• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제29권9호
• /
• pp.988-996
• /
• 2005

Flame structure and extinction mechanism of counterflow methane/air non-premixed flame diluted with nitrogen are studied by NASA 2.2 s drop tower experiments and two-dimensional numerical simulations with finite rate chemistry and transport properties. Extinction mechanism at low strain rate is examined through the comparison among results of microgravity experiment, 1D and 2D simulations with a finite burner diameter. A two-dimensional simulation in counterflow flame especially with a finite burner diameter is shown to be very important in explaining the importance of multidimensional effects and lateral heat loss in flame extinction, effects that cannot be understood using a one-dimensional flamelet model. Extinction mechanism at low strain rate is quite different from that at high strain rate. Low strain rate flame is extinguished initially at the outer flame edge, the flame shrinks inward, and finally is extinguished at the center. It is clarified from the overall fractional contribution by each term in energy equation to heat release rate that the contribution of radiation fraction with 1D and 2D simulations does not change so much and the overall fractional contribution is decisively attributed to radial conduction ('lateral heat loss'). The experiments by Maruta et at. can be only completely understood if multi-dimensional heat loss effects are considered. It is, as a result, verified that the turning point, which is caused only by pure radiation heat loss, has to be shifted towards much lower global strain rate in microgravity flame.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제16권11호
• /
• pp.1550-1557
• /
• 2002

Diode laser sensor for measuring gas temperature and species concentration in combustion chamber was developed using 2.0 tim distributed feed back lasers. To evaluate the measurement sensitivity of diode laser sensor system, CO2 survey spectra near 2.0 Um were measured and compared with the calculated one. This diode laser absorption sensor was applied to measure gas temperatures in a premixed flat flame of CH$_4$-air mixture. Experimental results were in good agreement with the values by an R-type thermocouple within 6.12%. In addition, successful demonstration of measurement of gas temperature and species concentration in a soot flame showed the promising possibility of diode laser absorption sensors for practical combustion system with non-intrusive method.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2002년도 제24회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.113-122
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to verify that the modified Lagrangian model can predict temperature, flow and scalar fields in the high temperature recirculation region of swirling confined diffusion flame. In the meantime numerical results from EBU and Equilibrium PDF models as well as experimental results are compared with those from the modified Lagrangian model. Adaption of three different turbulent models were accompanied with this procedure. Look-up table of the ignition characteristic time scale which is one of important factors of the Lagrangian model was referred to the 11-step reduced mechanism. Eventually, results with the Lagrangian model show a good accordance with experimental results, which shows the validity of this model. Results from Chen's model differ from those of the others. Numerical results of ${\widetilde{k}$ show significant deviation from experimental results for three models.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국추진공학회 2006년도 제27회 추계학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.237-240
• /
• 2006

Hybrid propulsion systems provide many advantages in terms of stable operation and safety. However, classical hybrid rocket motors have lower fuel regression rate and combustion efficiency compared to solid propellant rocket motor. Accordingly, the recent research efforts are focused on the improvement of engine efficiency and regressionrate in the hybrid rocket engine. The present study has numerically investigated the combustion processes and the flame structure in the hybrid rocket engine. The turbulent combustion is represented by the flamelet model and Low Reynolds number $k-{\varepsilon}$turbulent model is employed to reduce the uncertainties for convective heat transfer near solid fuel surface having strong blowing effect. Numerical results suggest that the present approach is capable of realistically simulating the combustion characteristics of the hybrid rocket engines.

• 한국연소학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2009

The effects of acoustic excitation of coaxial air on mixing enhancement and reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission were investigated. A compression driver was attached to the coaxial air supply tube to impose excitation. Measurements of NOx emission with frequency sweeping were performed to observe the trend of NOx emission according to the fuel and air flow conditions and to inquire about the effective excitation frequency for reducing NOx. Then, Schlieren photographs were taken to visualize the flow field and to study the effect of excitation. In addition, phase-locked particle image velocimetry (PIV) was performed to acquire velocity field for each case and to investigate the effect of vortices more clearly. Direct photographs and OH chemiluminescence photographs were taken to study the variation of flame length and reaction zone. It was found that acoustic forcing frequencies close to the resonance frequencies of coaxial air supply tube could reduce NOx emission. This NOx reduction was influenced by mixing enhancement due to large-scale vortices formed by fluctuation of coaxial air jet velocity.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.467-479
• /
• 2020

Various researches are being conducted to reduce greenhouse gases generated by the consumption of traditional energy resources. This study was conducted to numerically analyze the combustion characteristics and N-S reaction behavior with respect to the H₂ content of syngas composed of CO and H₂ in pressurized air combustion. A non-premixed opposed flow flame model was applied a modified detailed mechanism with S-chemistry was developed based on GRI 3.0 to simulate the syngas reaction. As the hydrogen content increased, the flame thickness increased due to the fast reactivity of hydrogen. In the rich region, NO and SO₂ were reduced by reaction with H radical and H bonding of NO was suppressed by the formation of HOSO.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2005

Acoustic excitations were imposed to coaxial air jet of non-premixed jet flame with hydrogen gaseous injected axially in the center of the flow. The frequencies of excitation were three dominant resonant frequencies at 1L, 2L, 3L. modes including specially 514 Hz (2L-mode) which was estimated theoretically as longitudinal mode of combustor characteristics. The mixing enhancement by acoustic forcing has been investigated quantitatively using PLIF and PIV. The effect of acoustic excitation on combustion process was significant to enhance mixing rate that coincides with specific resonant frequencies. And the behavior of vortex-interaction on flame structure was a good evidence to investigate the phenomenon of shear/mixing layer of fuel-air jet structure. The results obtained in this study concludes that generated streamwise vortex by acoustic excitation has a potential to enhance the mixing rate and abating NOx emissions.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.275-282
• /
• 2010

동축공기 수소 난류 확산화염에서 선회류가 NOx에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 공기와의 혼합을 증가시키기 위해 동축공기관에 스월러의 각도를 30, 45, 60, $90^{\circ}$로 바꾸어가며 화염길이와 질소산화물 배출수준을 측정하였다. 연료 속도를 85.7~160.2 m/s, 동축공기 속도는 7.4~14.4 m/s로 조절하였다. 실험을 통해 동축 공기 속도 증가에 따라 화염길이와 질소산화물 배출수준은 증가하였고, 회전류 증가에 따라 감소함을 관찰하였다. EINOx에 미치는 동축공기와 회전류 영향을 상사하기 위하여 far-field 개념의 유효직경($d_{F,eff}$)을 도입하여 동축공기와 선회류에 의한 혼합효과를 표현하였다. 질소산화물 배기배출지표는 화염체류시간(${\sim}{\tau_R}^{1/2.8}$)과 전체 신장률(${\sim}{S_G}^{1/2.8}$)에 영향을 받았다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2005년도 제31회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.156-161
• /
• 2005

Two and Three dimensional numerical simulations have been carried out to understand the combustion characteristics of LNG-fueled gas turbine combustor for power generation. Focus of the study was given to the influences of different fuel composition of imported and domestic natural gases with the flow conditions selected from the gas turbine operation data. Reacting flow characteristics of the swirl stabilized natural gas combustor were understood from the comparison of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional results. The thermal influences of different natural gases were very small and the fuel composition and flow rate were considered to be tuned well.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제28회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
• /
• pp.67-74
• /
• 2004

Numerical analysis code has been developed for investigating the combustion characteristics in a slab heater of a steel mill company. Unsteady full 3-Dimensional behaviour can be predicted with the code. Premixed flame model is adopted for combustion phenomena. And eddy dissipation model is used for turbulent flow and non gray FVM method for radiation. Slab movement can be fully traced from entrance into heater until it's exit and computation is performed during that period. Code was validated by comparing the calculation results with experimental ones for the bench scale heater.