• 한국포장학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2021

The foreign trends of noncompliance occurring frequently in food contact materials during the period of 2011-2019 was investigated by analyzing the food safety risk information DB in the National Food Safety Information Service (NFSI). A total of 2,042 cases of noncompliance of food utensils, containers, and packages were classified into 5 violation categories; administrative procedures, manufacturing and processing standards, residues and migration standards, labeling and advertising, and quality standards. This was again subcategorized according to non-compliance causative factors. The non-compliances in residues and migration standards comprised the largest proportion (76.4%) of the violative categories. The number of noncompliance information collected in 2011 was 88 cases and increased to 373 cases in 2019. A 72.8% of the non-compliance case was identified to be products of 4 countries (China 64.2%, Germany 4.0%, Japan 3.2%, and Taiwan 3.1%), those produce large quantities of containers and packaging products. During the period of 2011-2019, the number of illegal use of hazardous materials and illegal recycling of waste synthetic resins has decreased to less than one a year since 2014. On the other hand, after 2016, inconsistency of heat-resisting temperature labeling (Taiwan), non-compliance in paper container's strength standards, violation of printing standards, and the risk of consumer injury while using the products were newly reported due to the strengthening of consumer safety protection regulations. Migration of hazardous substances in synthetic polymer products such as heavy metals, melamine and formaldehyde in melamine tableware, primary aromatic amines which are colorant components in kitchenware such as ladles and spatulas, and phthalate plasticizers have been continuously reported with high frequency.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.578-584
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• 2011

Compliance with food group and nutrient recommendations, and self-efficacy, stage of change, perceived barriers and benefits for healthy eating were assessed among a convenience sample of college students majoring in health-related disciplines. Dietary and psychosocial data were collected using three-day food records and scales, respectively. Means (SD), frequencies, and percents were calculated on all data, and logistic regressions were used to determine whether any of the psychosocial correlates predicted the stage of change for healthy eating. Noncompliance with food group recommendations ranged from 53% for the meat/meat alternates group to 93% for the vegetables/juice group, whereas noncompliance with nutrient recommendations ranged from 26% for cholesterol to 99% for potassium. A majority of students (57%) self-classified in the preaction and 40% in the action stages of change for eating healthy. The students' self-efficacy to eat healthy was highest in positive/social situations and lowest when experiencing emotional upset. The most important perceived barrier to healthy eating was that friends/roommates do not like to eat healthy foods, and the most important perceived benefit was that eating healthy foods provides the body with adequate nutrients. The difficult/inconvenient self-efficacy subscale predicted the stage of change for healthy eating. These students would benefit from interactive learning opportunities that teach how to purchase and prepare more whole grain foods, fruits, and vegetables, enhance their self-efficacy for making healthy food choices when experiencing negative emotions, and overcome perceived barriers to healthy eating.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2005

Purpose: Purpose of the this study is to define the hemodialysis treatment-related stressors and stress coping methods in hemodialysis noncompliant patients. Method: Hemodialysis treatment-related stressors scale and stress coping style scale were used with 178 patients that received continuous hemodialysis treatment, met the noncompliance criteria. Collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS 12.0 program. Result: In hemodialysis noncompliant patients, Psychosocial stress were higher than physical stress, 'aesthetic thinking' was the most used. As recognition of health status was lower, hemodialysis treatment-related stressors were higher. In terms of causative disease, 'hypertension' pt used more 'problem-focus coping' and 'social support pursuit' than the other groups. As subjective recognition level of health status was higher, 'problem-focus coping' and 'social support pursuit' were more used. It was showed positive correlation between psychosocial stressors and 'aesthetic thinking'. Conclusion: Hemodialysis noncompliant patients had high psychosocial stress, accordingly, used 'aesthetic coping'. It means that they has negative coping to disease and hemodialysis treatment. Therefore, Nurses need to manage psychosocial aspects, which influence on noncompliant behaviors.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2002

In order to evaluate the factors related to therapeutic compliance of hypertensive patients in small and medium scale industry, the questionnaire survey and the blood pressure measurement were performed on 138 hypertensive patients who were reported to have C or $D_2$ result of hypertension at the workers' periodic health examination from March to November 2001. The contents of questionnaire included the informations of factors related to therapeutic compliance of hypertensive patients such as, age, sex, marital status, income, education levels, scale, occupation, work duration, smoking and drinking habits, exercise, family history, stress and A type personality, employer's concern, organizational culture, health status, awareness, knowledge and attitude toward the needs of hypertension treatment, and experience of health education. The results of the study were as follows: 1. The proportion of those who were compliant to the treatment of hypertension was 41.3% of subjects. Among small scale industry less than 50 employees, the rate of therapeutic compliance group was 27.5% and therapeutic noncompliance group was 72.5%. Among medium scale industry more than 50 employees, the rate of therapeutic compliance group was 60.3% and therapeutic noncompliance group was 39.7%. 2. Among therapeutic noncompliance group, 95.1% of patients were aware of the fact that workers have hypertension, and 77.8% of patients got 6-10 marks of hypertension related knowledge. For health education, 27.2% were experienced and 34.6% said no intention to participate. And for hypertension treatment, 9.9% said no need to get the treatment and 44.4% said have no idea whether get treatment or not. 3. The significant factors related to therapeutic compliance of hypertensive patients in small scale industry were work duration, A type personality(anger), health status, attitude toward the needs of hypertension treatment, and experience of health education. 4. The significant factors related to therapeutic compliance of hypertensive patients in medium scale industry were age, occupation, subjective symptom, attitude toward the needs of hypertension treatment, and experience of health education. In consideration of above findings, it was suggested that in order to improve the therapeutic compliance in small and medium scale industry hypertensives, it be necessary to change attitude, perception, knowledge and treatment of hypertension by various methods such as effective health education and individually consulting programs by occupational health professional.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.250-259
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• 2010

상악 구치의 후방이동을 위한 구강 내 장치 중 환자의 협조를 필요로 하지 않는 방법은 제II급 부정교합의 개선에 성공적으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구는 스크류에 의해 지지되는 구강 내 후방이동 장치를 소개하고 그 효율성을 조사하고자 하였다. Angle Class II 부정교합으로 진단된 21명의 환자(여자 11명, 남자 10명; 평균 연령 14.9세)를 대상으로 하였다. 2개의 스크류를 incisive foramen 후방에 식립하고, 식립한 즉시 힘을 주어 상악 제1대구치의 후방이동에 사용하였다. 상악 구치를 후방이동시켜 제I급 구치관계를 얻기 위해 스크류에 의해 지지되는 구강 내 후방이동 장치를 사용하였다. 치료 전후 측모두부 방사선 사진과 3차원 모델 분석을 통해 골격 및 치아의 변화를 평가하였다. 연구결과 상악 구치는 평균 3.95 mm 후방이동하였고, 추가적인 고정원 소실 없이 제I급 구치관계를 확립하였다. 상악 대구치는 $1.49^{\circ}$ 후방경사 되었고, 회전된 정도는 좌우 각각 $0.74^{\circ}$, $0.54^{\circ}$으로 통계적으로 유의성 있는 변화를 보이지 않았다 (p > 0.05). 새롭게 고안된 장치는 스크류에 의해 지지되어 환자의 협조도를 요하지 않으며 특별한 고정원 소실 없이 구치의 치체이동을 통한 후방이동을 얻는 데 효과적인 것으로 판단된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.226-233
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• 2017

이 연구는 입퇴원을 반복하는 치료 미순응 노인 당뇨병 환자들의 퇴원 후 자가 관리 수준을 파악하기 위하여 실시하였다. 일개 종합병원에서 고혈당으로 최근 1년 이내에 2회 이상 입원 치료받은 65세 이상 노인 당뇨병 환자 15명을 대상으로 2015년 11월 1일부터 2016년 3월 1일까지 심층 면담을 통한 질적 연구를 수행하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 연구 대상자들은 당뇨병 관련 지식 중 발병원인과 증상에 대한 지식수준이 낮았다. 혈당 측정은 불규칙적으로 하거나 하지 않고 있었고, 가정에 혈당기가 없어 측정을 하지 못하는 경우도 있었다. 일상생활 중 가족들로부터 스트레스를 많이 받고 있었고, 노령으로 인하여 신체 활동에 제한이 많았으며, 뇌졸중의 후유증과 근골격계 질환 등의 문제들로 운동을 거의 못하고 있었다. 규칙적인 식사도 거의 이뤄지지 않고 있었으며, 당뇨병 자가관리 교육은 받을 필요가 없다고 생각하거나 거동 불편으로 받지 못하고 있었다. 자가 혈당 측정 행위 저조, 가족으로부터의 심리적 압박, 퇴원 후 교육 기회 부재 등이 당뇨병자가 관리와 관련된 두드러진 문제점들이었다. 따라서 치료 미순응 노인 당뇨병 환자들의 자가관리 수준을 높이기 위해서는 환자와 가족을 포함하는 맞춤형 교육 프로그램을 개발하고, 교육참여 기회를 보장하여 자가 관리의 중요성과 기술습득을 통하여 자가 관리를 실천하게 하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.459-471
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• 2023

뱀장어 생산단계 안전성조사 부적합여부에 영향을 미치는 특성변수를 베이지안 네트워크(BN) 모델을 적용하여 분석하였다. 2012년부터 2021년까지의 통합식품안전정보망(IFSIN)의 뱀장어 생산단계 안전성조사 데이터에 양식장의 HACCP 정보, 지리적 정보 및 용수환경 데이터를 연계하여 BN 모델을 수립하였다. 뱀장어의 부적합여부에 영향을 주는 특성변수로 양식장의 HACCP 인증여부, 양식장의 이전 5년간 검사대상 유해물질의 검출여부, 해당 양식장의 이전 5년간 부적합적발이력, 사용되는 용수환경의 적정성이 제안되었으며, 이때 용수환경의 적정성은 총대장균군과 총유기탄소량으로부터 산출되었다. 뱀장어 부적합이 발생할 확률이 가장 높은 경우는 지난 5년간 검사대상 유해물질의 검출이력이 있으면서 동시에 부적합 적발 이력이 있는 HACCP 인증을 받지 않은 양식장으로서, 용수환경도 총대장균군 또는 총유기탄소가 높아 오염이 의심되는 용수를 사용하는 경우로 이때 부적합이 발생할 확률은 24.5%로 뱀장어 생산단계 안전성 조사 시 부적합률인 0.26%의 94배 높았다. 2022년 1월부터 8월까지 뱀장어 양식장 안전성조사 결과를 시험용 데이터세트(6,785건 중 부적합 15건)로 하여 BN 모델의 적정성을 검토하였다. 영향강도가 높았던 설명변수인 HACCP, 검출이력, 부적합이력으로 구성한 BN 모델을 시험용 데이터세트에 적용한 결과 부적합일 확률이 15.8%로 시험용데이터의 부적합률인 0.22%의 약 71.4배 개선할 수 있었다. 그러나 이 모델의 재현율은 0.2에 머물렀는데, 이는 특히 부적합항목인 유해물질의 기준·규격이 신설되어 해당 양식장에서 검사기록이 없는 경우와, 매우 드물게 발생하여 10년 동안 검출이력이 없어 학습데이터세트에는 없는 경우이었다. 베이지안 네트워크를 적용하여 부적합확률이 높은 생산단계 안전성 조사대상을 선정하게 되면 설명변수별로 시나리오에 따라 부적합확률을 설명가능하게 되어 다른 머신러닝 알고리즘을 적용하는 경우 지적되어온 설명불가능이라는 문제점을 해소할 수 있으며, 향후 안전성조사 데이터 축적 시 용이하게 모델 업데이트가 가능하며 이를 통해 모델의 예측성능개선도 기대할 수 있다는 장점이 있다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회 3차
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• pp.61-65
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• 2010

The performance of slopes during earthquake is often accessed in terms of permanent deformation. In the assessment of permanent deformation, Newmark-type rigid block analysis is widely used. Original Newmark-type block approach, however, assumes the potential sliding mass to be rigid, and has been criticized to be potentially unconservative. The paper reviews analytically the impact of this noncompliance assumption on computed permanent deformations. The results indicate that there is a simple criterion that can be used to determine the level of conservativeness of the rigid block approach in cases of gently-sloping slip surfaces and retaining walls.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.299-309
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• 2022

Human factor represents a very challenging issue to organizations. Human factor is responsible for many cybersecurity incidents by noncompliance with the organization security policies. In this paper we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature to identify strategies to address human factor. Security awareness, training and education program is the main strategy to address human factor. Scholars have consistently argued that importance of security awareness to prevent incidents from human behavior.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

Background: During the period 2001 to 2016, the maximum temperatures in Thailand rose from 38-41℃ to 42-44℃. The current occupational heat exposure standard of Thailand issued in 2006 is based on wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) defined for three workload levels without a work-rest regimen. This study examined whether the present standard still protects most workers. Methods: The sample comprised 168 heat acclimatized workers (90 in construction sites, 78 in foundries). Heart rate and auditory canal temperature were recorded continuously for 2 hours. Workplace WBGT, relative humidity, and wind velocity were monitored, and the participants' workloads were estimated. Heat-related symptoms and signs were collected by a questionnaire. Results: Only 55% of the participants worked in workplaces complying with the heat standard. Of them, 79% had auditory canal temperature ≤ 38.5℃, compared with only 58% in noncompliant workplaces. 18% and 43% of the workers in compliant and noncompliant workplaces, respectively, had symptoms from heat stress, the trend being similar across all workload levels. An increase of one degree (C) in WBGT was associated with a 1.85-fold increase (95% confidence interval: 1.44-2.48) in odds for having symptoms. Conclusion: Compliance with the current occupational heat standard protects 4/5 of the workers, whereas noncompliance reduces this proportion to one half. The reasons for noncompliance include the gaps and ambiguities in the law. The law should specify work/rest schedules; outdoor work should be identified as an occupational heat hazard; and the staff should include occupational personnel to manage heat stress in establishments involving heat exposure.