• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.479-508
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• 1994

This study was designed to investigate the reciprocal movement which was derived form application of active torque in ideal archwire by computer-aided three-dimensional finite element analysis of maxillary teeth and surrounding periodontal ligament composed of 2617 elements and 3725 nodes. Ideal archwire model was also made using the beam elements and the contact between the wire and the bracket slot was made using the gap element. In this study non-linear elastic behaviors of contact between the wire and the bracket slot were considered on. We put the active torque between the lateral and cenral incisor and between the second premolar and the first molar with/without cinch-back. The results were expressed by quantitative and visible ways. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. Reciprocal actions to active torque were complex system consisting of a combination of counter-torque, bucco-lingual linear displacement and tipping, rotation of the teeth, occluso-gingival linear displacement. 2. When active anterior crown labial torque was applied, crown labial tippings of the lateral were the greatest, and those of the central incisor was the next, Crown lingual tippings of the canine and the first premolar, mesial rotations and extrusion of the lateral and distal rotations and intrusion of the canine occurred. When anterior torque with the cinch-back was applied, amount of crown labial tippings of the lateral and central incisor were reduced. Amount of crown lingual tipping of the canine and the first premolar were increased. Mesial tippings and mesial rotations of the second molar occurred. 3. When active posterior crown lingual torque was applied, crown lingual tippings of the first moalr were the greatest, and crown labial tippings of the second premolar and the first premolar were the next, the crown lingual tipping of the second molar were a little. Mesial rotations of the second premolar occurred but those of the first premolar didn't occurred.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.72-77
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• 1997

In the temperature analysis of hot metal forming process, the heat transfer conditions between the work-piece and the tool have improtant influences upon the temperature distribution. The accuracy of thermal analysis depends on the proper description of boundary conditions including heat transfer. At the contact surface of two materials with different temperatures, this requires the knowledge of the overall heat transfer coefficient. In order to determine the overall heat transfer coefficient, a technique is developed. The technique involves temperature measurement by using thermocouples during hot upsetting operations and finite element computation. The overall heat transfer coefficient is determined using a non-linear optimization technique.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.80-87
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• 2006

Seals are usually made from elastomer, a kind of rubber, and it has the non-linearity and hyper-elasticity. U-type seals are used to prevent the leakage of internal fluid sealed in hydraulic actuator because they have more excellent performance than O-rings or rectangular seals. As a core part of hydraulic actuator, U-type seal gives much effect on performance and reliability of actuator. This study considers an NBR U-type seal under high pressure of a hydraulic actuator, and provides its deformation, stress-strain characteristic and contact force using the non-linear finite element analysis. Analysis results are compared with the experimental ones performed by the self-developed testing equipment. Verification result shows that this study presents a good application process for the effective design of U-type seals under high operation pressure.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.85-106
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• 2015

Postbuckling of thick plates made of functionally graded material (FGM) subjected to in-plane compressive, thermal and thermomechanical loads is investigated in this work. It is assumed that the plate is in contact with a Pasternak-type elastic foundation during deformation. Thermomechanical non-homogeneous properties are considered to be temperature independent, and graded smoothly by the distribution of power law across the thickness in the thickness in terms of the volume fractions of constituents. By employing the higher order shear deformation plate theory together the non-linear von-Karman strain-displacement relations, the equilibrium and compatibility equations of imperfect FGM plates are derived. The Galerkin technique is used to determine the buckling loads and postbuckling equilibrium paths for simply supported plates. Numerical examples are presented to show the influences of power law index, foundation stiffness and imperfection on the buckling and postbuckling loading capacity of the plates.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2024

The ultimate purpose of this study is as follows: The current primary concern in the defense sector revolves around how to strategically utilize Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies in combat. The Fourth Industrial Revolution denotes a shift towards an environment where automation and connectivity are maximized, driven by technologies such as artificial intelligence. Coined by Klaus Schwab in the 2015 Davos Forum, this term highlights the significant role of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Particularly, the military application of Fourth Industrial Revolution technologies is expected to be actively researched and implemented. Combat involves military actions between units, typically conducted as part of a larger war, with units striving to achieve one or more objectives. The concept of combat refers to the fundamental ideas of how units should engage with the enemy, both presently and in future scenarios, to achieve assigned objectives.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권8호
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• pp.1164-1169
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• 2014

Recently, an interest in a hybrid system combining only the merits of the conventional wheel-rail system and Maglev propulsion system is growing as an alternative to high-speed maglev train. This hybrid-type system is based on wheel-rail method, but it enables to overcome the speed limitation by adhesion because it is operated by a non-contact method using a linear motor as a propulsion system and reduce the overall construction costs by its compatibility with the conventional railway systems. Therefore, the design and characteristic analysis of a coreless-type superconducting Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) for 600km/h very high speed railway system are conducted in this paper. The designed coreless-type superconducting LSMs are the distributed winding model, the concentrated 1 layer winding model and the concentrated 2 layer winding model, respectively. In addition, the characteristic comparison studies on each LSM are conducted.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.157-157
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• 2017

To minimize the damage by wild birds and acquire the benefits such as protection against weeds and maintenance of water content in soil, the mulching black color vinyl after seeding should be carried out. Non-contact and non-destructive methods that can continuously determine the locations are necessary. In this study, a crop position detection method was studied that uses infrared thermal image sensor to determine the cotyledon position under vinyl mulch. The moving system for acquiring image arrays has been developed for continuously detecting crop locations under plastic mulching on the field. A sliding mechanical device was developed to move the sensor, which were arranged in the form of a linear array, perpendicular to the array using a micro-controller integrated with a stepping motor. The experiments were conducted while moving 4.00 cm/s speed of the IR sensor by the rotational speed of the stepping motor based on a digital pulse width modulation signal from the micro-controller. The acquired images were calibrated with the spatial image correlation. The collected data were processed using moving averaging on interpolation to determine the frame where the variance was the smallest in resolution units of 1.02 cm. Non-linear integral interpolation was one of method for analyzing the frequency using the normalization image and then arbitrarily increasing the limited data value of $16{\times}4pixels$ in one frame. It was a method to relatively reduce the size of overlapping pixels by arbitrarily increasing the limited data value. The splitted frames into 0.1 units instead of 1 pixel can propose more than 10 times more accurate and original method than the existing correction method. The non-integral calibration method was conducted by applying the subdivision method to the pixels to find the optimal correction resolution based on the first reversed frequency. In order to find a correct resolution, the expected location of the first crop was indicated on near pixel 4 in the inversion frequency. For the most optimized resolution, the pixel was divided by 0.4 pixel instead of one pixel to find out where the lowest frequency exists.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2002

계자코일에 흐르는 교류전류로 전자기장을 유도하고, 결함에 의하여 누설되는 자속을 간극을 갖는 헤드로 측정하여 결함을 검출하는 새로운 비파괴탐상장치를 구성하였다. 이 탑상장치는 비접촉으로 강자성체의 구조물 요소에 존재하는 표면결항을 검출하고, 그 크기를 평가하는데 적용할 수 있다. 본 논문은 강자성체에 도입한 2차원 표면결함에 적용하여 결함의 평가를 실시하였다. 또한 측정주파수와 lift-off가 이들 평가에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 결함은 전압 분포에서 최대치로 검출할 수 있고, 이 최대전압의 변화는 결함의 깊이가 증가함에 따라 증가한다. 결함의 최대전압은 주파수와 lift-off 의 영향을 받지만, 작은 깊이의 결함은 깊이와 전압이$(V_0/V_{ave})$의 관계로부터 선형적으로 예측할 수 있다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2019

본 논문에서는 압분광법을 기반으로 강재에 작용하는 응력을 비파괴/비접촉식으로 측정할 수 있는 새로운 방법은 제안하고, 이에 대한 가능성을 실험적으로 검증하였다. 분광법은 일반적으로 대상물의 화학적 성분을 분석하는데 주로 사용되며, 토목분야에서는 강재의 부식을 판단하는데 일부 사용되고 있다. 압분광법은 대상물이 하중을 받을 때 측정된 스펙트럼이 하중이 없는 상태에서 측정된 스펙트럼으로부터 이동(Shift)되는 현상인, 압분광현상을 기반으로 응력을 측정하는 방법이다. 여기서, 응력-스펙트럼 이동 관계를 선형으로 가정하였을 때, 압분광 계수를 도출할 수 있으며, 이를 통하여 현재상태의 응력을 측정할 수 있다. 해당 기술은 레이저를 기반으로한 비접촉식 응력측정 기술로써, 최근에 철도 구조물에 대한 응력 측정을 시작으로 다양한 토목구조물의 응력측정에 대한 적용이 시도되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 압분광법 기술을 이용하여 강구조물의 응력을 측정할 수 있도록, 용사코팅을 이용하여 알루미나를 구조용 강재표면에 도포하고, 일축압축 하중시험을 수행하여 각 하중단계에서의 스펙트럼 이동(Shift)값을 확인하였다. 이를 통하여, 각 하중값과 스펙트럼 이동값이 선형관계임을 확인하였다. 따라서, 이와 같은 선형적인 관계로 부터, 1차 선형식의 상수값인 압분광 계수를 도출하고, 이를 통하여 강재에 작용하는 응력을 측정할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2015

Purpose: The balance between miscanthus production and its cost effectiveness depends greatly on its moisture content during post processing. The objective of this research was to measure the moisture content using a non-destructive and non-contact methodology for in situ applications. Methods: The moisture content of comminuted miscanthus was controlled using a closed chamber, a humidifier, a precision weigher, and a real-time monitoring software developed in this research. A CMOS sensor equipped with $50{\times}$ magnifier lens was used to capture magnified images of the conditioned materials with moisture content level from 5 to 30%. The hypothesis is that when light is incident on the comminuted particles in an inclined manner, higher moisture content results in light being reflected with a higher intensity. Results: A linear regression analysis for an initiative hypothesis based on general histogram analysis yielded insufficient correlations with low significance level (<0.31) for the determination coefficient. A significant relationship (94% confidence level) was determined at level 108 in a reverse accumulative histogram proposed based on a revised hypothesis. A linear regression model with the value at level 108 in the reverse accumulative histogram for a magnified image as the independent variable and the moisture content of comminuted miscanthus as the dependent variable was proposed as the estimation model. The calibrated linear regression model with a slope of 92.054 and an offset of 32.752 yielded 0.94 for the determination coefficient (RMSE = 0.2%). The validation test showed a significant relationship at the 74% confidence level with RMSE 6.4% (n = 36). Conclusions: To compensate the inconsistent significance between calibration and validation, an estimation model robust against various systematic interferences is necessary. The economic efficiency of miscanthus, which is a promising energy resource, can be improved by the real-time measurement of its crucial material properties.