• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권12호
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• pp.1801-1809
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• 2020

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first identified in 1952 as a causative agent of outbreaks. CHIKV is transmitted by two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus. Symptoms after CHIKV infection in human are typically fever and joint pain, but can also include headache, muscle pain, joint swelling, polyarthralgia, and rash. CHIKV is an enveloped single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus with a diameter of approximately 70 nm. The pathogenesis of CHIKV infection and the mechanism by which the virus evades the innate immune system remain poorly understood. Moreover, little is known about the roles of CHIKV-encoded genes in the viral evasion of host immune responses, especially type I interferon (IFN) responses. Therefore, in the present study, we screened CHIKV-encoded genes for their regulatory effect on the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a critical transcription factor for the optimal activation of IFN-β. Among others, non-structural protein 2 (nsP2) strongly inhibited melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5)-mediated induction of the NF-κB pathway in a dose-dependent manner. Elucidation of the detailed mechanisms of nsP2-mediated inhibition of the MDA5/RIG-I signaling pathway is anticipated to contribute to the development of virus-specific therapeutics against CHIKV infection.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.109-126
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• 2019

Import refusals can be considered a new method of non-tariff barriers. This study aims to analyze reputation spillover effects on fish and fishery products imported from ASEAN countries to the U.S. FDA. The supply of aquatic products is not stable due to various factors such as reduction of fish stocks and climate change. Fish is a basic food ingested directly, but there are many ways to control the safety of aquatic products. ASEAN countries account for about 20% of U.S.imports in fish and fishery products. For Southeast Asian countries, fish and fishery products comprise a high proportion of exports revenue. Despite the large share of exports to the U.S., Southeast Asia countries have been receiving many import refusals from the United States. In this study, a theoretical model for examining import refusals is suggested using the negative binomial counting process. The reputation spillover effect, was divided into two spillover effects of 'neighbor reputation' and 'sector reputation'. Results show that there exists a neighbor reputation spillover effect. It can be said if there was a import refusal of the same product from neighboring countries in the preceding year, the home country have a possibility to experience import refusals of the same product. Therefore, it is interpreted that neighboring countries have good standard compliance can help home countries to effectively reach the target markets. Our findings have a important policy implication for ASEAN exporters of fish and fishery products.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to characterize the enzymatic hydrolysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by wheat phytase and to investigate the effects of wheat phytase-treated LPS on in vitro toxicity, cell viability and release of a pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-8 by target cells compared with the intact LPS. The phosphatase activity of wheat phytase towards LPS was investigated in the presence or absence of inhibitors such as L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine. In vitro toxicity of LPS hydrolyzed with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assessed. Cell viability in human aortic endothelial (HAE) cells exposed to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was measured. The release of IL-8 in human intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cells applied to LPS treated with wheat phytase in comparison to intact LPS was assayed. Wheat phytase hydrolyzed LPS, resulting in a significant release of inorganic phosphate for 1 h (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the degradation of LPS by wheat phytase was nearly unaffected by the addition of L-phenylalanine, the inhibitor of tissue-specific alkaline phosphatase or L-homoarginine, the inhibitor of tissue-non-specific alkaline phosphatase. Wheat phytase effectively reduced the in vitro toxicity of LPS, resulting in a retention of 63% and 54% of its initial toxicity after 1-3 h of the enzyme reaction, respectively (p < 0.05). Intact LPS decreased the cell viability of HAE cells. However, LPS dephosphorylated by wheat phytase counteracted the inhibitory effect on cell viability. LPS treated with wheat phytase decreased IL-8 secretion from intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cell to 14% (p < 0.05) when compared with intact LPS. In conclusion, wheat phytase is a potential therapeutic candidate and prophylactic agent for control of infections induced by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and associated LPS-mediated inflammatory diseases in animal husbandry.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.67-72
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• 2021

건물에 설치된 엘리베이터는 승강기 호출 버튼과 목적층으로의 선택을 위한 입력 버튼으로 구성되어 있다. 엘리베이터 버튼은 승강기를 이용하는 사람이 직접 눌러야 입력이 된다. 이러한 승객의 입력은 버튼의 오염으로 인해 전염병에 감염될 수 있다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위한 수단으로 비접촉식 버튼이 요구되고, 이는 정전용량 방식을 적용하여 물체의 근접을 감지한다. 적외선 열감지 센서를 부착하여 인체의 체온을 측정하는 기능을 구현하고 UV-LED를 부착하여 버튼의 살균 기능을 제공한다. 물체가 없을 때의 출력파형을 측정하고 물체가 근접할 때의 출력 파형을 측정하여 버튼이 선택되고 적외선온도측정 센서를 통해 체온이 측정되며, 사용자가 없을 때 UV-LED를 점등하여 살균하였다. 비접촉식 엘리베이터 버튼은 전염병을 옮기는 바이러스의 감염을 방지할 수 있는 효과가 있고, 체온을 감지하여 CIVID 19의 양성 확진자를 선별할 수 있어 감염병 예방에도 효과가 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2022

An artificial neural network (ANN) that identifies radionuclides from low-count gamma spectra of a NaI scintillator is proposed. The ANN was trained and tested using simulated spectra. 14 target nuclides were considered corresponding to the requisite radionuclide library of a radionuclide identification device mentioned in IEC 62327-2017. The network shows an average identification accuracy of 98.63% on the validation dataset, with the gross counts in each spectrum N_c = 100~10000 and the signal to noise ratio SNR = 0.05-1. Most of the false predictions come from nuclides with low branching ratio and/or similar decay energies. If the N_c>1000 and SNR>0.3, which is defined as the minimum identifiable condition, the averaged identification accuracy is 99.87%. Even when the source and the detector are covered with lead bricks and the response function of the detector thus varies, the ANN which was trained using non-shielding spectra still shows high accuracy as long as the minimum identifiable condition is satisfied. Among all the considered nuclides, only the identification accuracy of ²³⁵U is seriously affected by the shielding. Identification of other nuclides shows high accuracy even the shielding condition is changed, which indicates that the ANN has good generalization performance.

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권7호
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• pp.348-353
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• 2022

Gastrointestinal cancer is associated with a high mortality rate. Here, we report that the splice variant of NRP/B contributes to tumorigenic activity in highly malignant gastric cancer through dissociation from the tumor repressor, HDAC5. NRP/B mRNA expression is significantly higher in the human gastric cancer tissues than in the normal tissues. Further, high levels of both the NRP/B splice variant and Lgr5, but not the full-length protein, are found in highly tumorigenic gastric tumor cells, but not in non-tumorigenic cells. The loss of NRP/B markedly inhibits cell migration and invasion, which reduces tumor formation in vivo. Importantly, the inhibition of alternative splicing increases the levels of NRP/B-1 mRNA and protein in AGS cells. The ectopic expression of full-length NRP/B exhibits tumor-suppressive activity, whereas NRP/B-2 induces the noninvasive human gastric cancer cells tumorigenesis. The splice variant NRP/B-2 which loses the capacity to interact with tumor repressors promoted oncogenic activity, suggesting that the BTB/POZ domain in the N-terminus has a crucial role in the suppression of gastric cancer. Therefore, the regulation of alternative splicing of the NRP/B gene is a potential novel target for the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

In this paper, the instability of the domed spatial truss structure using wood and the characteristics of the buckling critical load were studied. Hexagonal space truss was adopted as the model to be analyzed, and two boundary conditions were considered. In the first case, the deformation of the inclined member is only considered, and in the second case, the deformation of the horizontal member is also considered. The materials of the model adopted in this paper are steel and timbers, and the considered timbers are spruce, pine, and larch. Here, the inelastic properties of the material are not considered. The instability of the target structure was observed through non-linear incremental analysis, and the buckling critical load was calculated through the singularities and eigenvalues of the tangential stiffness matrix at each incremental step. From the analysis results, in the example of the boundary condition considering only the inclined member, the critical buckling load was lower when using timber than when using steel, and the critical buckling load was determined according to the modulus of elasticity of timber. In the case of boundary conditions considering the effect of the horizontal member, using a mixture of steel and timber case had a lower buckling critical load than the steel case. But, the result showed that it was more effective in structural stability than only timber was used.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.60.1-60.11
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• 2020

Background: Tumor-associated neoangiogenesis is a crucial target for antitumor therapies. Thalidomide (TAL) is a promising anti-neoangiogenetic drug that has recently been used in the treatment of several malignancies in dogs. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of TAL after single oral administration in dogs. Additionally, the influence of feeding on the pharmacokinetic profile of TAL in dogs has been preliminarily investigated. Methods: Six healthy adult female Labradors were enrolled according to a randomized single-dose, 2-treatment, 2-phase, paired 2 × 2 cross-over study design. The dogs were administered a single 400 mg capsule of TAL in fasted and fed conditions. Blood was collected from 15 min to 48 h after dosing, and TAL quantified in plasma by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method. The pharmacokinetics of TAL were analyzed using a non-compartmental approach. Results: TAL concentration was quantifiable up to 10 h and 24 h after fasted and fed conditions, respectively. C_max (fasted, 1.34 ± 0.12 ㎍/mL; fed, 2.47 ± 0.19 ㎍/mL) and T_max (fasted, 3 h; fed, 10 h) differed substantially between the 2 groups. AUC and t_1/2λz were significantly higher in fed (42.46 ± 6.64 mg × h/L; 17.14 ± 4.68 h) compared to fasted (12.38 ± 1.13 mg × h/L; 6.55 ± 1.25 h) dogs. The relative oral bioavailability of TAL for the fasted group was low (36.92% ± 3.28%). Conclusions: Feeding affects the pharmacokinetics of oral TAL in dogs, showing a delayed, but higher absorption with different rate of elimination. These findings are of importance in clinical veterinary settings, and represent a starting point for further related studies.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.793-802
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• 2022

증가하는 도시 침수 피해에 대응하기 위해서는 내배수시스템의 비구조적인 개선이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 유수지 유입량과 외수위를 고려한 빗물펌프장 펌프/수문 자동운영 기술을 제안하고, 성능을 평가하기 위해 잔류유량 기반 복원력를 사용하여 기존 운영과의 성능차이를 비교하였다. 제안된 자동운영은 3가지 펌프운영과 2가지 수문운영으로 구성되었다. 펌프운영을 위해 모니터링 지점의 수심을 사용하였으며, 모니터링 지점은 최초월류발생지점과 최대월류발생지점을 고려하여 선택하였다. 대상유역은 대구 비산빗물펌프장이며, 강우자료는 재현기간 30년, 50년 및 70년으로, 지속시간 30분, 60분, 90분 그리고 120분으로 설정한 확률강우를 사용하였다. 적용결과 자동운영과 기존 운영의 복원력 차이는 최소 5.20E-05에서 최대 8.07E-04로 나타났다. 지속시간이 길어질수록 복원력 차이는 크게 나타났다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2022

The wild silkmoth Antheraea yamamai Guérin-Méneville, 1861 (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is an important producer of silk that is superior to the silk produced by traditional domesticated silkworm. In this study, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of An. yamamai collected from Jeju Island, which is the southernmost island approximately 100 km offshore southward from the Korean Peninsula. Determining this sequence will be necessary for tracing the biogeographic history of the species and developing molecular markers for identifying the origin of commercial products. Comparison of the sequence divergence among two available and the current mitogenomes revealed a low but substantial number of substitutions, totaling 23 nucleotides in the whole genome. CytB and ND5 showed the highest variability with five and four variations, respectively, suggesting that these regions will be prior regions to target for subsequent biogeographic and diagnosis study. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on all available sequences of Saturniidae showed that An. yamamai is a sister to the congeneric species An. pernyi, corroborating that Antheraea is a highly supported monophyletic group. The tribe Saturniini was clearly non-monophyletic and interrupted by Attacini and Bunaeini.