• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.582-582
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to apply the photoplethsmography(PPG) as a non-invasive tool to evaluate the blood flow of the anterior tooth in clinic. The system consist of two light-emitting diodes(LED) powered by 5V as the light source. The LED was designed to two weve lengths, 940(infrared) and 660(red)nm simultaneously with a 36nm bandwidth at half the peak intensity. The 54 anterior vital tooth were examined and the measured was analysed in frequency domian (power spectrum).(omitted)

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.12spc
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• pp.648-656
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• 2021

Color digital images are used in many multimedia applications and in many vital applications. Some of these applications require excellent protection for these images because they are confidential or may contain confidential data. In this paper, a new method of data cryptography is introduced, tested, and implemented. It will be shown how this method will increase the security level and the throughput of the data cryptography process. The proposed method will use a secret image_key to generate necessary private keys for each byte of the data block. The proposed method will be compared with other standard methods of data cryptography to show how it will meet the requirements of excellent cryptography, by achieving the objectives: Confidentiality, Integrity, Non-repudiation, and Authentication.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.491-497
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• 2021

Cell components play vital role within the cell when the cell under goes deformation. These components are microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Intermediate filaments are like thread and are of different types. Like microtubules and microfilaments these components also undergo the deformation and their dynamics affected when change occurs within cell. In the present study, bending of intermediate filaments are studied keeping the nonlocal effects under consideration. It is observed that the nonlocal parameter has a great impact on the dynamics of intermediate filaments. This study is made by the application of Euler beam theory.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.141-148
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• 2023

During the medical data transmissions, the protection of the patient information is vital. Hence this work proposes a spatial domain watermarking algorithm that enhances the data payload (capacity) while maintaining the authentication and data hiding. The code is distributed at every pixel of the digital image and not only in the regions of non-interest pixels. But the image details are still preserved. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using several performance measures such as the mean square error (MSE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the peak signal to noise Ratio (PSNR), the universal image quality index (UIQI) and the structural similarity index (SSIM).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2003

An effort was made to assess comparative production performance in broiler chickens fed diets containing solvent extracted cottonseed meal (CSM) processed from BT and Parental Non-BT lines. Processed meal of national check and commercial produce cottonseeds were also used for comparison. The free gossypol contents were 0.02, 0.02, 0.44 and 0.03% in meals of BT, Parental Non-BT, national check and commercial produce cottonseeds, respectively. Day-old broiler chicks (n=243) were divided to 27 groups of 9 each. Nine dietary treatments (iso-nitrogenous, 23% CP and iso-caloric, 2,800 kcal ME/kg) were formulated viz., D1 (control, soybean meal-SBM based), D2 and D3 (BT CSM at 10% of diet with and without additional iron), D4 and D5 (non-BT CSM with and without additional iron), D6 and D7 (national check CSM with or without additional iron), and D8 and D9 (commercial produce CSM with or without additional iron at 2 ppm for every 1 ppm of free gossypol, respectively). Each dietary treatment was offered to three replicated groups up to 6 weeks of age. At the end of 6 weeks of age, 10 birds were taken out randomly from each treatment and were sacrificed to study carcass traits, organs' yield and histo-pathological changes in vital organs. The broiler chickens received CSM processed from BT (D2, 1,753 g and D3, 1,638 g) and Parental Non-BT (D4, 1,653 g and D5, 1,687 g) with or without additional Fe grew at same rate as observed in soybean meal (solvent ext.) based diet (D1, 1,676 g). The feed intake and feed conversion efficiency (feed: gain) in these dietary treatments (BT, non-BT line based diets) also did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from control diet. Similar observation was also observed in dietary treatments (D8 and D9) containing solvent extracted cottonseed meal of commercial produce origin. However, a decrease (p<0.05) in body weight gain and feed intake was observed in D6 containing national check CSM with high gossypol content. Addition of Fe in the diet (D7) improved (p<0.05) feed intake and weight gain but not to the extent as observed in diets containing BT, parental non-BT, and commercial produce CSM or control. However, any type of CSM did not affect feed conversion efficiency when fed with or without additional iron. The carcass characteristics in terms of dressing percentage, liver weight and heart weight was not significantly (p>0.05) different between the treatments. The eviscerated yields emanated from diets containing either BT, non-BT or commercial produce were statistically similar to control. However, eviscerated yield of broilers fed national check CSM with or without iron supplementation was lower (p<0.05) than BT cotton with Fe supplementation and commercial produce CSM. The study envisaged that BT, parental non-BT and commercial produce solvent extracted cottonseed meal can be included at 10% in soybean meal based broiler diet replacing soybean meal and rice bran without additional iron.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.5-25
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• 1997

The historical study reveals that our ancestors had maintained a system which could produce data on the number of population and households as well as on their characteristics. For example, such data on age structure of the population, number of births, number of deaths by age & sex, number of in & out migrants were found in an historical document for the year 755. The main purposes of maintaining the system at that time were taxation and conscription. As the system evolves, another function of identifying the legal status of people was also added. Looking into the figures for those days reveals that ommission rates of the number of population and households were high. Thus, in an effort to obtain a reliable data, the annual population survey system was introduced as of 1 September 1896. This date is now cerebrated as the Statistics Day. Since then, the survey system has been diversified. At the present time, there are three major data sources which produce the statistics on population and households: Civil Registration System (vital statistics), Resident Registratiton System (migration statistics) and Population Census. However, these three systems are found to have some problems to produce the accurate data. There are some inherent problems in the registration systems such as problems in its coverage, accuracies in contents and timeliness in reporting the vital events and publishing the results. The population census has also non-sampling errors such as errors in coverage, response and non-response. Apart from the above mentioned problems, there are also conflicting problems arised from having different three data source. We can find some overlapping problems in laws and difficulties in comparative studies between regions. In the future, these problems should be taken into consideration for the improvement of the quality of statistics on population and households.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.9-16
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• 2011

Background : Smoking reduces the ability of the lungs to function. In particular, smoking reduces the vital capacity of the lungs, which is the amount of air the lungs can take in. This reduction in vital capacity has several important health effects. Purpose : The purpose of this study, therefore was to examine the effects of the respiratory muscle exercise on peak expiratory flow and respiratory muscle strength. Methods : For an experimental research design, it was employed 20 young healthy subjects and these subjects were assigned into two groups; a smoking group(n=10) and an non-smoking group(n=10). All groups were participated in respiratory muscle exercises twice a week for 5 weeks in same condition. For comparison between before and after for post treatment, it was analysed as paired t-test and ANCOVA. Results : The result of this study were as follows; In the case of smoking group, there were significant differences, from $427.77{\pm}76.61$ l/min to $526.66{\pm}58.52$ l/min of peak respiratory flow, from $94.33{\pm}22.07$ kg to $102.16{\pm}21.60$ kg of abdominal muscle strength between the before and the after of respiratory muscle strength exercises. In the case of nonsmoking group, there were significant differences, from $449.54{\pm}77.47$ l/min to $553.18{\pm}61.32$ l/min of peak respiratory flow, from $93.41{\pm}19.21$ kg to $101.58{\pm}18.92$ kg of abdominal muscle strength between the before and the after of respiratory muscle strength exercises. Conclusion : These results were suggested that the peak respiratory flow and muscle strength were improved after respiratory muscle strength exercises.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.523-533
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• 2019

This study's purpose is to determine the effects of aroma inhalation on preoperative pain and anxiety of the elderly preparing to undergo a spine surgery. A Quasi-experimental design, with non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design was used in this study. Blended essential oils with frankincense, marjoram and mandarin were inhaled twice in the experimental group (n=30). The control group (n=30) was treated with the standard preoperative care. Pain, state anxiety, and vital sign were measured twice (before and after). The results of this study showed that pain (t=-1.223, p=.226), systolic blood pressure (t=-0.211, p=.833), diastolic blood pressure (t=0.638, p=.526), and respiration rate (t=0.734, p=.466) were not statistically significant in the experimental and the control group. There were significant differences in state anxiety (t=-3.202, p=.002) and pulse rate (t=-0.213, p=.037) in the experimental group compared to the control group. According to the results, aroma inhalation is an effective nursing intervention for relieving anxiety in surgical patients.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 1986

The historical study reveals that our ancestors had maintained a system which could produce data on the number of population and households as well as on their characteristics. For example, such data on age structure of the population, number of births, number of deaths by age & sex, number of in & out migrants were found in an historical document for the year 755. The main purposes of maintaining the system at that time were taxation and conscription. As the system evolves, another function of identifying the legal status of people was also added. Looking into the figures for those days reveals that ommission rates of the number of population and households were high. Thus, in an effort to obtain a reliable data, the annual population survey system was introduced as of 1 September 1896. This date is now cerebrated as the Statistics Day. Since then, the survey system has been diversified. At the present time, there are three major data sources which produce the statistics on population and households: Civil Registration System (vital statistics), Resident Registratiton System (migration statistics) and Population Census. However, these three systems are found to have some problems to produce the accurate data. There are some inherent problems in the registration systems such as problems in its coverage, accuracies in contents and timeliness in reporting the vital events and publishing the results. The population census has also non-sampling errors such as errors in coverage, response and non-response. Apart from the above mentioned problems, there are also conflicting problems arised from having different three data source. We can find some overlapping problems in laws and difficulties in comparative studies between regions. In the future, these problems should be taken into consideration for the improvement of the quality of statistics on population and households.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.417-422
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• 2019

Hemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures show a remarkably high mortality rate of 40% to 60%. However, their standard of care remains controversial. We report here a case of a 78-year-old woman who was admitted to the Emergency Department with pelvic pain following a fall. Based on pelvic radiography, she was diagnosed with an unstable pelvic fracture. Her blood pressure was 60/40 mmHg, and owing to her unstable vital signs, emergency angiography was performed without computed tomography (CT). Both internal iliac arteries were embolized without sub-branch selection for prompt control of pelvic bleeding. Following embolization, her vital signs were stabilized. Subsequent CT revealed free intra-abdominal air, suggesting bowel perforation had occurred and necessitating emergency laparotomy. An approximately 1 cm-sized free perforation of the small intestine was identified intraoperatively, and primary closure was performed. A retroperitoneal hematoma identified intraoperatively was not explored further because it was a non-expanding and non-pulsatile mass. The patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit and transferred to the general ward on postoperative day 3. In this case, the hemodynamically stable pelvic fracture with bowel perforation was successfully and safely treated by prompt angioembolization without conducting CT.