• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2006

Purpose: There are a few case reports on asymmetric vocal cord uptake on FDG-PET in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis, which could be a potential pitfall in the interpretation of FDG-PET images. We evaluated the metabolic activity of laryngeal muscles of patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis in comparison to normal controls during both speech and silence. Methods: Eleven patients with unilateral vocal cord palsy (thyroldectomy=7, lung cancer=1, others=3) and 12 normal controls underwent FDG-PET with usual protocol. They were divided into two groups respectively; one group read books aloud for 20 minutes (phonation group) and the other kept silence (non-phonation groups) after FDG injection. Recent neck CT scan were co-registered with FDG-PET to produce PET-CT fusion images to elaborate small laryngeal muscles. Results: In patients with unilateral vocal cord palsy, contralateral non-paralyzed vocal cord showed hypermetabolism mainly on thyroarytenoid muscle, more intensely with phonation group ($SUV=5.88{\pm}2.65$) than with non-phonation group ($SUV=2.30{\pm}0.39$). Normal control subjects showed hypermetabolism ($3.68{\pm}0.96$) in interarytenoid muscle and symmetric mild hypermetabolism in both lateral cricoarytenoid muscles in only phonation group. Conclusion: FDG-PET with fusion images using CT scan in patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis showed hypermetabolism of contralateral non-paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle, suggesting compensatory action during phonation. Phonation durung FDG PET study enhanced FDG uptake on different laryngeal muscles between patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis and normal subjects.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.318-327
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to make a comprehensive study and to provide information about the dental caries and plaque index of cerebral person, and to aid improvement of their oral health. The author examined intraorally 1180 deciduous teeth, 5626 permanent teeth of 264 (male:153 female:111) cerebral palsy person and 1526 deciduous teeth, 4140 permanent teeth of 220 (male:125 female:95) non cerebral palsy person as the control group. The results were as follows : 1. Cerebral palsy persons Had higher dft rate than non-cerebral palsy persons. 2. Dental caries incidence between males and females in cerebral palsy persons showed no difference, and dental caries incidence of types in cerebral palsy person showed no difference, either. 3. Mental, motor, speech handicap degrees were negatively related to DMFT rate and DMFT index, and institutionalized cerebral palsy persons and cerebral palsy persons of which parent's occupation is private business were found low DMFT rate and DMFT index. 4. Cerebral palsy persons were found to have higher plaque index than non-cerebral palsy persons, and non institutionalized cerebral palsy persons and self-supported cerebral palsy persons were found high plaque index. 5. Plaque index of male and female in cerebral palsy person showed no difference, and Plaque index of types in cerebral palsy person showed no difference, either Plaque index of handicap degrees(mental, motor, speech) showed no difference.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2021

It has been widely recognized that there are two varieties of lateral liquid /l/, which are light /l/ (a non-velarized allophone) and dark /l/ (a velarized allophone). However, this categorical view has been challenged in recent studies, both on articulatory and acoustic aspects. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether to consider /l/ velarization as a continuum in American English and provide supporting data. A spontaneous American English speech database called the Buckeye Speech Corpus was used for the material. The formant frequencies of /l/ in each syllable position were measured and analyzed statistically. The formant frequencies of /l/ in each syllable position, especially F2 values, were significantly different from each other. The results showed that there were other significantly different varieties of /l/ in American English, which support the continuum view on /l/ velarization. Regarding the effect of the adjacent vowel, the backness of the adjacent vowels was shown to affect the degree of /l/ velarization, regardless of the syllable position of the lateral liquid. This result will help provide a solid ground for the continuum view.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2022

This study aimed to compare acoustic measurements by the high, middle, and low laryngeal heights of male musical theater students. Furthermore, the correlation between the relative height of the larynx and the acoustic measurements was examined, along with the predictability of the relative height (vertical position) of the larynx from acoustic measurements. The participants included five male students majoring in musical theater singing, and acoustic analysis was performed by having them produce the /a/ vowel 10 times each at the laryngeal positions of high, middle, and low. The relative vertical positions of the laryngeal prominence in each position were measured based on the resting position. Results indicated that the relative position of the larynx varied significantly according to laryngeal height, such that as the larynx descended, the first three formant frequencies decreased while the spectral energy at the same frequencies increased. Formant frequencies showed a weak to moderate positive correlation with the relative height of the larynx, while the spectral energy showed a moderate negative correlation. The relative height of the larynx was predicted by eight acoustic measures (adjusted R² = .829). In conclusion, the predictability of the relative height of the larynx was partially confirmed in a non-invasive manner.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2024

This study investigated the perceptions of military personnel toward stuttering and persons who stutter (PWS) using the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes of -Stuttering (POSHA-S). A total of 67 military personnel participated in the study (male: 58, female: 9, commissioned officers: 11, non-commissioned officers: 56, with an average age of 31.9 years and a standard deviation of 8.7), and the collected data were analyzed according to the guidelines provided by St. Louis. To compare the perceptions of military personnel toward stuttering and PWS, percentile ranks (%iles) relative to the global POSHA-S database, which were constructed from responses from a total of 20,941 participants from various cultural regions, countries, and groups (as of June 2023), were retrieved. Results showed that the overall stuttering score for military personnel was 7, corresponding to the 14 percentile in the POSHA-S database. In addition, the sub-score for ' self-reactions to PWS' was -11 (8 percentile in the POSHA-S database). These results revealed that military personnel hold more negative attitudes toward stuttering and PWS, overall. These findings emphasized the importance of addressing the lack of accurate information among military personnel, suggesting a need for educational programs mainly aimed at improving the understanding of stuttering and PWS within the military.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.65-72
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• 2022

Due to COVID-19, the importance of non-face-to-face counseling is increasing as the face-to-face counseling method has progressed to non-face-to-face counseling. The advantage of non-face-to-face counseling is that it can be consulted online anytime, anywhere and is safe from COVID-19. However, it is difficult to understand the client's mind because it is difficult to communicate with non-verbal expressions. Therefore, it is important to recognize emotions by accurately analyzing text and voice in order to understand the client's mind well during non-face-to-face counseling. Therefore, in this paper, text data is vectorized using FastText after separating consonants, and voice data is vectorized by extracting features using Log Mel Spectrogram and MFCC respectively. We propose a multi-emotion recognition model that recognizes five emotions using vectorized data using an LSTM model. Multi-emotion recognition is calculated using RMSE. As a result of the experiment, the RMSE of the proposed model was 0.2174, which was the lowest error compared to the model using text and voice data, respectively.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.325-331
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• 2010

Categorical perception has been noted as characteristic properties of linguistic stimuli. In this study, Korean monosyllabic minimal pairs (consonant-vowel-consonant, CVC) were analyzed to understand perception boundaries between clinically confusing words. An efficient scheme has been developed to systematically synthesize temporal transition waveforms (11 steps) from one word to the target word for the pairs of /gom/-/gong/, /non/-/noon/, and /don/-/non/. The corresponding slopes, widths, and non-dominant factors of perception boundaries were analyzed for the total of 40 young normal subjects (20 males and 20 females). Results showed that there were relative pattern differences among confusing monosyllabic minimal pairs under categorical perception. For instance, the vowel difference within CVC pairs led to the lowest boundary performance in this experiment set. Data also indicated the potential application of the overall procedure for evaluating auditory functions and assisting rehabilitation programs.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.593-599
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• 2012

Objective: This study aims to implement a non-contact gesture-based interface for presentation purposes and to analyze the effect of the proposed interface as information transfer assisted device. Background: Recently, research on control device using gesture recognition or speech recognition is being conducted with rapid technological growth in UI/UX area and appearance of smart service products which requires a new human-machine interface. However, few quantitative researches on practical effects of the new interface type have been done relatively, while activities on system implementation are very popular. Method: The system presented in this study is implemented with KINECT$^{(R)}$ sensor offered by Microsoft Corporation. To investigate whether the proposed system is effective as a presentation support tool or not, we conduct experiments by giving several lectures to 40 participants in both a traditional lecture room(keyboard-based presentation control) and a non-contact gesture-based lecture room(KINECT-based presentation control), evaluating their interests and immersion based on contents of the lecture and lecturing methods, and analyzing their understanding about contents of the lecture. Result: We check that whether the gesture-based presentation system can play effective role as presentation supporting tools or not depending on the level of difficulty of contents using ANOVA. Conclusion: We check that a non-contact gesture-based interface is a meaningful tool as a sportive device when delivering easy and simple information. However, the effect can vary with the contents and the level of difficulty of information provided. Application: The results presented in this paper might help to design a new human-machine(computer) interface for communication support tools.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.29-35
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• 2017

In this paper, we present a 5W1H programming model for IT non-experienced people who are not familiar with computer programming and those who need programming education. Based on this model, we can design a development tool that can be easily programmed by beginners. This development tool is a programming method applying the 5W1H concept and constructs a sentence to satisfy the control condition of 'Who, When, Where, What, and How', which is the sentence element of 5W1H. Therefore, the user can easily develop the target system as if constructing the sentence without learning the programming language of the target system. In this paper, to verify the effectiveness of the 5W1H programming model proposed in this paper, we applied the concept of 5W1H programming to Arduino and developed the development tool and performed the first verification and applied the second verification to the speech recognition smart home development platform.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.481-486
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• 2010

In this paper, we suggest an advanced algorithm, to recognize pedestrian/non-pedestrian using differential haar-like feature, which applies Adaboost algorithm to make a strong classification from weak classifications. First, we extract two feature vectors: horizontal haar-like feature and vertical haar-like feature. For the next, we calculate the proposed feature vector using differential haar-like method. And then, a strong classification needs to be obtained from weak classifications for composite recognition method using the differential area of horizontal and vertical haar-like. In the proposed method, we use one feature vector and one strong classification for the first stage of recognition. Based on our experiment, the proposed algorithm shows higher recognition rate compared to the traditional method for the pedestrian and non-pedestrian.