• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.10
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• pp.973-981
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• 1998

Background: About 30% to 40% of the patients with pathologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) die within 5 years after complete resection. The identification of poor prognostic factors and the application of additional treatment are very important to improve the survival rate in resected stage I NSCLC. Materials and methods: Sixty-eight(68) patients who had been diagnosed postoperatively between Janury 1989 and December 1995 as having stage I non-small cell lung cancer according to the TNM classification were studied. The postoperative 5-year survival rate was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method, and clinico- histopathologic factors including age, sex, operative method, type of tumor cell, T factor, grade of the differentiation in a squamous cell carcinoma, invasion of blood vessel and expression of the nm23-H1 protein were investigated and analyzed. Results: The median survival of the entire group of patients was 58$\pm$3 months, with a 5-year survival of 58.9%. In univariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and poor differentiation of the tumor cell in a squamous cell carcinoma significantly worsened the survival. In multivariate analysis, invasion of blood vessel and grade of the differentiation of the tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma remained independent prognostic factors. High expression of the nm23-H1 protein was related to a high postoperative 5-year survival in comparision with low expression of the nm23-H1 pretein (73.0% vs 50.7%), but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: These results highlight the negative prognostic value of poor differentiation of tumor cells in a squamous cell carcinoma and invasion of blood vessel in stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Also, further studies are necessary to be determined prognostic value of the T factor and expression of the nm23 protein in non-small cell lung cancer.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.324-330
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• 2000

Objective : Lung cancer arises after a series of morphological changes, which take several years to progress from normal epithelium to invasive cancer. Multiple molecular changes and growth factor production have been documented in lung cancers, both small cell and non-small cell types. Insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) are important mitogenic and anabolic peptides, both in vivo and in vitro, and are thought to be significant autocrine-paracrine factors involved in normal and malignant cell proliferation. In this study, the degree of expression of IGF-1 on the immunohistochemical staining in human non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) cells and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells were investigated. Methods : Immunohistochemical staining for IGF-1 was performed in 15 cases of small cell carcinoma, 15 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 15 cases of adenocarcinoma, and 12 cases of bronchoalveolar carcinoma. Results : The expression of IGF-1 on the immunohistochemical staining significantly increased in NSCLC cells than in SCLC cells. Conclusion : These results suggest the expression of IGF-1 in human lung cancer cells. The immunohistochemical staining of IGF-1 in lung cancer cell lines may assist in the differentiation of NSCLC and SCLC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.4
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• pp.343-351
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• 2012

Background: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling axis has emerged as a novel target for cancer therapy. Agents that inhibit this pathway are currently under development for lung cancer treatment. In the present study, we have tested whether dual inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling can lead to enahnced antitumor effects. We have also examined the role of autophagy during this process. Methods: We analyzed the combination effect of the mTOR inhibitor, temsirolimus, and the Akt inhibitor, GSK690693, on the survival of NCI-H460 and A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay and apoptosis induction was evaluated by flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Autophagy induction was also evaluated by acridine orange staining. Changes of apoptosis or autophagy-related proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. Results: Combination treatment with temsirolimus and GSK690693 caused synergistically increased cell death in NCI-H460 and A549 cells. This was attributable to increased induction of apoptosis. Caspase 3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage accompanied these findings. Autophagy also increased and inhibition of autophagy resulted in increased cell death, suggesting its cytoprotective role during this process. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that the combination of temsirolimus and GSK690693 could be a novel strategy for lung cancer therapy. Inhibition of autophagy could also be a promising method of enhancing the combination effect of these drugs.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.844-854
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Fucoidan, a polysaccharide content in brown algae, has been reported to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The present study aimed to investigate the suppression effects of fucoidan on A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells migration. MATERIALS/METHODS: The anti-migratory activity of fucoidan in A549 cells was examined by wound healing assay and phalloidin-rhodamine staining in response to fucoidan (0-100 ㎍/mL) treatment for 48 h. Western blot analysis was performed to clarify the protein expressions relevant to migratory activity. RESULTS: Fucoidan (25-100 ㎍/mL) significantly suppressed A549 cells migration together with reduced the intensity of phalloidin-rhodamine which detect filopodia and lamellipodia protrusions at 48 h of treatment. The protein expression indicated that fucoidan significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Src, and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK). In addition, the phosphorylation of p38 in A549 cells was found to be increased. CONCLUSIONS: Our data conclude that fucoidan exhibits anti-migratory activities against lung cancer A549 cells mediated by inhibiting ERK1/2 and FAK-Src pathway.

• CELLMED
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.10.1-10.8
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• 2013

Cancer is one of the major dreaded diseases causing high mortality. Lung cancer is second in position of all cancer related deaths and mainly divided into two morphologic sub-types: small-cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC is an aggressive neoplasm which hardly responds to any conventional chemotherapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) belongs to the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinase that is mainly over-expressed in NSCLC. EGFR is mainly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of different carcinoma. In vivo and in vitro studies suggest that EGFR and EGF like peptides are often over-expressed in human NSCLC and these proteins are able to induce cell transformation. The conventional therapies mostly inhibit the EGFR activity and expression level in human NSCLC with the use of some EGFR-inhibitors like HKI-272, EKB569, CL-387785 etc. and some synthetic chemotherapeutic drugs like erlotinib, gefitinib, plumbagin, docetaxel, cisplatin etc., alone or in combination of two or more drugs. These therapies selectively act by competitive inhibition of the binding of adenosine triphosphate to the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR, resulting in inhibition of the EGFR signaling pathway. But these chemotherapeutic drugs have some cytotoxic activities to the normal cells and have some adverse side-effects. Recent studies on some traditional alternative therapies including some herbal and plant extracts, active ingredients like curcumin, different homeopathic drugs, etc. can target EGFR-signalling in NSCLC with less toxic side-effects are being currently developed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.77 no.6
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• pp.258-261
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• 2014

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangement, is a kind of driver mutation, accounts for 3%-5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC patients harboring ALK fusion genes have distinct clinical features and good response to ALK inhibitors. Metastasis from lung cancer to the ovary has rarely been known. We report a case of a 54-year-old woman with bilateral ovarian metastases from ALK rearranged NSCLC. She underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for ovary masses, which were progressed after cytotoxic chemotherapy although primary lung mass was decreased. Histopathological examination of the ovary tumor showed characteristic adenocarcinoma patterns of the lung and ALK rearrangement.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2015

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) represents a consolidated treatment option for patients with medically inoperable early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The clinical evidence accumulated in the past decade supports its use as an alternative to surgery with comparable survival outcomes. Due to its limited toxicity, SBRT is also applicable to elderly patients with very poor baseline pulmonary function or other severe comorbidities. Recent comparative studies in operable patients raised the issue of the possible use of SBRT also for this subgroup, with quite promising results that still should be fully confirmed by prospective trials with long-term follow-up. Aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the major studies conducted over the years on SBRT and to provide data on the efficacy and toxicity of this radiotherapy technique for stage I NSCLC. Technical aspects and quality of life related issues are also discussed, with the goal to provide information on the current role and limitations of SBRT in clinical practice.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.sup1
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• pp.17-28
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• 2008

This review focuses on the clinical use of $^{18}F-FDG$ PET to evaluate solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When SPN or mass without calcification is found on chest X-ray or CT, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is an effective modality to differentiate benign from malignant lesions. For initial staging of NSCLC, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is useful, and proved to be cost-effective in several countries. $^{18}F-FDG$ is useful for detecting recurrence, restaging and evaluating residual tumor after curative therapy in NSCLC. For therapy response assessment, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET may be effective after chemotherapy or radiation therapy. $^{18}F-FDG$ PET is useful to predict pathological response after neoadjuvant therapy in NSCLC. For radiation therapy planning, $^{18}F-FDG$ PET may be helpful, but requires further investigations. PET/CT is better for evaluating NSCLC than conventional PET.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.505-507
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• 2009

A 60-year-old woman, who had non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in left lower lobe underwent brain F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for evaluation of cerebral metastasis. On follow-up FDG-PET/CT, only hypometaolic lesion was detected and progressed in right frontal lobe at 6 months and 10 months, later. Hypermetabolic metastasis was not detected even at last scan time of FDG-PET/CT. Brain MRI showed brain metastasis in right frontal lobe. As might be expected, the physician should take cerebral metastasis into consideration even though there is only hypometabolic change on subsequent FDG-PET/CT in patients with NSCLC.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.373-381
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a classification model based on convolutional neural network(CNN) for predicting 2-year recurrence in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients using preoperative chest CT images. Based on the region of interest(ROI) defined as the tumor internal and external area, the input images consist of an intratumoral patch, a peritumoral patch and a peritumoral texture patch focusing on the texture information of the peritumoral patch. Each patch is trained through AlexNet pretrained on ImageNet to explore the usefulness and performance of various patches. Additionally, ensemble learning of network trained with each patch analyzes the performance of different patch combination. Compared with all results, the ensemble model with intratumoral and peritumoral patches achieved the best performance (ACC=98.28%, Sensitivity=100%, NPV=100%).