• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.695-701
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• 2014

The Police force and other public sector organizations do not like non-ethical evaluation of their members and disclosure of evaluation results. However, it is essential for survival and growth of the organization to identify, measure and resolve accurately the non-ethical behaviors of their members. In this study, the dimensions of police officers' unethical behavior were categorized as negligence, personal use, dishonesty, and misconduct of police officers, and the level of those dimensions were measured. After that, the differences due to the individual and work environmental characteristics were explored. The result showed that the level of non-ethical behavior was lowerer than the average. And the differences was statistically significant according to gender, rank of organization, deployed department of the work, and the period of work duration. This implied the necessities of education of police ethics, ethical atmosphere, and establishment of ethical system per differences in individual and work environmental characteristics. Also, considering the fact that the low level of ethical behavior did not lead to ethical action in actual and the inherent problem in research method how frankly the respondents answered the negative self-evaluation, continuous interest in non-ethical behavior and further systemic research are needed in a dimension of personnel management.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Aromatic rice has become popular owing to its aroma. Growing demand for aromatic rice has spurred interest in the development of domestic cultivars that offer similar combinations of grain attributes such as texture, cooking characteristics, aroma, and taste. In this study, the most important agronomic attributes and aroma of 26 cultivars from Afghanistan, Iran, and Uzbekistan, and controls from Japan, Thailand, and India were characterized. Also $F_2$ populations derived from the cross between(Jasmine 85 aromatic$\times$Nipponbare non-aromatic) and(Jasmine 85$\times$Basmati 370 aromatic) were obtained. Tasting individual grains, cooking test, 1.7% KOH sensory test, and molecular marker analysis have been applied to distinguish between aromatic and non-aromatic rice. Diversity for some traits of agronomic importance, such as plant height was detected among countries, e.g. Afghan cultivars classified as tall, and Iranian and Uzbek intermediate and short, respectively. Differentiations of panicle, grain, leaf, basal internode, and culm dimension among rice cultivars, indicating the source of rice diversity in Central Asia. According to the results, 6 of 10, 2 of 7, and 0 of 6 of Afghan, Iranian, and Uzbek rice cultivars were scored as aromatic, respectively. Therefore, Afghan cultivars are a good source of aromatic rice germplasm for Central Asia. The expression between aromatic and non-aromatic, and aromatic and aromatic combinations has been evaluated. The observed segregation ratio of these crosses in the $F_2$ populations was tested by $x^2$ analysis against the expected ratio for a single gene. A segregation ratio of 3:1 between non-aromatic and aromatic combination has been detected, while segregation has not been detected between the aromatic and aromatic combinations. Also, parallel results were obtained from the tested aromatic rice cultivars. Thus, our results suggest that a single recessive gene controls aroma in all aromatic rice cultivars.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.4 s.304
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• pp.79-86
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new LINF(Linear Independent Non-negative Factorization) algorithm for real-time face recognition systea This system greatly consists of the two parts: 1) face extraction part; 2) face recognition part. In the face extraction Part we applied subtraction image, the detection of eye and mouth region , and normalization method, and then in the face recognition Part we used LINF in extracted face candidate region images. The existing recognition system using only PCA(Principal Component Analysis) showed low recognition rates, and it was hard in the recognition system using only LDA(Linear Discriminants Analysis) to apply LDA directly when the training set is small. To overcome these shortcomings, we reduced dimension as the matrix that had non-negative value to be different from former eigenfaces and then applied LDA to the matrix in the proposed system We have experimented using self-organized DAIJFace database and ORL database offered by AT(')T laboratory in Cambridge, U.K. to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed PCA, LDA, ICA(Independent Component Analysis) and PLMA(PCA-based LDA mixture algorithm) method within the framework of recognition accuracy.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the fall risk factors. Method: The subjects were 87 persons who were older than 65 years living at 28 nursing home in Seoul and Gyunggi province. Subjects were interviewed using RAFS II for intrinsic factor and the environmental factor were assessed using a structured questionnaire from Oct. to Dec. in 2004. The data were analyzed by SPSS(ver. 12.0) programs, using descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test, and t-test. Result: The 37.9% of the subjects experienced the fall, and its average number is $1.94\pm1.75$. The Women's experience of the fall was higher than that of the men, but it was no significant difference with gender. There was no significant difference with the age and duration of living. The mean of the intrinsic risk factor was 13.38 in total score 39 points marks on the RAFS II scales. The intrinsic risk factor score of the fallen group 15.71 was significantly higher than the non-fallen group 12.10. The variables of recent fall experience(t=4.72, p=0.000) and urinary dysfunction(t=2.64, p=0.010) was significantly higher than the non-fallen group. The highest variable of the intrinsic factor was the age and the variables of drug intake, balance, chronic disease, recent fall experience, urinary dysfunction were followed in order. The mean of the environmental risk factor was 0.24 points. No significant differences were shown in environmental risk factor between the fallen and the non-fallen groups. To the fallen group, the place of entrance was the highest risky environmental factor. To see in area dimension, the floor surfaces was the highest risky environmental factor and equipment and illumination factor was the following risky elements in order. In the total score of environmental risk factors based on the ares, the fallen group was 0.26 and the non-fallen group was 0.24, but there were no significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: This results suggested that visual protection strategy, set up the safety device in the place of entrance and inner stairway, bathroom and nonskid mat in the nursing home would be contribute to the prevention of the fall for the elderly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.4907-4921
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• 2010

The object of this descriptive survey research was to provide basic information source for building objective standards of DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) that can be clinically applied, by analyzing college students' awareness and attitude toward DNR. The participants of the study were 1,267 students from one college of Daegu, South Korea. The structured survey questionnaire was used for data collection, and the survey was conducted from 1-31 July, 2010. The error and percentage was estimated by SPSS 17.0 program, and analyzed with $x^2$-test. As a result of comparing the nursing students' and non-health care major students' awareness and attitude toward DNR, the significant differences were found in the necessity of DNR, reason for supporting DNR, reason for opposing DNR, and DNR decision-maker, among the awareness dimension; among the attitude dimension, significant differences were found in implication of family DNR and self-DNR. Comparing the nursing students' and non-health care major students' awareness toward DNR related information provision, researchers have found significant differences in the necessity of giving information on DNR, timing of the DNR information provision, result of the DNR-related information provision, and guidelines for the DNR information provision. In terms of the difference in DNR's necessity recognition by the demographic information, the significant differences existed based on the religion and the history of blood donation; in terms of the differences in attitude toward DNR decision-maker, the differences were found on the religion and the number of siblings. For the attitude toward family member's DNR, the significant differences existed for the sex, age, economic status, religion, the number of siblings, the history of familial illness and death, and experience of blood donation; the attitude toward the DNR for the self was significantly differed by the sex, economic status, the number of siblings, and the history of familial illness and death. To establish the standards for DNR based on the study, we suggest more well-designed future studies.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.611-618
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• 2008

CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced polymer) tendons can be used as an alternative to solve the corrosion problem of steel tendons. Since CFRP tendons are vulnerable to transverse pressure and stress concentration, the conventional anchorage system used for steel tendons can create an unreliable load carrying capacity and may result in a premature failure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the anchorage system that is well suited for CFRP tendons. There are many types of anchorage systems for CFRP tendons, which can be classified into three types: wedge-type anchorage, bond-type anchorage, and compression-type anchorage. This paper deals with the compression-type anchorage system manufactured through swaging technology. Based on the previous test results performed by the authors, the dimension of anchorage sleeve, the use and non-use of the insert, and the compression pressure on the sleeve have been selected as the major parameters affecting the performance of the compression-type anchorage. Some anchorage sleeves have been tapered to reduce the stress concentration. Test results revealed that the performance of the anchorage system depends mainly on the dimension and the compression pressure. It has been verified that the tapered sleeve can effectively reduce the stress concentration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.860-865
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• 2006

The characteristics of flow field and turbulent mixing efficiency of SS in non-aerated contacting reactor are critical design parameters directly affecting on the efficiency of the overall process of wastewater treatment system. To this end, in this study numerical fluid dynamic calculation has been made to investigate the flow field and concentration distribution of SS in terms of specification(shape and dimension) of impeller and other operating conditions. As the first step, the performance of the computer program developed was successfully evaluated by the comparison of the typical flow field with the type of impeller with that appeared in open literature. Further, a series of parametric investigations are made in terms of interesting parameters such as the type and dimension of impeller, location, and number of impeller, etc. A number of useful conclusions obtained by numerical calculation are the superiority of mixing efficiency of pitched type than the flat one together with the visible increase of the overall mixing effect by the employment of the larger impeller and increase of the impeller number, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2007

A $^{192}Ir$ small-focal source has been developed by using the HANARO reactor and the radioisotope production facility at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). The small-focal source with the dimension of 0.5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in length was fabricated as an aluminum-encapsulated form by a specially designed pressing equipment. For the estimation of the radioactivity, neutron self-shielding and ${\gamma}-ray$ self-absorption effects on the measured activity was considered. From this estimation, it is realized that $^{192}Ir$ small-focal sources over 3 Ci activities can be produced from the HANARO. Field performance tests were performed by using a conventional source and the developed source to take images of a computer CPU and a piece of a carbon steel. The small-focal source showed better penetration sensitivity and geometrical sharpness than the conventional source does. It is concluded from the tests that the focal dimension of this source is small enough to maximize geometrical sharpness in the image taking for the close proximity shots, pipeline crawler applications and contact radiography.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.123-133
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a new method for toon shading using 3D texture which renders 3d objects in a cartoon style. The conventional toon shading using 1D texture displays shading tone by computing the relative position and orientation between a light vector and surface normal. The 1D texture alone has limits to express the various tone change according to any viewing condition. Therefore Barla et. al. replaces a 1D texture with a 2D texture whose the second dimension corresponds to the view-dependent effects such as level-of-abstraction, depthof-field. The proposed scheme extends 2D texture to 3D texture by adding one dimension with the geometric information of 3D objects such as curvature, saliency, and coordinates. This approach supports two kinds of extensions for cartoon style diversification. First, we support "shape exaggeration effect" to emphasize silhouette or highlight according to the geometric information of 3D objects. Second, we further incorporate "cartoon specific effect", which is examples of screen tone and out focusing frequently appeared in cartoons. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through examples that include a number of 3d objects rendered in various cartoon style.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.290-300
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• 2000

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of EBT(Electron Beam Tomography) in the diagnosis of conotruncal anomaly and to determine whether it can be used as a substitute for cardiac angiography. Material and Method: 20 patients(11M & 9F) with TOF(n=7, pulmonary atresia 2), DORV(n=7), complete TGV(n=4), & corrected TGV(n=2) were included. The age ranged from 7 days to 26 years(median 60 days). We analyzed the sequential chamber localization, the main surgical concenrn in each disease category (PA size, LVED volume and coronary artery pattern for TOF & pulmonary atresia, the LV mass, LVOT obstruction, coronary artery pattern for complete TGV, and type of VSD and TV-PV distance for DORV, etc) and other associated anomalies(e.g., VSD, arch anomalies, tracheal stenosis, etc). Those were compared with the results of echocardiography(n=19), angiography (n=9), and surgery(n=11). The interval between EBT and echocardiography/angiography was within 20/11 days, respectively except for an angiography in a patient with corrected TGV (48 days). Result: EBT correctly diagnosed the basic components of conotruncal anomalies in all subjects, compared to echocardiography, angiography or surgery. These included the presence, type and size of VSD(n=20), pulmonic/LV outflow tract stenosis(n=15/2), relation of great arteries and the pattern of the proximal epicardial coronary arteries(16 out of 20). EBT proved to be accurate in quantitation of the intrapericardial and hilar pulmonary arterial dimension and showed high correlation and no difference compared with echocardiography, angiography, or surgery(p>0.05) except for left pulmonary arterial & ascending arterial dimension by echocardiography. LVED volume in seven TOF(no difference: p>0.05 & high correlation: r=0.996 with echocardiography), and LV mass in 4 complete TGV were obtained. Additionally, EBT enabled the cdiagnosis of subjlottic tracheal stenosis and tracheal bronchus in 1 respectively. Some peripheral PA stenosis were not detected by echocardiography, while echocardiography appeared to be slightly more accurate than EBT in detecing ASD or PDA. Conclusion: EBT can be a non-invasive and accurate modality of for the evaluation of most anatomical alteration including peripheral PS or interruption in patients with conotruncal anomalies. Combined with echocardiography, EBT study provides sufficient information for the palliative or total repair of anomalies.