• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

Game AI(Artificial Intelligence) technologies implement the movement of autonomous characters and control the movement of Non-Player Characters(NPC). In this paper, we present several types of game AI control systems such as Movement Scripts, FSM(Finite State Machines), Hierarchical State Machines, fuzzy State Machines, and Pathfinding techniques and their limitations.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.1168-1174
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 실감형 Networked Virtual Environment (NVE)의 사실성 증진을 위한 Non Player Character (NPC)의 지능적 제어 프레임워크를 제안한다. 이 프레임워크는 반응의 다양성, 실시간성 그리고 NPC의 능동성면에서 기존 게임에서 사용되는 NPC 구현 기법과 차이가 있다. 기존 NPC 제어구조의 경우, 휴먼 사용자의 행동에 따른 NPC의 반응이 일정 스크립트나 규칙에 따르기 때문에 정형적이며, 또한 NPC의 반응시간에 대한 실시간성을 고려하지 않고 있다. 또한 NPC는 휴먼 사용자의 액션에 반응하는 종속적이고 수동적인 역할만을 담당한다. 제안하는 프레임워크에서는 NPC는 각자의 취향을 가지고 있어 다양한 반응과 행동양식을 보일 수 있으며, NPC의 행동 결정 시간에 어느 정도 실시간성을 부여할 수 있으며, 또한 NPC의 역할이 수동적 형태에서 벗어나 능동적으로 계획하여 행동을 실행할 수 있다. 프레임워크의 구현을 위해 SWI-Prolog의 Rule based 추론엔진과 유전자 알고리즘을 사용하였다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 2021

This paper analyzed the body images of the posthuman characters in digital games and the nomadic subjects formed through gameplay. Nomadic Subject is the subject with a complex and non-single identity that appears as a posthuman identity. The player experiences posthuman subject directly in the process of controlling characters. Body images of posthuman characters are categorized into three types that imitate idealized bodies, deform the bodies through articulation, and extend the bodies through equipment. The player builds ethical identity by making choices under the constraints of the game.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.271-277
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• 2017

In the image processing, foreground image extraction is mainly applied to recognize a moving object or an object. In the game, the objects included in the foreground image can be mainly characters, non player characters, items, and the like. These objects can be the player's primary concern with objects that are the target of players' movement, attack, defense, and collection. In this background, this research is a study to extract players' interest areas. To this end, first, the foreground image is extracted. Second, the extracted foreground image is accumulated for a certain period of time, and the image is displayed as a result image. The accumulated foreground image according to the play time helps to know the location and frequency of screen appearance of game objects. This study can help players design their interest areas and design an efficient UX/UI.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.53-66
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to show typology of Non Player Character(NPCs) and to look out what narrative functions of NPCs are served in Massively Multi-player Online Role-Playing Game(MMORPG). As the relationship with player characters and the propensity of actions, NPCs are classified 4types; passive helper, active helper, passive antagonist, active antagonist. Each type performs different functions of game narrative. Especially passive helper functions as a essential glue of movement in game world and makes the chain of quest narratives. Active antagonist functions as the cause of space perspective and creates dramatic effect of game narrative. Those functions make spacial, dimensional and extensible game narrative.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.345-348
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• 2004

플레이어의 상대 역할을 수행하는 NPC(Non-Player Character)의 구현은 게임에서 재미요소를 좌우하는 중요한 부분이다. 일반적인 NPC는 설정된 값에 따라, 동일한 조건에 대해 동일하게 반응하므로 플레이어로 하여금 예측 가능하게 하여 게임의 재미를 저하시키는 요인이 된다. 따라서 플레이어의 행동과 수준에 대하여 지능적으로 적절히 반응하는 NPC 기술이 필요하다. 본 논문은 퍼지 플러스터링을 이용한 플레이어의 게임 성향을 기반으로 NPC의 행동 반응을 조절함으로써 게임에 동적인 반응을 보이며 플레이어의 수준에 적절히 반응하도록 하는 NPC 기법을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.277-279
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 온라인 컴퓨터 게임에서 지능형 NPC가 수행할 수 있는 역할과 이러한 지능형 NPC를 구현하기 위해 요구되는 제어구조의 특성을 살펴본다. 그리고 종래에 사용되던 NPC 제어 방법들과 이들이 갖는 문제점들을 살펴보고 새로운 대안으로서 NPC 제어를 위해 UH-PRS의 적용을 제안한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 UM-PRS에 대한 간략한 소개와 NPC 제어구조에 적합한 UM-PRS의 특성을 설명한다. 또 본 논문에서는 대표적인 롤플레잉(role-playing) 게임인 Ultima Online에 서 개발중인 Umtimabot의 설계를 통해 U7-PRS의 적용가능성과 효과를 알아본다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2007

The maps in the world of the role playing games provide not only areas for motions and actions of player characters, but also worlds of totally included monsters and NPC(Non Player Character). However, the design of maps and monsters in them could not be tested for their balances until the games had been developed quite a bit. So they need additional expense of extension period of developments. In this paper, we have designed and developed a map simulator to expect the popularities of the maps in the early stage of the game planning in order to prevent inefficient concentration of users on some maps by expecting the popularities of the maps in the early stage of game planning and by setting the parameters of monster arrangements in the map.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

As the development of games continues, the intelligence of NPC is becoming more and more important. Nowadays, the NPCs of MMORPGS are not only capable of simple actions like moving and attacking players, but also utilizing variety of skills and tactics as human-players do. This study suggests a method that grants characters used in RPG(Role-Playing Game) an ability of training and adaptation using Neural network and Genetic Algorithm. In this study, a simple game-play model is constructed to test how suggested intellect characters could train and adapt themselves to game rules and tactics. In the game-play model, three types of characters(Tanker, Dealer, Healer) are used. Intellect character group constructed by NN and GA, and trained by combats against enemy character group constructed by FSM. As the result of test, the proposed intellect characters group acquire an appropriate combat tactics by themselves according to their abilities and those of enemies, and adapt change of game rule.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.121-137
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• 2024

This research studies NPCs applied by Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) Technology. This study set three independent variables as characteristics of the NPCs applied GPT. User immersion is set as a mediator variable, while user game satisfaction and loyalty are chosen as dependent variables. The Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory is employed to study user attitude changes, and immersion is examined through the Flow Theory. The study found that interactions between NPCs and users directly and indirectly influence user satisfaction and loyalty. This suggests that NPCs capable of providing users with desired information, rather than merely following predetermined protocols, can enhance the user's affinity for the game. Furthermore, the intelligence and human-likeness of NPCs were found to indirectly influence satisfaction and loyalty through immersion. These findings underscore the importance of GPT-applied NPCs in the gaming industry, with potential implications for the future development and enhancement of such NPCs within games.