• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.270-275
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• 2000

In order to investigate the proper processing of food wastes with miraculous soil-microorganisms (MS) for final use of swine feeds, calory, amino acid and fatty acid in food wastes were determined in relation with fermentation process with MS microorganism complex. Aflatoxin test was also performed to check safety of the fermented food wastes. Calory of food wastes was determined in average $7.60\;Kcal{\cdot}g^{-1}\;D.W.$ In finally processed food wastes, total content of amino acid was $93.0\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}]\;D.W$, showing 18.5% of increase by the anaerobic fermentation. Essential and non-essential amino acids were measured at respectively 34.43 and $58.56\;mg{\cdot}g^{-1}\;D.W.$ Leucine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and threonine of essential amino acids and proline and glutamic acid of non-essential amino acids were highly composed as compared to others. The composition of fatty acid in food wastes was also increased by anaerobic fermentation for 3 weeks. Palmitic acid, oleic acid and palmitoleic acid were more important in quantity. Present results indicate that food wastes properly processed with MS have enough calory and are safe from aflatoxin, and that anaerobic fermentation with MS microorganism in an efficient process for hydrolyzing protein and lipids in food wastes.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.476-481
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• 2005

This study was carried out to analyze the components of the Angelica dahurica root for the studies of the physiological function. General components of A. dahurica root were 71.7% moisture, 10.6% carbohydrate, 9.3% crude protein, 6.6% crude ash and 1.9% crude fat. The content of reducing sugar was 1,850 mg/100 g. The total amount of free sugar was 80 mg/100 g, in which 19.3 mg/100 g fructose, 27.8 mg/100 g glucose, 28.4 mg/100 g sucrose and 4.5 mg/100 g maltose were present. In the results of mineral analysis, the content of K was the highest(2,145.03 mg/100 g) followed by 286.35 mg/100 g Mg and 145.23 mg/100 g Ca. The total amount of hydrolyzed amino acid was 71.68 mg/100 g, in which 20.98 mg/100 g essential amino acid and 50.70 mg/100 g of non-essential amino acid were present. Among them, proline(11.74 mg/100 g) was the highest. Total free amino acids were contained 17.04 mg/100 g, in which 6.67 mg/100 g of essential amino acids and 10.37 mg/100 g of non-essential amino acids were present. Among them alanine(5.96 mg/100 g) was the highest. Total content of amino acid derivatives was 3.37 mg/100 g.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 2003

This paper was performed to analyze the nutritional components for the basic of studies to estimate the nutritional and functional valuation of mushroom(Sarcodon aspratus) The contents of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate in mushroom were 89.93, 1.18, 3.67. 0.96 and 4.26%, respectively. The major free sugar were glucose, sucrose, trehalose, xylose, and cantained more trehalose than other sugars. The total content of amino acids was 796.85mg/100g-fr.wt. And the contents of essential and non-essential amino acid of hydrolyzed amino acid was 300.77 and 486.08mg/100g-fr.wt, respectively. Mushroom contained mush valine, leucine, threonine, Iysine, alanine, glycine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. The contents of essential and non-essential amino acid of free amino acid was 124.95, 138.52mg/100g-fr.wt., respectively. and were cantained mush methionine, Iysine, valine arginine, Aspartic arid, and tyrosine. The content of Amino acid derivatives 46.81 mg/100g-fr.wt., and were contained mush mornithine, sarcosine, ${\beta}$-alanine, and phosphoserine. The content of vitamin C was 5.43 mg/100g-fr.wt. The contents of sodium and potassium were 375.73, 61.82mg/100g, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to increase essential oil and aromatic contents on roots of Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv with different shading treatments. Vine length was prolonged by shading treatment compared with non-shading. Fresh root weight in 75% shading treatment was highest with 13g per plant. Crude components such as crude protein, fat and fiber contents decreased, while crude ash increased as shading degree increased. Forty-eight volatile aromatic compounds in the root were identified by GC/MS. Major aromatic compounds were 1-hexanol, cis-3-hexanol, and trans-2-hexanol. In particular, trans-2-hexanol was highest in the 75% shading treatment attaining the 160.32 % area. Conclusively, it was suggested that the 75% shading treatment was to some extent effective to improve the content of essential oil and aromatics in the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.4671-4675
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• 2015

Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) is widely consumed in tropical and subtropical regions for their valuable nutritional and medicinal characteristics. Recently, extensive research has been conducted on leaf extracts of M. oleifera to evaluate their potential cytotoxic effects. However, with the exception of antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, little information is present on the cytotoxic activity of the essential oil obtained from M. oleifera seeds. Therefore, the present investigation was designed to investigate the potential cytotoxic activity of seed essential oil obtained from M. oleifera on HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7, CACO-2 and L929 cell lines. The different cell lines were subjected to increasing oil concentrations ranging from 0.15 to 1 mg/mL for 24h, and the cytotoxicity was assessed using MTT assay. All treated cell lines showed a significant reduction in cell viability in response to the increasing oil concentration. Moreover, the reduction depended on the cell line as well as the oil concentration applied. Additionally, HeLa cells were the most affected cells followed by HepG2, MCF-7, L929 and CACO-2, where the percentages of cell toxicity recorded were 76.1, 65.1, 59.5, 57.0 and 49.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the $IC_{50}$ values obtained for MCF-7, HeLa and HepG2 cells were 226.1, 422.8 and $751.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Conclusively, the present investigation provides preliminary results which suggest that seed essential oil from M. oleifera has potent cytotoxic activities against cancer cell lines.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.636-646
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to confirm secondary biology teachers' recognition about cell and gene concepts that should be taught in biology according to each school level and to classify the concepts into essential, optional and non-essential ones. We developed a questionnaire in consultation with 5 biology professors after selecting some biological concepts from some data about the recommendations of BSCS, biology, study for the connection with biological contents in each school level. This survey was conducted to biological teachers in secondary schools (146 individuals) from all over Korea for studying the concepts of the cell and gene in elementary and secondary schools. The results of this study revealed the following: The number of essential concepts in the cell and gene domain increases as the school levels go up. Moreover, secondary biology teacher recognized that there must be much more cell and gene concepts that should be taught in elementary and secondary schools compared to those suggested in the science curriculum and BSCS' recommendation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.785-790
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• 2011

This study investigated the nutritive quality of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus fed either moist pellet (MP) or moist pellet mixed with mushroom extract (MPME) for 6 months. There was no significant difference in crude protein or extractive nitrogen in the muscle of flounder fed MP versus MPME (P > 0.05). The total amino acid content in the muscle of flounder fed MP was $15.22{\pm}5.24$ g/100 g, compared to $19.90{\pm}2.90$ g/100 g for flounder fed MPME. Essential amino acid content was $7.04{\pm}2.21$ g/100 g in the muscle of flounder fed MP versus $8.94{\pm}2.50$ g/100 g for MPME. Total amino acid content was higher in the muscle of olive flounder fed MPME, while essential amino acid content was higher in flounder fed MP. The ratio of non-essential amino acids to essential amino acids was $0.86{\pm}0.07$ for flounder fed MP and $0.81{\pm}0.08$ for flounder fed MPME. There was no significant difference in free amino acid content and fatty acid composition. The breaking strength of muscle of olive flounder fed MP was higher ($1.44{\pm}0.51\;kg/cm^2$) than in flounder fed MPME ($1.29{\pm}0.30\;kg/cm^2$). There was no evidence that dietary additives, such as mushroom extract, increase growth rate or nutritive quality of olive flounder.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.110-124
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• 2007

Currently, we have seen sudden increase of demand for emergency medical services by reason for high-speed economic development increase of traffics, etc. in this society. Consequently the government enforced & operated emergency medical system in 1991 as a link of more positive countermeasure against it, but many problem; still remain in reality. In particular, the regional emergency medical center designated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare falls short of our expectations for its essential role by the reason of such as insufficiency in professional manpower and institutions concerned in small-scale hospital, matters with transportation system, preference of large hospital, etc. Therefore, this study was conducted grasp for the actual conditions of emergency medical system based upon literature research & the preceding studies and interview research the motive of coming hospital, satisfaction & understand to the subject of 150 persons of patients and their guardians who used regional emergency center of Pusan National University Hospital, thereby examining & analysing the cause of emergency room overcrowding by non-emergency cases, one of the problem; enumerated from preceding studies. The main result of this study is as follows. First the actual condition of non-emergency patients coming hospital for examining overcrowding of emergency medical center showed that, of the patients who used the emergency medical center, non-emergency patients accounted for 49.3%, which acted as the main cause of delaying medical care for emergency cases, cases of which medical person or first-aid man decided to come hospital accounted for 36.1 %, thereby suggesting essential need for re-education & wide public information to even the professional manpower besides patients & guardians for their using emergency medical system. Second, as the result of researching patient acknowledgement with reference to their using emergency medical center, the rate of their giving right answer is no more than 60%, which means that non-emergency cases' using as such is due to the shortage of their knowledge of the said emergency medical center, which suggests us that wider P.R for emergency medical system to common people who may be one of the patients of it at any time is still in need. Third, the result of researching for finding out a future remedy of emergency medical system showed that the users who know well of the way of using emergency medical center had relatively high satisfaction of it, ones who have lesser knowledge of it lower satisfaction and users who feel in need of emergency specialized manpower feel the necessity of public information of emergency medical information center(1339) at the same time. The finding of examining the subject of study, in conclusion, showed that the degree of the patients & their guardians' understanding of emergency medical system is lower and the medical persons concerned also had no distinct difference in their understanding of it from the common people's, which suggests us for extensive enforcement of systematic education and public information in aspect of the government via various media for the purpose of effective operation of emergency medical center.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.15.1-15.6
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• 2020

Named entity recognition tools are used to identify mentions of biomedical entities in free text and are essential components of high-quality information retrieval and extraction systems. Without good entity recognition, methods will mislabel searched text and will miss important information or identify spurious text that will frustrate users. Most tools do not capture non-contiguous entities which are separate spans of text that together refer to an entity, e.g., the entity "type 1 diabetes" in the phrase "type 1 and type 2 diabetes." This type is commonly found in biomedical texts, especially in lists, where multiple biomedical entities are named in shortened form to avoid repeating words. Most text annotation systems, that enable users to view and edit entity annotations, do not support non-contiguous entities. Therefore, experts cannot even visualize non-contiguous entities, let alone annotate them to build valuable datasets for machine learning methods. To combat this problem and as part of the BLAH6 hackathon, we extended the TextAE platform to allow visualization and annotation of non-contiguous entities. This enables users to add new subspans to existing entities by selecting additional text. We integrate this new functionality with TextAE's existing editing functionality to allow easy changes to entity annotation and editing of relation annotations involving non-contiguous entities, with importing and exporting to the PubAnnotation format. Finally, we roughly quantify the problem across the entire accessible biomedical literature to highlight that there are a substantial number of non-contiguous entities that appear in lists that would be missed by most text mining systems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.117-127
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• 2010

In this study, hyperspace is a result of imagination created by means of facts and fiction, represents a transfer to determination and indetermination, and means an extension to an open form. In other words, hyperspace is a high dimensional space expanded to imagination through the combination of the viewpoint on facts in this dimension and fiction. When the 2D plane surface or 3D symmetry is destroyed, or when the frame is twisted or entangled, the non-Euclidean geometry is created eventually. And when the twisting leads to transmutation and the destruction of the form reaches the extreme; this in turn became the twisting like Mbius band. Likewise, the non-Euclidean geometry is co-related to the asymmetry of the Higgs mechanism. When the 'destruction of symmetry' is considered, symmetric theory and asymmetric world can be connected. The asymmetry in turn can maintain balance by arranging the uneven weights at different distances from the shaft. Moreover, at this the concept of the upper, lower, left and right, which was included in the original form, may be crumbled down. The destruction of the symmetry is essential in order to present forecast that coincides with the phenomenon of the real world. Non-Euclidean geometry characteristic is expressed by asymmetry, twists, and deconstruction and its representative characteristic is ambiguity. The boundary between the front, back, upper, lower, inner and outer is unclear, and it is difficult and vague to pinpoint specific location. The design that does not clearly define or determine the direction of wearing costume is indeed the non-oriented design that can be worn without getting restricted by specific direction such as front and back. Non-Euclidean geometry characteristic of hyperspace have been applied to create new shapes through the modification of the substance from traditional clothing of the eastern world to modern fashion. The way of thinking in the 'hyperspace' that used to be expressed in the costumes of the east and the west in the past became the forum for unlimited creation.