lysine, 3) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from Cu-lysine, 4) 10 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic copper chloride (Cu2(OH)3Cl; TBCC), 5) 20 mg Cu/kg DM from tribasic copper chloride. The Cu concentration was 6.74 mg/kg DM in the basal diet. Body weight was measured on two consecutive days at the start and the end of the 60-day experimental period. Blood samples were collected and then the lambs were slaughtered on d 60. Performance was not affected (p>0.05) by dietary Cu treatment. Cu-supplemented and control lambs had similar hot carcass weight, dressing percentage and longissimus muscle area, but Cu supplementation, regardless of source and level, reduced (p<0.01) 12th rib backfat and kidney fat in lambs. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) and serum triglyceride concentrations were increased (p<0.05), total cholesterol concentrations were decreased (p<0.05) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations tended to be increased (p<0.07) by Cu supplementation. However, Serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were not affected (p>0.05) by dietary treatment. Fatty acid profile of longissimus muscle was similar across treatments. These results indicate that Cu-lysine and TBCC are of similar availability in lambs. Cu supplementation given to DorperMongolia wether lambs altered lipid metabolism. The reduction in backfat depth may be due to copper altering TNF- metabolism in lambs. Supplementation of 10 or 20 mg Cu/kg DM showed similar effects on lipid metabolism in lambs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to understand changes of plasma metabolites, hormones, and mRNA level of cytoplasmic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK-C) in liver in spontaneous clinical ketosis; 10 clinically ketotic cows and 10 healthy cows were chosen from the same dairy farm. Eleven blood parameters and liver fat content were measured in all cows, and mRNA levels of PEPCK-C in liver were measured by semi-quantitative reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In ketotic cows, concentration of plasma glucose decreased (p<0.01), concentration of plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and $\beta$-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) increased (p<0.01), liver fat content (18.8% wet weight) and activity of plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased (p<0.01), but concentration of plasma total bilirubin (TBIL), $\gamma$-glutamyl transpeptidase ($\gamma$-GT), and cholinesterase (CHE) increased (p>0.05). In addition, concentration of plasma insulin decreased (p<0.05), concentration of plasma glucagons decreased (p>0.05), and mRNA level of PEPCK-C in liver increased (p<0.05). It is concluded that the adaptative changes of metabolites, hormones, and mRNA level of PEPCK-C in ketotic cows were in favor of the enhancement of gluconeogenesis, the decrease of fat mobilization and the relief of ketosis, but these were still inadequate to relieve ketosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권11호
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• pp.1513-1520
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• 2009

Forty-six Holstein heifers were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 1 of 2 treatments to evaluate the effects of 2 diets varying in ruminal fermentable carbohydrate sources, namely ground corn (GC) and rolled wheat (RW), on metabolism and performance of primiparous cows in the periparturient period. The heifers were fed diets as a total mixed ration (TMR) with similar energy and crude protein content including i) 18.57% GC, or ii) 18.57% RW from -24.13${\pm}$7.73 d relative to expected calving until calving. After calving, all animals received the same lactation diet until 28 d. Animals were group fed from the beginning of the study to -7 d relative to expected calving, fed individually from d -7 to 7 days in milk (DIM), and again group fed to 28 DIM. The pre-partum diets affected (p<0.05) dry matter intake (DMI), energy intake, energy balance (EB) and urinary pH during the last week pre-partum. There was no effect of pre-partum carbohydrate source on overall plasma concentration of glucose, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), albumin, triglyceride (TG), cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), insulin, and cortisol during the periparturient period. Cows fed the RW diet during the pre-partum period had greater calcium for the first week (p<0.05) and during 28 d (p = 0.08) of lactation compared with heifers fed the GC diet. Primiparous cows fed the RW diet produced greater milk protein content and yield (p<0.05). Primiparous cows fed the RW diet had lower milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and somatic cell count (SCC) than cows fed the GC diet (p<0.05). The results of this study show that feeding pre-partum diets with a rapidly fermentable source of starch but low energy content can improve animal metabolism and performance and smooth the transition of primiparous Holstein cows from gestation to lactation.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1220-1226
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• 2001

볶음처리한 치커리 뿌리 추출물을 식이 중에 5% 수준으로 첨가하여 SD계 횐쥐에 2주간 섭취시켜 지질대사 및 산화스트레스에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 체중 증가량, 식이 섭취량 및 간장, 심장, 비장조직의 상대적 조직중량은 치커리 첨가군에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 정상군에 비해 콜레스테롤군에서 현저히 증가하였고, 이러한 증가는 치커리 첨가에 의해 유의한 감소효과를 나타내었다. 그러나, 혈청 중성지질, 인지질 및 유리지방산 농도는 각군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 간장 중성지질 및 콜레스테롤 농도는 정상군에 비해 콜레스테롤 첨가군들에서 유의하게 증가하고, 인지질 농도는 반대로 감소하였다 치커리 섭취에 의 혈청 총 콜레스테롤 농도의 감소 기작으로는 분변중으로의 콜레스테롤 및 담즙산 분비 증가가 시사되었다. 혈당치는 치커리 첨가군에서 증가하였다. 생체내 산화적 스트레스의 지표인 과산화지질 농도는 각군간에 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않은 반면 뇨중의 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine 농도는 1주째에는 각 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 2주 째에는 치커리 첨가군에서 유의한 감소효과가 나타났다. 본 실험에서 볶음 치커리 뿌리의 수용성 추출물은 흰쥐의 혈청 콜레스테롤 농도 저하 효과를 가지는 동시에 생체내 산화적 스트레스를 억제시킬 수 있는 가능성을 시사하였다.