• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2021

This study aims to suggest the direction of urban regeneration policies of Gangwon-do in accordance with COVID-19 outbreak, and the results are as follows. First, it is inevitable to urgently execute the project from the perspective of cities and counties in Gangwon-do, where the promotion of urban regeneration projects has been delayed due to COVID-19 incident. As a result, it is highly likely to cause the employees overloaded and have negative effect on achieving the goals of urban regeneration, so, it is necessary to provide support measures at the government and provincial level, such as the actual execution index and the adjusting time of start and completion of particular business. Second, as the uncertainty of COVID-19 continues, it needs to strengthen the operation and monitoring of urban regeneration support centers in Gangwon-do and examine the changes in business operation plans in advance. In particular, the decrease in visitors to traditional markets and restaurants is expected to have a direct effect on small business owners engaged in the service industry. Therefore, it is necessary to actively consider the utilization plans of smart city regeneration, such as online shopping and non-contact payment. Third, it is necessary to phase in smart urban regeneration training focused on information weakness to narrow the digital gap, in preparation for general lifestyle changes such as contactless and non-face-to-face interactions. At a time when new light is being shed on local areas, which are quieter than heavily populated cities, a project that reflects the regional characteristics and culture of Gangwon-do is necessary.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제7권12호
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• pp.955-963
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• 2017

핀테크 기술은 모바일 뱅킹 및 지불의 핵심으로 대두되어 있고, 현재 우리나라에서는 전통적인 대면거래로부터 비대면 핀테크 기반 뱅킹 및 지불로 급격한 금융시장의 변화가 이루어지고 있다. 특히 스마트폰은 지문센서, 홍채센서 등 다양한 생체인식 센서를 갖춤으로써 본인확인의 핵심 도구가 되어 있다. 하지만 이러한 금융거래에 있어서 데이터전송 경로상의 해킹 및 파밍의 위협이 상존하고 있고, 이러한 위험을 회피하기 위한 다양한 보안체계 및 다단계 본인인증 절차가 적용되어 있다. 결과적으로 다양한 보안체계와 본인인증 절차가 위험을 줄여주는 효과가 있음은 분명하나, 상반되게 금융거래와 지불에 있어서 상당한 불편함을 가중시키고 있는 것도 사실이다. 본 논문은 이러한 보안체계 적용에 있어서 무선랜과 이동통신망 등 네트워크 경로에 따라 서로 다른 감성신뢰도가 있음을 확인하고, 네트워크 접속경로에 따른 점진적 본인인증 방법을 제안함으로써 사용자에게 신뢰도와 불편함에 있어서 효율적인 해결방법을 제안한다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2012

본 연구는 공공공사 공기연장 시 발생하는 추가간접비의 지급개선방안에 관한 연구이다. 현장사례를 통해 공기연장 추가 간접비 미지급 원인을 분석한 결과 실비의 인정범위에 대한 다툼 및 증빙의 어려움이 있는 것으로 조사되었으며, 전문가 의견조사 실시결과 통계적 기준이 명확하다면 공기연장 추가간접비의 인정범위를 합의하는 '공기연장 사전합의 제도'를 실시할 수 있을 것으로 조사되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 다수의 현장 실비자료를 집계하여 공사프로젝트의 공종별, 공사금액별, 공사기간별 측면에서 산정하였다. 산정한 결과 공종 및 공사기간별 요인은 공사기간연장 추가간접비 발생금액에 직접적 영향을 미치는 것으로 볼 수 없으나 도급계약금액요인에 따라서는 직접적 연관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 계약금액별 공사기간연장에 따른 추가비용인 '공기연장 표준추가간접비'를 제시하였으며, 공기연장비용 사전합의 제도를 시행하기 위한 제도적 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.595-628
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• 2011

본 연구는 한국개발연구원의 예비타당성조사에서 문화 과학 시설 등의 비정형 사업에 대한 편익 평가의 기법으로 활용도가 커지고 있는 CVM의 분석체계를 고찰하고 개선과제를 제시하였다. CVM의 설계에서 시장영역, 즉 목표모집단의 설정, 소득세라는 지불수단, 5년간 연단위로 한정하는 지불 방법, 저항응답의 사유 등에 대해서는 추가적인 논의가 필요하고, CVM의 설계에서 편의를 줄일 수 있는 전문가 검토, 표적집단조사, 사전조사, 본조사가 운영되도록 하여야 한다. 한편 CVM의 지불의사 유도 방법으로 활용되고 있는 단일 및 이중 양분선택형 질문방식에 의한 지불의사 유도 방법이 일반적이지만, 이 모형들과 관련된 쟁점에 대한 검토와 더불어 이외의 모형에 대해서도 검토하는 작업이 필요하다. WTP 함수 추정에 가정하고 있는 특정 분포 가정을 다양화하여 WTP의 변동성을 검토하고, 모수적 분포 이외에 비모수적 기법을 활용하여 WTP 함수를 추정하는 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 아울러 0의 지불의사 문제와 저항응답을 처리하기 위한 다양한 시도가 필요하며, 지불거부여부를 제시금액 이전에 제시하는 등의 질문 순서의 변화 등을 통한 지불거부자 파악 과정에서 발생하는 편의를 회피하는 노력 등도 검토되어야 한다.

• 의료법학
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.11-38
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• 2012

The Supreme Court stand in the position in specific lawsuit that it doesn't allow the discretionary not covered service, but recently in revocation suit of fine disposal that is imposed on medical fee of leukemia patient, it altered the existing adjudgement and admitted the discretionary not covered service exceptionally. It put forward the allowable condition roughly in that case. According as this alteration, it has become more important to embody the allowance conditions of exceptions. The Supreme Court presented three things, which are procedural condition, medical condition and subscriber's agreement. Concerning procedural condition, several present conciliation procedures are as follows: medical care benefit arret request, relative value conciliation etc, prior request on anti-cancer drug among chemicals which exceed acceptance criteria, request of non benefit object on common drugs. To be granted the existence of those system, there should be no obstacle to use that. Even if it were so, we should take circumstances into consideration; individual situation is unescapable concerning substance and urgency of the discretionary not covered service, process of the procedure, time required etc. Regarding medical condition, safety and effectiveness will be verified through evaluation procedures of new medical skill. About the necessity, the Supreme Court made clear through a sentence that it allow the discretionary not covered service, in case that needs to treat a patient out of the standard of medical benefit. Strict interpretation is right and it answer the purpose of the sentence that the supreme court permit the discretionary not covered service, exceptionally. We need to differentiate medical necessity and medical validity. Subscriber's agreement should holds true if it entails full explanation, and if it is preliminary, explicit and individual. On this account, it should be difficult to admit that someone agree effectively when he call for the affirmation that he is recipient of medical care. Reasonable expense needs to be a part of review whether the agreement is valid. Meanwhile If we adjust system of medical expense and eventually reorganize a fee for consultation payment system (Fee-for-service controlled by item to DRG (Diagnosis Related Groups)), controversial area of the discretionary not covered service will be decreased and that will guarantee the discretion of the doctor.

• 의료법학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.123-164
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• 2014

Under the new system of 'Separation of pharmaceutical prescription and dispensing' in Korea, which was implemented in 2000, physician could not dispense a medicine, and outpatient should have a physician's prescription filled at a drugstore. After pharmacist makes up outpatient's prescription, National Health Insurance Service(NHIS) pay for outpatient's medicine to pharmacist, except an outpatient's own medicine charge. And NHIS only pay for outpatient's prescription fee to physician and, physician doesn't derive profit from dispensing medicine in itself. Nevertheless, if physician writes out a prescription with violation of 'Criteria for the Medical Care Benefits', NHIS clawed back the payment of outpatient's prescription and medicine from the physician or the medical institution which the physician belongs to. In the past, NHIS's confiscation was in accordance with 'the National Health Care Insurance Act, Article 52, Clause 1'. But, since 2006 when the Supreme Court declared that there was no legal basis on the NHIS's confiscation of outpatient's medicine payment, NHIS had put in a claim for illegal prescriptions on the basis 'the Korean Civil law, Article 750(tort)'. So, Many medical institutions filed civil actions against NHIS. The key point of this actions was whether the issuing outpatient prescriptions with violations of Criteria for the Medical Care Benefits constitute of the law of tort. On this point, the first trial and the second trial took different position. Finally the Supreme Court acknowledged the constitution of the law of tort in 2013. In this paper, the author will review critically the decision of the Supreme Court, and consider the relativeness between the legal effect of Criteria for the Medical Care Benefits and the constitution of the issuing outpatient prescriptions with violations of Criteria for the Medical Care Benefits as the law of tort.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2002

Objective : To estimate the socioeconomic costs of obesity in Korea,1998. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(1998 NHNES) data was used and 10,880 persons who had taken health examinations were selected for study. Essential hypertension, NIDDM(non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus), dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, coronary heart disease, stroke were included as obesity related disease. The data of direct costs of obesity was obtained from the National Federation of Medical Insurance. The category of indirect costs was the loss of productivity caused by premature death and admission, time costs, traffic costs, nursing fees due to obesity. Multiple logistic regression model was developed to estimate prevalence odds ratio by obesity class adjusted demographic and socio-ecnomic factors and calculate PAF(Population Attributable Fraction) of obesity on obesity related disease. And we finally calculated the socioeconomic costs of obesity in relation to BMI with PAF. Results : The direct costs of obesity were 2,126 billion${\sim}965$ billion Won in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, and the indirect costs of obesity were 2,099 billion${\sim}1,086$ billion Won. Consequently, in considering out of pocket payment to uninsured services, the socioeconomic costs of obesity were 4.225 billion${\sim}2,050$ billion Won, which corresponded to about $0.094%{\sim}0.046%$ of GDP and $1.88%{\sim}0.91$ of total health care costs in Korea. Conclusions : Obesity represents a major health problem with significant economic implications for the society. This results are conservative estimates as far as all obesity related disease and all health care and indirect costs were not included due to missing information. further studies are needed to caculate socioeconomic costs of obesity more exactly.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences of the general characteristics of subjects, the utilizing realities and the degree of satisfaction in the shopping mall and purchasing intention between group I that specializes in fashion design and group II that doesn't specialize in it. The results are summarized as the following six aspects. First, as a result of the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities, the most different variables were the visiting frequency and the goods purchasing frequency. The result indicated that group II took more interests than group I. Second, as a result of the degree of satisfaction according to the factors of the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities in the shopping mall, both group I and group II showed high degree of satisfaction in factor 1 (variety of event) whereas both groups showed relatively low degree of satisfaction in factor 3 (variety of goods). Third, as a result of the degree of satisfaction according to the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities, group I showed significant differences in the degree of satisfaction according to a monthly allowance of pocket money and goods purchasing frequency and group II showed significant differences in the degree of satisfaction according to grade, the utilizing reason, goods purchasing frequency. Fourth, as a result of purchasing intention of fashion goods according to the general characteristics of subjects and the utilizing realities, group I showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods in group that the terms of payment was on-line payment than group that they was credit card. On the other hand, group II showed a significant difference in grade, which showed that group that was above third grade had the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than group that was under third grade. Fifth, as a result of purchasing intention of fashion goods according to the degree of satisfaction, group I showed significant differences in factor 1 and factor 3 among the degree of satisfaction. In other words, group that had high degree of satisfaction in factor 1 showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than other groups and group that had medium degree of satisfaction in factor 3 showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than other groups. In group II, on the other hands, group that had high total degree of satisfaction showed the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods than other groups. Sixth, as a result of relative influencing power of independent variable with respect to purchasing intention of fashion goods in group I, the higher degree of satisfaction in factor 1 and the lower degree of satisfaction in factor 3 showed, the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods showed. As a result of relative influencing power of independent variable in group II, however, the higher grade and the higher degree of satisfaction in factor 1 showed, the higher purchasing intention of fashion goods showed.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.209-255
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• 1991

본 연구의 목적은, 외국기업이(미국의 입장에서 본) 미국기업을 인수할 때에 경쟁자인 미국기 업보다 왜 상대적으로 높은 프레미엄을 지불하는가를 설명할 수 있는 간단한 이론적 모형을 설정하는 것이다. 이와 함께, 본고는 외국기업이 미국기업을 인수할 경우에 발생한다고 여겨지는, 상대적으로 높은 피인수기업(被引受企業)의 재산증식효과(the wealth effect of foreign takeovers)및 그것의 결정요인(決定要因)에 대한 실증적 분석결과를 제시한다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면, 기업인수에 의한 피인수기업의 재산증식효과는 외국기업이 미국기업을 인수한 경우가, 미국기업이 자국기업을 인수한 경우보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 물론, 이 결과를 얻기 위해, 피 인수기업의 재산증식효과에 영향을 미치는 다른 요인들, 예를 들어, 지불방식(支拂方式)(payment method), 인수형태(引受形態)(acquisition type), 납세상황(納稅狀況)(tax status), 피인수기업(被引受企業)의 규모(規模) 및 인수발표시점(引受發表時點) 등의 요인들을 미리 통제하였다. 그리고, 피인수기업의 재산증식효과는, 외국기업이 미국기업 인수를 위해 조달한 부채(負債)의 이자지불에 대한 모국 및 미국에서의 이중적인 법인세 감면에 의해 설명될 수 있다는 것이 횡단면 회귀분석 결과에 의해 밝혀졌다. 이 결과는 각국(各國)의 상이한 조세제도(調稅制度)가 외국기업이 미국기업 인수시에 발생하는 재산증식효과의 주요원천이라는 것을 의미한다. 그뿐만 아니라, 본 연구는 외국기업(外國企業)의 국적(國籍)이 피인수기업의 재산증식효과에 영향을 미친다는 것도 발견하였다. 특히 일본기업들이 다른 국가 기업들보다 상대적으로 높은 프레미엄를 지불하였다. 그리고 인수기업들 사이에(외국기업 대 외국기업 혹은 외국기업 대 미국기업)경쟁이 존재할 경우, 피인수기업의 주주들이 누리게 되는 초과수익(超過收益)(abnormal returns)이 그렇지 않을 경우보다 훨씬 높다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 이 결과는 기업경영권(企業經營權)을 매매하는 국제시장(國際市場)(global market for corporate controls)도 미국국내의 기업경영권 시장 만큼 경쟁적이라는 것을 시사한다. 한편으로, 외환(外換)의 구매력지수(購買力指數)로부터의 이탈(離脫)(deviation from purchasing power parity)이나, 외국의 인수기업과 미국의 피인수기업의 산업적 특성 등은 피인수기업의 재산증식효과와는 무관하다는 것이 판명되었다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

Recently as return farmers has been increased rapidly, the introduction of a system of rental housing is being considerated in order to induce regional fixation. It was examined organizational management, business scope of rural type rental housing, management role, through the analysis about the management realities of the business of similar form Rural-Fishing New Town project. Jangseonggun and Hwasungun have maneged rental housing 280ho in Rural-Fishing New Town project. It is large village among Rural Rental Housing. And these counties have organized the complex on a large scale among the rental housing. Local governments have managed and operated directly, also these governments have two different methods for the co-management, and the way of making payment. Rental housing management services are divided into rental management, housing management, tenant management. Rental management services such as residents of recruitment, tenants and retreat, rent collection and the storage, management and leasing promotion of the cantilever, surveys of residents. Housing management services such as check of various facilities, maintenance and maintenance work, security and cleaning and daily facility management. Tenant management is life management in connection with housing welfare. In the rural type of rental housing, there are few cases to operate a management office. It is often supplied by rental housing to buy a house or vacant land within the existing village. In this case, by utilizing community facilities within the existing village instead of establishment of extra facilities,It doesn't need to make payment for maintenance fee. In the smaller complex than No. 20, it is self-managed by the tenants in order to reduce the administrative costs and specify the necessary municipal manager. Organization form can be maneged directly from local governments and part of for the management of the building can be employed a mixed management system to delegate management to private organizations such as non-profit organizations or neighborhood association. Tenant management helps people who move in a rental house live on stable circumstance in there area by connection with the program of life support.