• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2008

Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is non-progressive disorder of motion and posture. In CP patient, there are difficulties in dental treatment because of uncontrolled movement of limb and head, and conjoined disabilities such as cognitive impairment, sensory loss, seizures, communication and behavioral disturbances. It is reported that CP patients have high incidence in caries and a higher prevalence of periodontal disease. But, despite the need for oro-dental care, these patients often are unlikely to receive adequate treatment without sedation or general anesthesia because of uncontrolled movements of the trunk or head. Methods: We reviewed the 58 cases of 56 patients with CP who underwent outpatient general anesthesia for dental treatment at the clinic for the disabled in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Results: The mean age was 19 (2-54) years. The number of male patient was 40 and that of female was 18. They all had severe spastic cerebral palsy and 22 had sever mental retardation, 15 epilepsy, 8 organic brain disorder, 1 blindness, 2 deafness and cleft palate. For anesthesia induction, 14 cases was needed physical restriction who had sever mental retardation and cooperation difficulty, but 44 cases showed good or moderate cooperation. Drugs used for anesthesia induction were thiopental (37 cases), sevoflurane (14 cases), ketamine (3 cases ) and propofol (4 cases). All patients except one were done nasotracheal intubation for airway management and 4 cases were needed difficult airway management and 1 patient already had tracheostomy tube. Mean total anesthetic time was $174{\pm}56$ min and staying time at PACU was $88{\pm}39$ min. There was no death or long term hospitalization because of severe complications. Conclusion: If general anesthesia is needed, pertinent diagnostic tests and workup about anomaly, and appropriate anesthetic planning are essential for safety.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

In Korea, 28,641 cases of traffic accidents were caused by drunk driving in 2010. These statistics accounted for 12.62% of total number of traffic accidents. Moreover, the percentages of deaths and injuries from them were nearly 15% of those from whole traffic accidents. While police has emphasized enforcement efforts in order to reduce drunk driving, culture generous to drunk driving in addition to the absence of an appropriate intervention system for habitual drunk drivers have contributed to the increasing number of the drunk driving accidents in Korea. This study examined specific behavioral changes in drunk driving by comparing drivers' behavior pattern in non-alcoholic condition to those in alcoholic condition, using a psychomotor test and a driving simulator. In the psychomotor test measuring participants' reactions to the target stimulus, it was revealed that participants' correct responses were decreased, false responses were increased, and no responses also were increased after drinking. Furthermore, in the driving simulator performance after drinking, not only driving speed was faster but also the deviation of an accelerator pedal pressure and of the vehicle's lateral position were much increased. These results indicated that alcohol consumption would impair visio-cognitive ability and deteriorate driving safety. Finally, the implications and limitations of our findings and suggestions for the future research were discussed.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.95-117
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• 2003

This study is to suggest the alternative to limits of intelligence focused on Psychometric tests. Through this study, it was found that triarchic theory of intelligence and thinking styles, which were suggested by Sternberg, were useful. The subjects are 122 student who are at three science-high-schools. The results show that the subjects preferred judicial, executive, and hierarchical rather than conservative styles of thinking, and they had strong analytical, creative, and practical ability. The correlation between academic achievement and triarchic intelligence except automation was significant. The difference of academic achievements was not significant by styles of thinking related to creativity and pattern of triarchic intelligence. There was no interaction between two variables as we expected. The practical ability illustrated the total academic performance very well. And executive, judicial thinking styles were prediction variable in case of considering with triarchic intelligence. Through the results, it could be suggested that triarchic intelligence and thinking styles of non cognitive concept could be important standard referred to selection for the science-gifted, and argued that the reform of the science-high-school was needed to produce the creative-productive science-gifted student.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.381-431
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• 2016

This paper deals with Slavic discourse deixis comparing Russian, Polish, Czech and Bulgarian demonstrative and personal pronouns. In general, the Slavic proximal pronouns have precedence over the distal ones. Proximal pronouns, such as Russian eto, Polish to, and Bulgarian tova, are employed more frequently and widely than their distal counterparts to, tamto and onova. The distance-neutral pronoun to in Modern Czech was also a proximal pronoun in the past. These Slavic proximal and former-proximal pronouns function as a discourse deixis marker, whereas, in most other languages, the discourse deixis is mainly a function of distal or non-proximal demonstrative pronouns. However, the Russian, Polish, Czech, and Bulgarian discourse deixis differs in distal demonstrative and personal pronouns. In general, the Polish and Czech discourse deixis does not employ the distal demonstrative pronoun tamto or the personal pronoun ono. The Russian distal demonstrative pronoun to is actively used as a discourse deixis marker, and the personal pronoun ono can also be used to refer to the preceding discourse, though it is not frequent. In Bulgarian the distal demonstrative pronoun onova is rarely used to refer to a discourse, but the personal pronoun to frequently indicates a discourse that is repeatedly referred to in a text. The discourse deixis, which is a peripheral deixis and can be both deixis and anaphora, reveals different characteristics in different Slavic languages. In Russian, where all of the proximal, distal, and personal pronouns function as a discourse deixis marker, the deixis itself plays a crucial role in distinguishing these three pronouns from each other, revealing the speaker's psychological, emotional, temporal, and cognitive proximity to or distance from a given discourse. In Bulgarian, the most analytic Slavic language, the personal pronoun is used more as a discourse deixis marker to reveal the highest givenness of a discourse, and it seems that Bulgarian discourse deixis is more anaphoric than the other Slavic discourse deixis is.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.224-230
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• 2021

It has been 16 years since the government announced its first Ocean Education Policy in 2005. Although the public consensus on the importance of ocean education has been formed, it is impossible to objectively analyze the impact of the policy on the society or the economy. The aim of this paper was to identify differences in perceptions and behaviors about the ocean between groups participating in ocean education and non-participating groups and to analyze the effectiveness of ocean education by developing measurement indicators for the value that individuals gave to ocean education services. To conduct this study, first, the value of ocean education was defined and value items that could be provided to individuals were classified. Second, to develop indicators that could measure classified value items, a Delphi survey was conducted to collect opinions of various experts. Third, by measuring the content validity ratio (CVR) for each item, final indicators and questionnaire were derived. As a result of Delphi analysis, 18 items with a CVR value of 0.6 or higher were finally adopted out of 32 indicator items. In the cognitive value category, indicators that could identify an individual's level of knowledge of the ocean, change in perception, and problem-solving ability were selected. In the behavioral value category, indicators were expanded to judge changes in attitudes and relationships toward the ocean and responsible behavior in more detail. This study is meaningful in that it provides the basis for directly judging the value of ocean education service provided by the government to the people. Results of such analysis are expected to contribute to securing a stable budget and the justification for expanding human resources in the government's continuous promotion of ocean education policies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.75-87
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to derive the characteristics of interaction design for each stage of content composition so that it can be referred to in the planning and production of virtual reality safety education contents. It was confirmed that each of the following interaction design features was found in the three configuration steps: acquisition of situation response procedure knowledge, accident situation experiential learning, and content confirmation and evaluation. First, it was revealed that the quality of experience was controlled by increasing the fidelity of behaviors and reducing general and repetitive behaviors in order to emphasize the educational content-related experiences in the learner experience stage. Second, in order for learners to easily recognize main interaction objects in order to acquire information on safe behavior procedures in unfamiliar environments, use of spatial UI or signifiers using arrows or symbols, posts that specifically instruct actions, and multisensory signals Therefore, it was found to be important to emphasize essential actions in a way that lowers the degree of freedom of user experience, and the proportion of non-realistic interactions for cognitive interactions was found to increase. Lastly, in the confirmation and evaluation stage of the experience, it is important to use the meta UI to alleviate negative experiences such as physical damage after experiencing a safety accident situation,

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the cognitive and psychological precedence factors of career preparation behaviors of university students and to clarify the structural relationships between the variables. First, the effects of reflective learning on university students' career preparation behaviors were examined and the mediating effect of grit between reflective learning and career preparation behavior was verified. The research analyzed 307 university students in the 3rd and 4th year. The results of the study have shown that the reflective learning had a significant positive relationship with all variables of grit and career preparation behavior, but non-reflective learning have an insignificance relationship with all the main variables. In addition, reflective learning has a direct positive effect on career preparation behavior, and grit has a mediating effect on the relationship between reflective learning and career preparation behavior. The results of this study indicate that the more original variables are further identified and extended to improve career preparation behaviors of university students. It is significant that they are provided with the basic data for the development of career and job preparation education programs that can be applied in the university education field. In addition, it has been confirmed that it is important for university students to improve their ability to critically reflect on themselves, their surroundings and circumstances in order to keep them engaged and to maintain their interests. Moreover, higher education institutions should provide fundamental and extensible method of practice and educational environment.

• Journal of vocational education research
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.23-44
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• 2018

The purpose of the study was to examine the vocational competency of students enrolled in vocational high schools including specialized vocational high school and meister vocational high school, and vocation program of general high school. We analyzed their vocational competency, based upon the vocational competency data of KCCI (Korea Chamber of Commerce & Industry). The results were as follow. First, latent profiles of subjects were categorized into four folds: general cognition-low adaption, cognition adaption general, pursuit of job adaption, low cognition-job mal-adaption. Each percentage of four groups was 39%, 30%, 11%, and 20%. Second, mainly, specialized vocational high school pattern is matched with vocational high schools' pattern. However, the cognitive competency of students in meister vocational high school was higher than that of student in vocation program of general high school. Third, latent profile group was clarified in terms of non-cognition aspect. Fourth, The higher the job adaption is, the higher the career decision level. We suggested some policy implications for improve the vocational competency.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate the effects of occupation-based group cooking program on executive function for children in community children's center. Methods : The children who participated in the study were 7 to 9 years old. This study was based on a one-group pre-posttest design, which the group cooking program included making of sandwiches, frog-shaped hamburgers, patbingsu, sausage gimbap, and flowerpot cupcake. This study consisted of five activity sessions, which each session lasted for 120 minutes. Effectiveness of the program was measured by using the STROOP Color and Word Test, Children's Color Trails Test and Assessment of Motor and Process Skills. Results : The differences between pre and posttest scores on STROOP Color and Word Test and the process skill score of Assessment of Motor and Process Skills were statistically significant. There was no difference significantly between pre and posttest scores in Children's Color Trails Test-2. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that the group cooking program intervention has effects on cognitive inhibition executive function and performance executive function of children in the community children's center. This study suggests that occupation-based intervention can be applied to various clients in the community setting.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2019

Objective : GRIT is a non-cognitive trait which is defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals. It predicts success, performance and thedifference from other traits. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the GRIT scale. Methods : A total of 92 patients were enrolled in the study. All patients received psychiatric assessment including Clinical Useful Depression Outcome Scale (CUDOS), Clinical Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale (CUXOS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), and GRIT as well as demographic assessment. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of total GRIT score and the split-half reliability of each item was calculated to assess test reliability. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to select the best fitting model and assess construct validity. Finally, a correlation analysis was performed to check convergent and discriminant validity. Results : Cronbach's alpha coefficient for GRIT was found to be 0.85 and all Cronbach's alpha were more than 0.8 even in cases where all items were deleted. We found 3 appropriate factor models in exploratory factor analysis, compared them with 3 models and chose the 2-factor model as the most suitable based on the best fit test. Finally, correlation of the GRIT with CUDOS, CUXOS, PHQ-15, CDRS and BRS were statistically significant (all p<0.01), with relatively low correlation coefficient. Conclusion : This study indicates that the Korean version of GRIT is a reliable and valid instrument for investigating individual power of passion and perseverance.