• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.329-329
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• 2008

To date, rubbing has been widely used to align LC molecules uniformly. Although rubbing can be simple, it has fundamental problems such as the generation of defects by dust and static electricity, and difficulty in achieving a uniform LC alignment on a large substrate. Therefore, noncontact alignment has been investigated. Ion beam induced alignment method, which provides controllability, nonstop process, and high resolution display. In this study, we investigated liquid crystal (LC) alignment with ion beam (IB) that non contact alignment technique on polyimide and electro-optical characteristics of twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) on the poly imide under various ion beam angles. In this experiment, Polyimide layer was coated on glass by spin-coating and Voltage-transmittance(VT) and response time characteristics of the TN cell were measured by a LCD evaluation system. The good characteristics of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) alignment with the ion beam exposure poly imide surface was observed. The tilt angle of NLC on the PI surface with ion beam exposure can be measured under $1^{\circ}4 for all of irradiation angles. In addition, it can be achieved the good ED properties, and residual DC property of the ion beam aligned TN cell on polyimide surface.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1997년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1582-1584
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• 1997

We investigated the transcription of liquid crystal (LC) alignment method by using memory effect of nematic (N) LC on polyimide (PI) surface with side chain as for non-rubbing alignment techniques. That the monodomain alignment of aligned NLC is observed by polarizing microscope textures in the cells on PI surface with side chain, We obtained that the pretilt angle of NLC are generated about 3.7 degree on PI surface. We suggest that the LC alignment by using transcription aligngnment method is attributed to memory effect of NLC on PI surface.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.576-580
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• 1997

In this paper, the viewing angle characteristics of amorphous (a) - twisted nematic (TN)-liquid crystal display (LCD) on poly(vinyl)cinnamate (PVC) surface with UV (ultraviolet) light irradiation were investigated. It was found that the threshold voltage increases with increasing the polymerization of PVC surfaces. We observed that the domain size of a-TN-LCD decreases with increasing the photo polymerization by increasing UV light irradiation time on PVC films. Also, we observed that the viewing angle of a-TN-LCD increased with increasing the photo polymerization on PVC surfaces. Finally, we consider that the viewing angle of a-TN-LCD on PVC surfaces is large compared to a-TN-LCD on polyimide (PI) surface.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.194-205
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• 2013

In this study, we report dyeing properties and functionality of cotton and silk fabrics dyed with methanol extract from Juniperus chinensis heartwood. Non-aqueous dye of Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracted with methanol was expressed reddish color. It showed relatively good affinity to silk than cotton. Dye uptake of cotton and silk continued to increase according to the increase of the dye concentration. Cotton was not affected by the dyeing temperature and time, however, dye uptake of silk was increased as the dyeing time and temperature were increased. Dye uptake of cotton and silk were the highest at pH 8 and pH 6 respectively. Dyed fabrics showed various colors depending on mordant types and mordant concentration. Washing, light and perspiration fastness were not good. However, rubbing and dry cleaning fastness showed relatively good grade. Dyed fabrics of ultraviolet-cut ability and deodorant ability were improved. Also, dyed fabrics showed very good antimicrobial abilities of 99.9%.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

It has been well known that excitatory amino acids, primarily glutamate, are involved in the transmission of nociception in pathological and physiological conditions in the spinal and brainstem level. Recently, peripheral glutamate also play a critical role in the peripheral nociceptive transmissions. The present study investigated the role of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) or non-NMDA ionotropic glutamate receptors in formalin-induced TMJ pain. Experiments were carried out on male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220-280 g. Intra-articular injection was performed under halothane anesthesia. Under anesthesia, AP-7 (10, $100\;{\mu}M$, $1\;mM/20\;{\mu}L$), a NMDA receptor antagonist, or CNQX disodium salt (0.5, 5, 50, $500\;{\mu}M/20\;{\mu}L$), a non-NMDA receptor antagonist, were administered intra-articularly 10 min prior to the application of 5% formalin. For each animal, the number of behavioral responses, such as rubbing and/or scratching the TMJ region, was recorded for nine successive 5-min intervals. Intra-articular pretreatment with 1 mM of AP-7 or $50\;{\mu}M$ CNQX significantly decreased the formalin-induced scratching behavioral responses during the second phase. Intra-articular pretreatment with $500\;{\mu}M$ of CNQX significantly decreased the formalin-induced scratching behavior during both the first and the second phase. These results indicate that the intra-articular administration of NMDA or non-NMDA receptor antagonists inhibit formalin-induced TMJ nociception, and peripheral ionotropic glutamate receptors may play an important role in the TMJ nociception.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.429-429
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• 2007

For various applications of liquid crystal displays (LCDs), the uniform alignment of liquid crystal (LC) molecules on treated surfaces is significantly important. Generally, a rubbing method has been widely used to align the LC molecules on polyimide (PI) surfaces. Rubbed PI surfaces have suitable characteristics, such as uniform alignment. However, the rubbing method has some drawbacks, such as the generation of electrostatic charges and the creation of contaminating particles. Thus, we strongly recommend a non contact alignment technique for future generations of large high-resolution LCDs. Most recently, the LC aligning capabilities achieved by ultraviolet and ion-beam exposures which are non contact methods, on diamond-like carbon (DLC) inorganic thin film layers have been successfully studied because DLC thin films have a high mechanical hardness, a high electrical resistivity, optical transparency, and chemical inertness. In addition, nitrogen-doped DLC (NDLC) thin films exhibit properties similar to those of the DLC thin films and a higher thermal stability than the DLC thin films because C:N bonding in the NDLC thin filmsis stronger against thermal stress than C:H bonding in the DLC thin films. Our research group has already studied the NDLC thin films by an ion-beam alignment method. The $SiN_x$ thin films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition are widely used as an insulation layer for a thin film transistor, which has characteristics similar to those of DLC inorganic thin films. Therefore, in this paper, we report on LC alignment effects and pretilt angle generation on a $SiN_x$, thin film treated by ion-beam irradiation for various N ratios

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2000년도 제31회 춘계학술대회
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• pp.173-179
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• 2000

The friction and wear characteristics of brake friction materials reinforced with aramid fiber, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and potassium titanate whiskers were investigated using a pad-on-disk type friction tester. In particular, the morphology of rubbing surfaces was carefully investigated to correlate the friction performance and properties of transfer films. The aramid fiber reinforced specimen showed severe oscillation of friction coefficient at low speed and low applied pressure. The carbon fiber reinforced specimen showing better friction stability exhibited uniform and stable transfer film than any other specimens. The glass fiber reinforced specimen showed unstable friction changes at high speed and high-applied pressure and the non-uniform transfer film was observed in both friction material and rotor surface. The potassium titanate whiskers reinforced specimen showed stable coherent transfer film. The wear test exhibited the potassium titanate whiskers reinforced specimen was lowest in wear amount and glass fiber reinforced specimen showed the severe wear.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.461-476
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• 2013

This study aims to provide practical information of both color and hands of cotton fabrics dyed with persimmon dye powder for natural dyeing fashion industries by investigating dyeing behavior and color gamut, by testing mechanical properties depending on color characteristics, and finally by evaluating dyeing fastness. As results, the persimmon dye powder obtained by extracting the fruits to final solid powder was found as containing tannin and it partially coated between and on fibers similarly to traditionally dyed one. The K/S values of non-mordanted fabric and two differently mordanted ones with Fe and Cu seemed to reach their equilibrium from 800, 800, and 600% (owf), respectively. Yellow-red was the only one hue shown while tones were various as pale (p), light grayish (ltg), soft (sf), dull (d), grayish (g), and dark grayish (dkg). In mechanical properties, the dyed fabrics with p and ltg tended to be less altered than undyed ones whereas d and d kg by higher bath concentrations could be applied to boxy silhouette owing to their increased stiffness and less stretchability. Although fastness to dry cleaning and stain was good, color change by washing and rubbing needed to be improved.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.311-319
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• 1999

The thermal conductivity ${\lambda}_b$, thermal diffusivity ${\alpha}_b$ of the thin black paint layer sprayed on solid surface and absorptivity a for laser beam are measured by applying a non-contact measurement method of the thermophysical properties of solids. The values of a=0.67, ${\lambda}_b=1.45W/mK$ and ${\alpha}_b=1.24{\times}10^{-6}m^2/s$ are obtained for the sprayed lay~ thickness $z_b{\fallingdotseq}40\;{\mu}m$. Furthermore, for the $z_b{\fallingdotseq}24\;{\mu}m$ thick layers which arc formed by rubbing with a glass rod after spraying, the values of a=0.73, ${\lambda}_b=1.85W/mK$. and ${\alpha}_b=1.09{\times}10^{-6}m^2/s$ are obtained. It is also shown that the present thermal diffusivity ${\alpha}_b$ for $z_b{\fallingdotseq}40\;{\mu}m$ Is about 30~80% larger than those obtained by Araki et al. for the thicker layer $z_b{\fallingdotseq}150{\sim}248\;{\mu}m$. This method could be applied to the measurement of thermophysical properties of thin layer on solids.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2004년도 Asia Display / IMID 04
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• pp.1132-1136
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• 2004

In this paper, we intend to make FFS mode cell with LC alignment used non-rubbing method, ion beam alignment method on the a-C:H thin film, to analyze electro-optical characteristics in this cell. We studied on the suitable inorganic thin film for FFS-LCD and the aligning capabilities of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) using the new alignment material of a-C:H thin film as working gas at rf bias condition. A high pretilt angle of about 5$^{\circ}$ by ion beam(IB) exposure on the a-C:H thin film surface was measured. An excellent voltage-transmittance (V-T) and response time curve of the ion-beam-aligned FFS-LCD was observed with oblique ion beam exposure on the DLC thin films.