• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2023년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.64-66
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• 2023

Low Earth Orbit(LEO) Non-Terrestrial-Network(NTN) 은 위성을 사용하여 통신 서비스를 제공하지 못하는 도시 이외의 산간, 바다, 항공기 또는 외진 지역에 통신 서비스를 제공하는 모델이다. Terrestrial Network(TN) 핸드오버에서 사용되는 Measurement-Based Triggering(MHT)의 경우 User Equipment(UE)에서 측정된 값을 기반으로 Measurement Report를 전달한다. 그러나 NTN 환경에서의 HO triggering은 TN 과는 달리 장거리 통신을 요구하고 위성이 빠른 속도로 이동함에 따라 MHT에 사용되는 지표들을 대체할 방법이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 측정 유효성을 대체할 수 있는 지표로 UE와 셀 중심 간의 거리 및 고도 각을 활용하여 HO triggering을 예측하는 시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 예측 시스템은 핸드오버 triggering 예측에 대해 우수한 성능을 보였으며 좋은 측정 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.643-657
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• 2020

Sixth generation will exploit satellite, aerial, and terrestrial platforms jointly to improve radio access capability and unlock the support of on-demand edge cloud services in three-dimensional (3D) space, by incorporating mobile edge computing (MEC) functionalities on aerial platforms and low-orbit satellites. This will extend the MEC support to devices and network elements in the sky and forge a space-borne MEC, enabling intelligent, personalized, and distributed on-demand services. End users will experience the impression of being surrounded by a distributed computer, fulfilling their requests with apparently zero latency. In this paper, we consider an architecture that provides communication, computation, and caching (C3) services on demand, anytime, and everywhere in 3D space, integrating conventional ground (terrestrial) base stations and flying (non-terrestrial) nodes. Given the complexity of the overall network, the C3 resources and management of aerial devices need to be jointly orchestrated via artificial intelligence-based algorithms, exploiting virtualized network functions dynamically deployed in a distributed manner across terrestrial and non-terrestrial nodes.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2020

A priority-based data communication approach, developed by employing cognitive radio capacity for sensor nodes in a wireless terrestrial sensor network (TSN), has been proposed. Data sensed by a sensor node-an unlicensed user-were prioritized, taking sensed data importance into account. For data of equal priority, a first come first serve algorithm was used. Non-preemptive priority scheduling was adopted, in order not to interrupt any ongoing transmissions. Licensed users used a nonpersistent, slotted, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) technique, while unlicensed sensor nodes used a nonpersistent CSMA technique for lossless data transmission, in an energy-restricted, TSN environment. Depending on the analytical model, the proposed wireless TSN environment was simulated using Riverbed software, and to analyze sensor network performance, delay, energy, and throughput parameters were examined. Evaluating the proposed approach showed that the average delay for sensed, high priority data was significantly reduced, indicating that maximum throughput had been achieved using wireless sensor nodes with cognitive radio capacity.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.525-536
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• 2022

The current state of telecommunications infrastructure in the Arctic does not allow providing a wide range of required services for people, businesses and other categories, which necessitates the use of non-traditional approaches to its organization. The paper proposes an innovative approach to building a combined communication network based on tethered high-altitude platform station (HAPS) located at an altitude of 1-7 km and connected via radio channels with terrestrial and satellite communication networks. Network configuration and composition of telecommunication equipment placed on HAPS and located on the terrestrial and satellite segment of the network was justified. The availability of modern equipment and the distributed structure of such an integrated network will allow, unlike existing networks (Iridium, Gonets, etc.), to organize personal mobile communications, data transmission and broadband Internet up to 100 Mbps access for mobile and fixed subscribers, rapid transmission of information from Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). A substantiation of the possibility of achieving high network capacity in various paths is presented: inter-platform radio links, subscriber radio links, HAPS feeder lines - terrestrial network gateway, HAPS radio links - satellite retransmitter (SR), etc. The economic efficiency of the proposed solution is assessed.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2019

As a way to further expand and enable the 5G ecosystem, the $3^{rd}$ Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is considering the development of a 5G new radio (NR)-based non-terrestrial network (NTN). These NTNs are expected to provide ubiquitous 5G services to user's equipment (especially, in Internet of Things/machine-type communications (IoT/MTC) public safety, and critical communications) by extending service coverage to areas not covered by 5G terrestrial networks. To this end, this NTN is developing scenarios to provide 5G services using spaceborne vehicles, such as geosynchronous and low-Earth orbit satellites, and airborne vehicles, such as unmanned aircraft systems, including high-altitude pseudo-satellites. In addition, various technologies are being studied to satisfy new requirements not considered in 5G NR, such as long propagation delay time, large cell coverage, large Doppler effect, and base station movement. In this paper, we present the scenarios, requirements, technical issues and solutions, and standardization planning for NR-based NTN in 3GPP.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

The recent explosion in the number of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites launched to space allows to easily anticipate that the number of satellites in orbit will sustain a dramatic increase. As satellite components are integrated and unified with terrestrial cellular networks, they will play a key role in providing coverage and resilience for future cellular networks. We provide a brief overview of typical scenarios and network architectures for cellular-based LEO satellite communication systems. In addition, we outline 3GPP standardization trends in non-terrestrial networks and satellite access based on 5G/5G Advanced systems and analyze future evolution prospects of cellular-based satellite communication systems.

• 전자통신동향분석
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.48-61
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• 2024

The integration of high-capacity terrestrial networks with non-terrestrial communication using satellites has become essential to support seamless low-latency services based on artificial intelligence and big data. Tunable light sources have been instrumental in resolving the complexity of channel management in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, contributing to increased network flexibility and serving as optical sources for long-distance coherent systems. Recently, these light sources have been applied to beam-steering devices in laser communication and sensing applications across ground, aerial, and satellite transport. We examine the utilization and requirements of tunable lasers in WDM networks and describe the relevant development status. In addition, performance requirements and development directions for tunable lasers used in optical interference systems and beam-steering devices are reviewed.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.555-562
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• 2010

DTV 방송이 개시된 이후로 방송망의 비디오, 오디오 및 채널 정보들을 제외한 나머지 대역폭에 부가 정보를 전송하여 데이터 방송 등과 같은 서비스를 제공하고자 하는 노력이 있었다. 최근에는 이러한 대역폭에 장시간 동안 VOD 콘텐츠를 전송하여 수신기에 저장시키는 방법으로 콘텐츠를 제공하는 Push-VOD 서비스가 주목을 받고 있으며, ATSC에서도 NRT(Non-Real-Time)[1]라는 이름으로 해당 전송 방법을 규격화하는 작업을 진행하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 방식으로 콘텐츠를 전송할 때 DTV 수신환경이나 수신기의 문제 등으로 인해 한 번의 전송만으로는 콘텐츠가 에러없이 전송되지 않을 확률이 높다. 따라서 이를 극복하기 위해서는 방송망의 단방향적 특성상 콘텐츠를 여러 번 반복 전송하여 전송 신뢰도를 높여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 단방향 전송환경인 방송망으로 제한된 시간 내에 여러 콘텐츠를 수신기로 전송하고자 할 때, 마르코프 연쇄 모델링과 동적 계획 기법을 이용하여 전송된 콘텐츠들의 에러를 최소화하는 콘텐츠들의 최적 반복 전송 횟수를 구하는 방법을 제안한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.188-196
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• 2014

This paper describes a simple delay diversity technique for terrestrial digital multimedia broadcasting (T-DMB) and digital audio broadcasting in a single-frequency network (SFN). For the diversity technique, a delay diversity scheme is adopted. In the delay diversity scheme, a non-delayed signal is transmitted in the first antenna, and delayed versions of the signal are transmitted in each additional antenna. For an SFN environment with multiple transmitters, delay diversity can be executed by controlling the emission times of the transmitters. This SFN delay diversity scheme does not require any hardware changes in either the transmitter or receiver, and perfect backward compatibility can be acquired. To evaluate the performance improvement, laboratory tests are executed with various types of commercial T-DMB receivers as well as a measurement receiver. The improvement in the bit error rate performance is evaluated using a measurement receiver, and an improvement of the threshold of visibility value is evaluated for commercial receivers. Test results show that the T-DMB system can obtain diversity gain using the described technique.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.504-527
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• 2015

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are similar to the terrestrial sensor networks. Nevertheless, there are different characteristics among them such as low battery power, limited bandwidth and high variable propagation delay. One of the common major problems in UWSNs is determining an efficient and reliable routing between the source node and the destination node. Therefore, researchers tend to design efficient protocols with consideration of the different characteristics of underwater communication. Furthermore, many routing protocols have been proposed and these protocols may be classified as location-based and location-free routing protocols. Pressure-based routing protocols are a subcategory of the location-free routing protocols. This paper focuses on reviewing the pressure-based routing protocols that may further be classified into non-void avoidance protocols and void avoidance protocols. Moreover, non-void avoidance protocols have been classified into single factor based and multi factor based routing protocols. Finally, this paper provides a comparison between these protocols based on their features, performance and simulation parameters and the paper concludes with some future works on which further study can be conducted.