• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.157-168
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• 2015

This study examined positive and negative marital factors on social adaptation to South Korea among North Korean refugees. In terms of previous studies, family variables play an important role in the adaptation to new society among refugees. We analyzed three major marital factors of marriage background, dyadic adjustment, and marital violence. Marital factors consisted of place of birth, place of marriage, dyadic consensus, dyadic satisfaction, dyadic cohesion, emotional violence, physical violence, and sexual violence. We analyzed the data of 295 North Korean refugees who resided in Seoul, Gyeonggi province and Incheon using snowballing sampling. The result indicated that the refugees married to non-Korean partners (including Korean-Chinese, Chinese, or Russian) are more likely to suffer in social adaptation. Place of marriage (whether the couple got married before escaping, during the escape or after living in South Korea) did not have a significant impact. Dyadic satisfaction was helpful in social adaptation, while sexual violence had a negative effect. The findings of this study suggest alternatives for more successful social adaptation by North Korean refugees to South Korea, a need for more services that target married couples and families rather than individuals, and suggestions for the use of counselors who are also North Korean refugees.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.3 s.43
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• pp.257-269
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• 1992

In the area of fashion business, market segmentation strategy has been paid attention for the purpose of assigning proficiently marketing resources. The use of fashion information in purchase decision process can serve as a base for market segmentation strategies. The purpose of this study was to identify four segmented profiles which are labelled as Print-oriented, Audio-visual oriented, Store intensive, and Pal advice group. Objectives were to determine fashion interest, fashion attitude and apparel selection criteria from each segment. For this study, the questionnaire was adminisered to 261 teachers and data were analyzed by using ANOVA, Regression and Pearson's Correlations. The results were as follows. 1. Print-oriented group had a positive attitude about fashion and they tended to place value on aesthetic and other-oriented criteria in selecting apparel. 2. Audio-visual oriented group had a strongly positive attitude about fashion but they tended to be less active toward buying fashion products and place much more value on other-oriented criteria in selecting apparel. 3. Store intensive group tended to be active toward buying fashion products. They had a positive attitude about fashion and placed value on aesthetic criteria in selecting apparel. 4. Pal advice group had a less positive attitude about fashion and tended to place value on economical and practical criteria in selecting apparel. Based on the profile of the each segment, it was suggested to express lingual or non-lingual symbols and to create concepts for meeting the needs of the segment

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is estimate response quality of three major portal in Korea based on the response time. In addition to response time, the response time by 1Kbyte will be analysed. Methods: Data was collected from July 2010 to November 2013 using Firebug. For comparing averages, ANOVA will be used. For comparing distributions, Chisquare test and Kolmogov-Smirnov test will be used for parametric and non parametric test respectively. Results: For response quality based on response time, Daum gets the first place, Naver the second place, and Nate the third place. But the order of the response time per 1Kbyte is different. The order is Naver, Daum and Nate. Conclusion: The response quality may be estimated using various factors. Response time is the most important factor. Daum provides the shortest response time. We could say Daum provides the best response quality. But Naver provides the shortest response time per 1Kbyte. From these results, we know reducing packets is very important thing in response time.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.675-680
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• 2004

This study was conducted to remove organics and nutrients using 2 stage intermittent aeration reactor. First reactor, using suspended microbial growth in intermittent aeration instead of anaerobic reactor in the typical BNR process, used minimum carbon source to release P, and it was possible to reduce ammonia loading going to second reactor. In the second reactor, using moving media intermittent aeration, it was effective to reduce nitrate in non-aeration time by attached microorganisms having long retention time. In aeration time, nitrification and P uptake were taken place simultaneously. From the experiment, two major results were as follows. First, the removal of organics was more than 90%, and optimum aeration/non-aeration time ratio for organic removal was corresponded with aeration/non-aeration time ratio for nitrogen removal. Second, in the first reactor, optimum aeration/non-aeration time ratio was 15/75 (min.) because it was necessary to maintain 75 min. of non-aeration time to suppress of impediment of return nitrate and to lead release of phosphate. In the second reactor, optimum aeration/non-aeration time ratio was 45/90 (min.).

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.77
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

Under CISG the places of delivery by the seller of the goods are: If the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at any other particular place and the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods, the seller has to hand the goods over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer. However, if the contract does not involve carriage of the goods, he has to place them at the buyer's disposal at the place where, at the time of the conclusion of the contract, both the seller and the buyer knew that the goods were at, or were to be manufactured or produced. This rule applies when the contract relates to specific goods, or unidentified goods to be drawn from a specific stock or to be manufactured or produced. Finally, in ant other cases the seller has to place the goods at the buyer's disposal at the place where the seller had his place of business at the time of the conclusion of the contract. As to time of delivery, if a date is fixed by or determinable from the contract, the seller has to deliver the goods on that date. If a period for delivery is fixed by or determinable from the contract, he has to deliver the goods on any date within that period. In this way the seller chooses the specific date of delivery within that period, while circumstances indicate otherwise that the choice is to be made by the buyer. There no such date or period, the seller has to deliver the goods within a reasonable time after the conclusion of the contract. If the seller delivers the goods before such the date or period, the buyer is entitled to take delivery or refuse to take delivery. Under these backgrounds of provisions of CISG, this study first suggests the concepts of the handing over of the goods by the seller to the carrier and the placing them at the buyer's disposal. Then it goes further to looks into exactly where and when the delivery has to occur. In these context, this study more examines what happens if there is a breach of contract by the seller in connection with the delivery. That is, if the seller delivers non-conforming goods or at wrong place; what if there is a partial delivery or a premature delivery.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

Ameliorating mechanisms of red ginseng on learning deficits were investigated in the following 3 experiments; its effects on 1) place learning deficits in aged rats and in young rats with selective hippocampal lesions (behavioral study), 2) long-term potentiation in the hippocampal formation (neuro- physiological study), and 3) ChAT (choline acetyl transferase) activity in various brain regions of aged rats (pharmacological study). In the behavioral study, first, performance in the place learning tasks were compared among 3 groups of young and aged rats; control young intact rats (10-12 week old) treated with water, aged rats (28-32 month old) treated with water, and aged rats (28-32 month old) treated with red ginseng (100 mghglday) suspended in water. Second, performance in the place learning tasks was compared among 3 groups of young rats; control intact rats treated with water, rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions treated with water, and rats with bilateral hippocampal lesions treated with red ginseng (100 mg/kg/day). Each rat in these 2 behavioral experiments was tested with the 3 types of the place learning tasks in a circular open field using intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) as reward. The ICSS reward was delivered if the rat (1) moved distance of 100-160 cm (DMT): (2) entered an experiment-determined reward place within the open field, and this place was randomly varied in sequential trials (RRPST); or (3) entered 2 specific places, and did a shuttle behavior between the 2 places (PLT). Performance of the aged rats in the ginseng group was not significantly different from that of control young rats in ICSS (current intensity, bar press rates), DMT and RRPST. However, treatment with red ginseng significantly ameliorated place-navigation learning deficits in aged rats in the PLT. Similarly, red ginseng ameliorated learning and memory deficits in young rats with hippocampal lesions in the same tasks. In the neurophysiological study using young rats, perfusion of hippocampal slices with non-sapon in fraction of red ginseng significantly enhanced magnitudes of the long-term potentiation (LfP) in the CA3 subfield. In the pharmacological study, treatment with red ginseng did not affect ChAT activity in aged rat brain including the hippocampal formation. These results strongly suggest that red ginseng ameliorates learning and memory deficits in aged rats through actions on the CA3 subfield of the hippocampal formation, which were independent of the presynaptic components of the cholinergic system

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.202-214
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• 1994

An upper bound elemental technique(UBET) is applied to predict the forging load and die-cavity filling for non-axisymmetric ring forging. In order to analyze the process easily, it is suggested that the finial product is divided into three different deformation regions. That is axisymmetric part in corner, lateral plane-strain part and shear deformation on boundaries between them. the place-strain and axisymmetric part are combinded by building block method. Also the total energy is computered through combination of three deformation part. Experiments have been carried out with pure plasticine billets at room temperature. The theoretical predictions of the forging load and the flow pattern are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to describe the physical processes taking place in the solar photosphere. Based on 3D hydrodynamic simulations including a detailed radiation transfer scheme, we investigate thermodynamic structures and radiation fields in solar surface convection. As a starting model, the initial stratification in the outer envelope calculated using the solar calibrations in the context of the standard stellar theory. When the numerical fluid becomes thermally relaxed, the thermodynamic structure of the steady-state turbulent flow was explicitly collected. Particularly, a non-grey radiative transfer incorporating the opacity distribution function was considered in our calculations. In addition, we evaluate the classical approximations that are usually adopted in the onedimensional stellar structure models. We numerically reconfirm that radiation fields are well represented by the asymptotic characteristics of the Eddington approximation (the diffusion limit and the streaming limit). However, this classical approximation underestimates radiation energy in the shallow layers near the surface, which implies that a reliable treatment of the non-grey line opacities is crucial for the accurate description of the photospheric convection phenomenon.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.53.3-53.3
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• 2017

While quasars are sparse in number density, they reside at relatively high-redshift as compared to galaxies. Hence, they are likely to be less non-linearly evolved than the galaxy population, and thus have a distribution that more closely mirrors the primordial density field. Therefore, they offer an intriguing opportunity to search for primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG). To this end, the 3-point correlation function (3PCF) is an excellent statistical tool to detect departures from Gaussianity, vanishing for a Gaussian field. In this work, we will make the first-ever measurement of the large-scale quasar 3PCF from the SDSS-IV DR14 quasar sample (spanning the largest volume to-date) to place constraints on PNG through the usual f_NL-type parametrization. This work will use the order N^2-time 3PCF algorithm of Slepian & Eisenstein (2015), with N the number of objects.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• summer
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• pp.263-268
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• 2004

The inverse kinematics problem is to find a set of joint variable values that will place the end effector of a robot manipulator into a given pose. Pieper has shown that a sufficient condition for a manipulator to have a closed form solution is that three adjacent joint axes intersects, hence the six axes robot with spherical wrist allows closed form solution. But many industrial robots have a non-spherical wrist to provide a stronger wrist configuration so that they can handle heavy payloads. Also, the use of a non-spherical wrist can result in a cheap and simple wrist arrangement than when all three axes intersect at a common point. In these cases, closed form solutions cannot be found. Therefore numerical technique must be used to solve the inverse kinematics equations. This paper proposes a new algorithm that can be used for finding inverse kinematics solution of the six axes robot with non-spherical wrist. Computer simulations are provided to prove the usefulness of our method.