• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2010

유선인터넷뱅킹에 적합한 공인인증서 방식은 브라우저에 종속된 ActiveX 기반이므로, 스마트폰을 이용한 모바일뱅킹에서 활성화되기에는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이에 대한 대체 또는 보완 방안으로 제시되고 있으나 아직 낮은 인지도와 활용도를 보이고 있는 OTP(One Time Password)의 낮은 활용 원인을 분석하고, 모바일 환경에 적합한 새로운 보안매체로서 활성화되기 위한 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 소비자학습모형과 정보보안에 대한 선행연구를 바탕으로 연구모형을 설정하여, 현재 OTP를 사용하고 있는 소비자를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. OTP의 인지된 보안성을 무결성, 기밀성, 인증성, 부인방지의 네 개 변수의 고차요인 변수로 구성하여, 인지된 보안성과 개인의 보안의식, 정보인증서비스의 사용자경험이 OTP에 대한 신뢰 및 재사용의도에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. 연구 결과, 개인의 보안의식이 인지된 보안성에 주는 영향과 보안성이 OTP에 대한 신뢰에 주는 영향, 신뢰가 재사용의도에 주는 영향의 유의함이 검증되었다. 또한, 보안성의 인지에는 부인방지가 상대적으로 가장 큰 영향력을 가짐을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 중심으로 OTP의 활용도를 높이기 위한 연구의 시사점이 제시되었다.

• 대한한방피부미용학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.98-113
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• 2005

This paper provides comparison and analysis between brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics and general, imported cosmetic brands, focusing on product's symbolic and functional images. The objective is to evaluate brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics to suggest a powerful brand image strategy that will be different and competitive. Data collection was performed on 300 adult women who were over 20 years of age and lived in Seoul or KyongKi area. Analysis was carried out using SPSS version 11.5 and frequency analysis, T-Test and $X^2$ verification was also performed. Analysis results for brand images of Korean herbal cosmetics are as follows. First, satisfaction scale as a purchase feature for users of Korean herbal cosmetics were 'Normal' 51.5%, 'Satisfactory' 35.1%, 'Very Satisfactory' 8.2% and 'Unsatisfactory' 5.2%. Regarding improvements, 'Efficacy, Effect' was the highest with 46%. Second, 'SEOLHWASOO' and 'BAEKOKSENG' among Korean herbal cosmetic brands, 'IOPE' and 'ISA KNOX' among general cosmetic brands and 'LANCOME' and 'CHANEL' among imported cosmetic brands displayed high recognition. Third, the symbolic and functional images of Korean herbal cosmetic brands were seen to be better compared to their general and imported counterparts. Especially, product related features of Korean herbal cosmetic brands received a more positive response compared to imported brands, which suggests that with research and improvement regarding non-product related features, functional images of herbal brands may be appraised ahead of imported brands. Fourth, there is a significant difference in brand preference according to the satisfaction of groups who actually use herbal cosmetics and the purchasing attitudes of groups who do not. Therefore, an active relationship marketing strategy is required to maximize satisfaction and to elicit favorable attitudes. By developing functional native ingredients, constructing data that can prove its efficacy and effects, and appealing its unique, differentiated symbolic value together with Orientalism, herbal medicines will be able to take off to be acknowledged worldwide.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2019

In this study, the extracellular metalloprotease from Serratia marcescens PPB-26 was purified to homogeneity via ethanol fractionation and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Thus, a 3.8-fold purification was achieved with a 20% yield and specific activity of 76.2 U/mg. The purified protease was a 50-kDa monomer whose optimum pH and temperature for activity were 7.5 and $30^{\circ}C$ respectively; however, it was found to remain active in the 5-9 pH range and up to $40^{\circ}C$ for 6 h. The protease had a half-life of 15 days at $4^{\circ}C$, an optimum reaction time of 10 min, and an optimum substrate (casein) concentration of 0.25%. Furthermore, the Michaelis constant ($K_m$) and reaction velocity ($V_{max}$) of the protease were calculated to be 0.28% and $111.11{\mu}moles/(min{\cdot}mg)^{-1}$, respectively. The protease was stable when subjected to metal ions (2 mM), showing increased activity with most (especially $CoCl_2$ and $MgSO_4$ (30.54% increase)). It was also stable when exposed to oxidizing agents, bleaching agents, and detergents (5% v/v for 60 min). It retained 93% of its activity in non-ionic detergents (Tween-20, Tween-80, and Triton X-100). Moreover, wash performance analysis in commercial detergents (Ariel and Tide) showed that not only was the protease capable of protein stain removal, but also reduced cleaning time by 80% when added to detergents. Thus, the Serratia marcescens PPB-26 metalloprotease appears to be a promising new candidate as a laundry additive in the detergent industry.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

Objectives: To objectively determine and compare the physical activity (PA) levels of adults newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and adults without T2D in Vietnam using an accelerometer. Methods: A total of 120 participants with newly diagnosed T2D and 120 adults without T2D were recruited from a large hospital in Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam. All participants wore an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer for at least 5 days, including 1 weekend day. Freedson cut-off points were used to estimate different intensities of PA. In addition, comparisons between groups were made with respect to achieving the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) recommended PA guidelines. Results: Men with T2D had significantly lower levels of PA than men without T2D. The respective multivariable-adjusted mean values of daily step count, daily light-intensity, moderate-intensity, and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA were approximately 14%, 19%, and 22% lower in the men with T2D than in their non-T2D counterparts. However, women with T2D accumulated a greater number of steps per day than women without T2D. Only 59.2% of the adults with T2D met the minimum recommended level of PA (WHO and IDF), compared to 74.2% of adults without T2D (p<0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, participants with T2D experienced 50.0% significantly lower odds of achieving PA recommendations. Conclusions: Vietnamese men with T2D were less physically active than those without T2D, and adults with T2D were less likely to meet PA guidelines. The results suggest a need for integrating PA into the self-management of this chronic condition.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.158-167
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• 2007

In this study, we have cloned a novel cDNA encoding for a papain-family cysteine protease from the Uni-ZAP XR cDNA library of the polychaete, Periserrula leucophryna. This gene was expressed in Escherichia coli using the T7 promoter system, and the protease was characterized after partial purification. First, the partial DNA fragment (498 bp) was amplified from the total RNA via RT-PCR using degenerated primers derived from the conserved region of cysteine protease. The full-length cDNA of cysteine protease (PLCP) was prepared via the screening of the Uni-ZAP XR cDNA library using the $^{32}P-labeled$ partial DNA fragment. As a result, the PLCP gene was determined to consist of a 2591 bp nucleotide sequence (CDS: 173-1024 bp) which encodes for a 283-amino acid polypeptide, which is itself composed of an 59-residue signal sequence, a 6-residue propeptide, a 218-residue mature protein, and a long 3'-noncoding region encompassing 1564 bp. The predicted molecular weights of the preproprotein and the mature protein were calculated as 31.8 kDa and 25 kDa, respectively. The results of sequence analysis and alignment revealed a significant degree of sequence similarity with other eukaryotic cysteine proteases, including the conserved catalytic triad of the $Cys^{90},\;His^{226},\;and\;Asn^{250}$ residues which characterize the C1 family of papain-like cysteine protease. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the novel gene were deposited into the GenBank database under the accession numbers, AY390282 and AAR27011, respectively. The results of Northern blot analysis revealed the 2.5 kb size of the transcript and ubiquitous expression throughout the entirety of the body, head, gut, and skin, which suggested that the PLCP may be grouped within the cathepsin F-like proteases. The region encoding for the mature form of the protease was then subcloned into the pT7-7 expression vector following PCR amplification using the designed primers, including the initiation and termination codons. The recombinant cysteine proteases were generated in a range of 6.3 % to 12.5 % of the total cell proteins in the E. coli BL21(DE3) strain for 8 transformants. The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis indicated that a cysteine protease of approximately 25 kDa (mature form) was generated. The optimal pH and temperature of the enzyme were determined to be approximately 9.5 and $35^{\circ}C$, respectively, thereby indicating that the cysteine protease is a member of the alkaline protease group. The evaluation of substrate specificity indicated that the purified protease was more active towards Arg-X or Lys-X and did not efficiently cleave the substrates with non-polar amino acids at the P1 site. The PLCP evidenced fibrinolytic activity on the plasminogen-free fibrin plate test.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 1992

폐수중의 카드뮴을 효과적으로 제거하기 위하여 경남 및 부산지역의 오염된 하천수, 공단폐수처리장의 폐수 및 sludge 그리고 공단주변지역의 토양으로 부터 카드뮴에 내성이 있는 미생물 162균주를 분리하여, 이들 균주중 2,000ppm의 카드뮴이 함유된 한천평판배지에서 생장이 우수한 6균주를 선별한 후 이들 균주의 카드뮴 흡수량을 조사하여, 그 중에서 카드뮴 흡수가 가장 우수한 1균주를 선별하여 동정한 결과 Pseudomonas putida 또는 그 유연균으로 밝혀졌으며, 그 분리균의 최적생장 온도는 $30^{\circ}C$였고, 최적 pH는 pH 7.0이었다. 분리균주의 항생제 내성, 중금속 내성 및 탄화수소 자화능을 조사한 결과, 항생제인 ampicillin(Ap), chloramphenicol(Cm) 및 streptomycin(Sm)과 중금속인 Li, Cu, Pb 및 Zn에 내성을 나타내었다. 그리고 탄화수소인 salicylate, naphthalene 및 xylene을 단일탄소원으로 이용하였다. 분리균의 카드뮴 농도에 따른 생장을 조사한 결과 카드뮴이 첨가되지 않은 배지에서는 배양 1일 후에 최대생장에 도달했고, 카드뮴 100ppm의 농도에서는 2일 후에 최대생장에 도달하였으며 대조구 (카드뮴 무첨가 배지)와 큰 차이가 없었다. 카드뮴의 농도가 높을수록 균의 생장이 심히 저해되었다. 균체내의 카드뮴횹수량은 카드뮴농도가 낮을수록 증가되었다. 배지중 카드뮴농도가 1ppm과 10ppm인 경우에는 배양 1일 후에 최고의 흡수량을 보였고 100ppm에서는 배양 2일 후에 최고의 축적율을 보였다. 균체내 카드뮴 흡수율은 배지중에 카드뮴 농도가 1ppm인 경우에는 최고 78%, 10ppm에서는 60%, 그리고 100ppm에서는 약 40%의 흡수율을 보였다. 균체내에 다량의 카드뮴을 축적시키기 위하여 배양시 계면활성제를 넣어 배양한 결과, 비이온계 계면활성제인 Triton X-100을 0.1% 첨가했을 때 약 37%의 카드뮴축적 증가를 보였다.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.737-743
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 곁사슬에 mono-azobenzene 그룹을 갖는 polyquinonediimine (PQDI)을 TiCl$_4$ 존재 하에서 축합 중합법으로 합성하였다. 합성된 단량체와 고분자는 FT-IR과 $^1$H-NMR로 확인하였으며, 특히 적외선 스펙트럼에 의하여 고분자의 특성 피크인 1625$cm^{-1}$ / 부근에서 >C=N 이중결합이 형성되었음을 보여 주었다. Mono-azobenzene이 양쪽 측쇄에 붙어있는 PQDI는 유전상수가 작은 극성용매에는 극히 부분적으로 용해성을 가졌으며 비극성 용매에는 거의 녹지 않았으나 황산과 $CH_3$SO$_3$H와 같은 강산에는 좋은 용해성을 보여주었다. GPC에 의한 분자량 분포는 1.74로 제법 넓은 분포를 가졌고, X-ray분석으로부터 날은 각도의 영역에서 부분적 결정성을 보였으며, 1$25^{\circ}C$로 열처리 후에는 무정형 고분자임을 확인하였다. 고분자의 열 분석에 의하면, TGA측정에서는 308$^{\circ}C$에서 분해온도가 나타나므로 열적으로 안정한 고분자임을 알 수 있으며, DSC에 의한 T$_{g}$ 값은 1$25^{\circ}C$이었고, mono-azobenzene이 유도체로 결합된 PQDI를 이 온도에서 분극 처리시킨 NLO-active한 PQDI의 SHG값은 8.6 pm/V 값을 가졌고, 경시 안정성의 측정 결과 초기 상태에서는 서서히 감소하는 경향을 보이나 100시간 후에는 안정성을 나타내었다.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.159-166
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• 2008

본 연구는 vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G)으로 피막이 형성되는 replication-defective MoMLV-based vector를 이용한 hTPO 헝질전환 닭의 생산에 관한 연구이다. 실험에 사용한 retrovirus vector의 구조는 hTPO 유전자의 발현 조절을 위해 internal promoter인 hCMV promoter를 이용하였으며 외래 유전자의 발현을 증가시키기 위해 woodchurk hepatitis virus posttranascriptional regulatory element (WPRE) 서열을 도입하였다. 재조합한 vector는 GP2 293 포장세포에 도입하여 virus를 생산하였으며 이 virus를 이용하여 감염시킨 여러 표적세포에서 hTPO의 발현과 생물학적 활성을 확인하였다. 재조합 hTPO의 생물학적 활성은 시판되고 있는 재조합 hTPO에 비해 우월한 것으로 확인되었다. hTPO 형질전환 닭의 생산을 위하여 1,000배 이상 고농도로 농축된 virus를 stage X 단계의 계란의 배반엽 층에 미세주입하여 대리난각 방법으로 배양하였다. 미세주입한 132개의 계란 중 21일 후에 11개의 계란에서 병아리가 부화하였으며 그중 4마리가 형질전환 개체로 확인되었다. 그러나 생산된 4마리 중 3마리가 부화 후 1개월 이내에 원인불명으로 사망하였다. 본 연구의 의의는 상업적 이용 가능성이 있는 생물학적 활성을 가진 사람의 cytokine 단백질의 대량 생산을 위한 생체 반응기로서의 형질전환 닭 개발의 시례를 제공하는데 있다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.826-833
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• 2020

Phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ)는 phosphatidylinositol을 가수분해하여 신호전달 과정에 참여하는 PLC의 주요한 isotype으로 γ-specific array의 특징적인 구조를 바탕으로 receptor tyrosine kinases 및 non-receptor tyrosine kinase 신호를 주로 매개한다. PLCγ1과 PLCγ2의 두 isozyme이 존재하며 다양한 세포에서 발현하여 cell proliferation, migration 및 differentiation 등 여러 세포작용을 조절하고 있다. 최근의 연구들에서 PLCγ 돌연변이가 cancer와 immune disease 및 brain disorder 등에 연관된다는 것이 밝혀지고 있으며 genetic model을 통해 PLCγ의 생리적·병리적 기능이 제시되었다. 본 리뷰에서는 최신의 연구 결과들을 바탕으로 PLCγ의 구조와 활성 조절 기전에 대해 기술하고 나아가 여러 질병의 발병과 진행에서 보고된 PLCγ의 돌연변이와 knockout 마우스를 활용한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 생리적·병리적 관점에서 PLCγ의 역할에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.221-221
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• 2014

The present work proposes an improved numerical simulator for design and modification of large area capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) processing chamber. CCP, as notoriously well-known, demands the tremendously huge computational cost for carrying out transient analyses in realistic multi-dimensional models, because electron dissociations take place in a much smaller time scale (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-8{\sim}10-10$) than time scale of those happened between neutrals (${\Delta}t{\approx}10-1{\sim}10-3$), due to the rf drive frequencies of external electric field. And also, for spatial discretization of electron flux (Je), exponential scheme such as Scharfetter-Gummel method needs to be used in order to alleviate the numerical stiffness and resolve exponential change of spatial distribution of electron temperature (Te) and electron number density (Ne) in the vicinity of electrodes. Due to such computational intractability, it is prohibited to simulate CCP deposition in a three-dimension within acceptable calculation runtimes (<24 h). Under the situation where process conditions require thickness non-uniformity below 5%, however, detailed flow features of reactive gases induced from three-dimensional geometric effects such as gas distribution through the perforated plates (showerhead) should be considered. Without considering plasma chemistry, we therefore simulated flow, temperature and species fields in three-dimensional geometry first, and then, based on that data, boundary conditions of two-dimensional plasma discharge model are set. In the particular case of SiH4-NH3-N2-He CCP discharge to produce deposition of SiNxHy thin film, a cylindrical showerhead electrode reactor was studied by numerical modeling of mass, momentum and energy transports for charged particles in an axi-symmetric geometry. By solving transport equations of electron and radicals simultaneously, we observed that the way how source gases are consumed in the non-isothermal flow field and such consequences on active species production were outlined as playing the leading parts in the processes. As an example of application of the model for the prediction of the deposited thickness uniformity in a 300 mm wafer plasma processing chamber, the results were compared with the experimentally measured deposition profiles along the radius of the wafer varying inter-electrode gap. The simulation results were in good agreement with experimental data.