• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.317-321
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• 2006

게임의 재미요소를 증대 시키고, 게임 생명주기(Life-Cycle)를 늘어나게 하기 위해 다양한 방법이 연구 중이다. 현실감 있는 그래픽 효과와 뛰어난 음향 효과 등과 함께 게임 플레이어의 게임 스타일이 반영된 게임을 만들기 위한 방법이 대표적이 예라 할 수 있다. 그 중 게임 플레이어의 스타일을 게임에 다시 이용하기 위해서는 플레이어의 인지과정이 요구되며, 인지된 결과를 이용하여 플레이어를 모델링(User Modeling)한다. 하지만, 게임의 종류와 특성에 따라 다양한 게임이 존재하기 때문에 플레이어를 모델링하기 어렵다는 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 게임에서 정의된 FSM(Finite State machine)을 이용하여 플레이어가 선택한 행동 패턴을 분석하고 적용하는 방법과 다양한 게임에서 이용 할 수 있는 스크립트 형태의 NPC 행동 패턴 변경 방법을 제안한다. 플레이어의 데이터를 분석하여 얻은 결과는 FSM을 변경하여 새로운 행동을 보이는 NPC(Non-Player Characters)를 생성하는데 사용되며, 이 캐릭터는 게임의 특성과 플레이어의 최신 행동 패턴 경향을 학습한 적용형 NPC라 할 수 있다. 실험을 통하여 사용자의 행동과 유사한 패턴을 보이는 NPC의 생성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 게임에서 상대적인 또는 적대적인 캐릭터로 유용하게 사용 될 수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2008

Although people have had more opportunities to enjoy various types of game, most of players have felt less satisfaction with the games. This is the reason that since most Non-player Characters (NPCs) are simple and uniform, they have some limitations for competing with a variety of players. Thus, technologies for creating intelligent NPCs that can compete with each player at a similar level are required. In this paper, we present an action information management method for creating adaptive NPCs based on the algorithm for calculating their action efficiency. This algorithm is useful to the adaptation method for saving and controlling player-appropriate action. In our method, adaptive NPCs observe the actions of players and collect the relationship data between status and action. The efficiency value of the action data is calculated and data of similar status are grouped, and finally stored at the action database. The game system of NPC updates the action database and stores diverse actions. Then, NPC selects action with high efficiency value. We have tested our algorithm on an action game. A random test subject performed a one-on-one game against an adaptive NPC in real-time. As a result, the action dispositions of both the subject and NPC are analyzed in a log file to determine whether or not the disposition of the subject is similar to that of the NPC. The statistics of the diverse test results shows that NPCs become adaptive to players with error rate within less than 6%.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.89-98
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• 2015

The artificial intelligence (AI) of Non-Player Companions (NPC), especially opponents, is a key element to adjust the level of games in game design. Smart opponents can make games more challenging as well as allow players for diverse experiences, even in the same game environment. Since game users interact with more than one opponent in most of today's games, collaboration control of opponent characters becomes more important than ever before. In this paper, we introduce a cooperative strategy based on the A* algorithm for enemies' AI in the Pac-Man game. A survey from 17 human testers shows that the levels with our collaborative opponents are more difficult but interesting than those with either the original Pac-Man's personalities or the non-cooperative greedy opponents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

In virtual environments, such as computer game and animation, we need to enhance naturalness of crowd simulation. So, we propose a method to generate dynamically moving crowd patterns by applying emotional factors to the individual characters of a crowd in the determination of their behavior. The proposed method mimics human behavior and controls each character in a group to decide its own path according to its individual status. And it is able to generate various moving patterns as a result of letting the individuals go to another group depending upon their conditions. In this paper, some temperament and feeling factors are defined and determination rules for calculating the emotional status are also proposed. Moreover we use a fuzzy theory for accurate representation of the ambiguous expressions such as feeling bad, feeling good and so on. Our experiments show that the suggested method can simulate virtual crowd in more natural and diverse ways.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2007

The importance of NPC's role in computer games is increasing. An NPC must perform its tasks by perceiving obstacles and other characters and by moving through them. It has been proposed to plan a natural-looking path against fixed obstacles by using a generalized visibility graph. In this paper we develop the execution module for an NPC to move efficiently along the path planned on the generalized visibility graph. The planned path consists of line segments and arc segments, so we define steering behaviors such as linear behaviors, circular behaviors, and an arriving behavior for NPC's movements to be realistic and utilize them during execution. The execution module also includes the collision detection capability to be able to detect dynamic obstacles and uses a decision tree to react differently according to the detected obstacles. The execution module is tested through the simulation based on the example scenario in which an NPC interferes the other moving NPC.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.20
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• pp.75-86
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• 2010

Recently, as the number of female players has increased rapidly, the electronic gaming industry has begun to look at ways to appeal to the largely untapped female market. According to the latest game market investigative report by China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC), the total number of game players in China increased by 24.8% in 2009, reached 69,130,000 people, and 38.9% of them are female players. This growth in the number of female player is corroborated by a series of investigative reports from IResearch Company in Shanghai, China: from 2003 to 2009, the number of female players grew from 8% to more than 49%. Therefore, no matter how much attention the game production companies have given to male players or how they have ignored the female players before, the companies would be sensible to face up this reality and adjust their marketing policy a bit more. This article analyzes gender preferences in video games which shows that male players are more likely to be attracted to elements of aggression, violence, competition and fast action in electronic game-playing, while female players are drawn to emotional and social aspects of the games such as an understanding of character relationships. The literatures cited indicates that female players also show apparent preference for games with familiar environments, games that allow players to work together, games that have more than one way to win, and games in which characters do not die. It also discusses the characteristics of female-friendly games from the aspect of emotion, pointing out that the simulation games involving pet, dressing-up, and social simulation games are very popular with female players. Because these are the most suitable game types to fill with emotions of love, share, jealousy, superiority, mystery, these are absolutely attractive to female players. Finally, in accord with the above, I propose some principles of designing female-oriented games, including presenting a good-looking leading character, making the story interesting with "live" NPCs(Non-Playing Characters), and finding ways to satisfy female nature instincts such as taking care of others and the inborn interest of classifying and selecting.