• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate i) the current state of washing knowledge and washing habits ii) the effect of washing behaviors on washing satisfaction. A survey questionnaire was developed and implemented to married women in their 30's or 40's. A total of 210 responses were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test and ANOVA with PASW18.0. The results are as follows. First, the ways in which women do the laundry was analyzed. Married women in their 30s and 40s usually do the laundry at home and are familiar with washing symbols and do not rely on common sense. Most of them like to rely on the washing machine guidelines for detergent concentration and use the right amount for environmental protection. They also adjust the washing machine setting effectively considering laundry time, water temperature and care label. Second, the groups divided by demographic variables showed meaningful results about washing knowledge. Particularly, there is no significant difference on washing knowledge between housewives and career women. Third, the groups divided by the levels of washing habits showed suggestive results about washing satisfaction. The groups who have correct washing habits generally a indicated high degree of washing satisfaction. Finally, marketing implications for the businesses of laundry, laundromat and the manufacturers of washing machine are suggested.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 1977

Washing efficiency of detergents were investigated by measuring of surface reflectance after cotton fabrics soiled in bath which consist of carbon black, palmitic acid, liquid paraffin and carbon tetrachloride were treated in Laundry-tester. Detergents used were soaps and synthetic detergents being on the marketing. Results of this study indicate that soaps were superior to synthetic detergents. Washing continued three times repeatedly in the same bath and washing in the bath which is kept for 24 hours after one washing, both of the washing efficiencies are found no appreciable change.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.53-61
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• 1985

This paper has been studied on the method of washing without any damage on wool, namely foam washing method. Effect of washing was obtained with experimental equipment manufactured by way of trial. but some deflects were found that the volume of detergent solution and blow ratio changed with time passes by. This difficulties should be improved by farther studies. The solution mixed with sodium oleate ($0.5\%$) and sodium carbonate ($0.3\%$) was found suitable for detergent solution, and under the conditions of washing temperature at $50\~60^{\circ}C$ and washing time for 5 minutes, the washing effect was obtained good. Desoaping treatment with $Na_2CO_3$ solution after washing might be thought to be necessary, and from the scanning electron micrographs (SEM), no damage on wool and wool sureface washed was, observed. From the results of this study foam washing of wool may be expected to be very effective.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.243-253
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• 1995

This study has been carried out for the antimicrobial effects of organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt with which cotton, polyester, and wool were treated respectively, using Esherichia coli and Proteus bulgaris which are experimental bacteria for clothing materials. As a results, the best antimicrobial effects of organic silicon quaternary ammonium salt came out from cotton ; the next form wool ; and lower from polyester. With the changes of the temperature, the antimicrobial effect with soaking time, there was no changes with cotton after 10 minutes passed. It seemed to have reacted entirely in the early stage. The longer the soaking duration was, the higher the effect from polyester was. The effect from wool was increased until 20 minutes, but decreased after 30 minutes. The optimal processing condition of cotton was in the condition of liquor ratio 40:1, concentration 0.5%, soaking time 5 minutes, and temperature 3$0^{\circ}C$ ; wool was 1.5%, 20 minutes, and 6$0^{\circ}C$ ; polyester was 2.0%, 30 minutes, and 3$0^{\circ}C$ respectively. The changes of the effect by washing was as followings : The processing effect on cotton and wool appeared to be everlasting, since they had no changes by washing 10 times ; while, it was remarkablely decreased with polyester by washing only once, and was almost disappeared after washing 10 times, which means that polyester has no durability to washing.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.716-724
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate the washing methods specified on care labels of blue jeans and to examine the appropriateness of the specification. In the study, the present condition of care labels on 100% cotton blue jeans was investigated and the consumers' washing methods of blue jeans were surveyed. Also, the shrinkage of blue jeans after washing was measured. The major results were as follows: 1. In spite of the fact that same materials of 100% cotton denim were used in all cases, washing signs on care labels showed very differently and the symbols of hand wash, using light duty detergent, no wring, drying in shade, and warm ironing with a covering cloth were demanding too high level of care for the protection of blue jeans. 2. Almost all consumers didn't follow instructions proposed on care labels because they didn't anticipate problem. In reality, most consumers washed blue jeans by machine in cold water with heavy duty detergent at standard course, dried under the sun, and didn't iron. The 40.8% of consumers didn't have problems even if they didn't follow instructions. Most problems happened after washing were shrinkage in length, but in shrinkage test after 15 times washings, it was found that there was no serious shrinkage problem. 3. For ideal care of blue jean, it is necessary for manufacturers to recognize the importance of care label and to stick correct appropriate care label. Also, consumers have to trust and follow instructions on care label.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 1993

This study was performed to investigate the effect of washing with water and detergent on the vitamin C content in strawberry and perilla leaf. Vitamin C was extracted with the solution of metaphosphoric acid and quantitated by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). There was no significant difference of vitamin C content between the washing with distilled water and tap water. Three available detergents reduced the vitamin C content of samples to 92.5%, 92.2% and 78.5%, respectively. The content of vitamin C in samples was decreased by increasing the concentration of detergent and washing time.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.93-98
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the changes of oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme during in vitro development with washing culture oil in porcine embryos. During the culture, the four types of culture oil such as paraffin oil with or without washing and mineral oil with or without washing were examined. The oil was washed with PZM-3 during 7 days and collected oil only. The embryos were stained with CellTracker$^{TM}$ Red, DCFDA and Hoechst 33342 to confirm the effects of the oil. As a results, Cleavage rates and total cell number were no difference among the four oil groups. However, ${\geq}16$ cell embryos were significantly different in fore type oil treatment and blastocyst rate was significantly higher washing paraffin treatment than in other group(p<0.05). Also, the expression of free radical were lower in washing paraffin oil than in other groups (p<0.05). On the other hand, the expression of glutathione were not significant different among paraffin oil with or without washing and mineral oil with or without washing, however washing paraffin oil and washing mineral groups were higher than other treatment groups. In conclusion, the washing oil was expected with positive effects on in vitro development in porcine embryos.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1992

This study was aimed to develope the new method for bovine sperm capacitation through testing and combinating factors relating to sperm capacitation. For verifying the efficiency of this method on inducing capacitation, in vitro fertilization was carried out. The results obtained were as follows: When pHs of HBS /PR for sperm-washing were 5.99, 6.38, 6.78, 7.10, 7.40, 7.69, 8.15, 8.45 and 8.83, variances between light absorhance differences obtained from sperm pre-washing solution and post-washing solution(VADs) were 0.000, 0.001, -0.001, -0.005, -0.005, -0.021,-0.017,-0.016,and-0.036, respectively. There were significant decreases of VADs in pH 7.69 and pH 8.83. When sperm were firstly, secondly, and thirdly washed with HBS /PR, VADs were -0. 024, - 0.006, and - 0.004, respectively. There was significant decrease of VAD in 1st sperm-washing. When washed-sperm were secondly washed with HBS /PR supplemented with no (con-trol), heparin, CSA, PC12, and BSA, VADs were 0.009, -0.024, -0.008, -0.009, and 0.014, respectively. When the sperm were thirdly washed with HBS /PR with no(control), heparin, CSA, PC12 and BSA, VADs were 0.020, -0.007, 0.005, 0.006, and 0.019, respectively. Only heparin treatment showed the negative values of VADs in 2nd and 3rd sperm-washing. Of oocytes cultured with sperm which were repeatedly washed with heparin and high pH, 52% (57/110) were cleaved over 2 cell stage. However, percent of oocytes parthenogenetically divided was 5%(2 /42).

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.241-247
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to compare the ultrasound gel container washing methods for the sterilization of contaminants and to find the useful methods for the prevention of infection caused by the ultrasonic gel containers. In this experiment, a 250 mL ultrasonic gel container was used, and the ultrasonic gel used was a non-sterile gel (ECO GEL 99, SeungWon Medical, Korea). In order to evaluate the degree of contamination, new 250 mL 15 containers were divided into 5 groups to perform five types of washing by no treatment, washing with water, washing with soap, washing with bottle cleaner and high disinfection level washing. After the washing process, filled the gel container with gel and after 2 weeks, the number of colonies in the gel container was sampled repeatedly twice in the same ultrasonic laboratory and compared before and after washing. As a result of among the five cleaning methods used in this study, 87.2% and 88.9% of the soapy water washing (p = 0.028) and high level washing (p = 0.027) showed significant bacterial reduction rates, respectively. Our findings conclusively an ultrasonic gel container cleaning method for removing contaminants has been found to be an effective sterilization method at a low cost with a soapy water cleaning method. Therefore, it is expected that it will be helpful to prevent the infection caused by the ultrasonic gel container by suggesting the sterilization cleaning method that is practically useful in this study.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2018

본 연구는 2015년 메르스 사태 후 성인의 손씻기 실태 및 손씻기 포스터의 효과를 파악하기 위하여 공공 화장실을 이용하는 성인 370명( 포스터 미부착 185명, 포스터 부착 185명)을 대상으로 직접 관찰 및 설문조사를 실시하였다. 남성의 46%, 여성의 21.5%가 손씻기를 하지 않았으며, 포스터를 부착한 집단에서 손을 씻은 대상자는 83.2%로 포스터를 부착하지 않은 집단에서 손을 씻은 대상자 47%에 비해 많았다. 남성은 평균 7.6초 동안, 여성은 13.5초 동안 손을 씻어 여성이 더 오랫동안 손을 씻었으며, 포스터 부착군과 미부착군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 손씻기의 6가지 절차를 다 실천한 대상자는 3.3%에 불과하였다. 손씻기 6가지 절차 중 4가지 이상을 수행한 대상자는 포스터 부착군 17%, 미부착군 10.3%이었다. 이상의 결과에서 손씻기 포스터는 손씻기 행위 자체에는 유의한 효과가 있었으나 올바른 방법으로 손씻기를 하는데, 즉 손씻는 시간 증진과 손씻기 절차 이행율 향상에는 효과적이지 못하였다. 그러므로 공공장소 화장실에 손씻기 안내방송과 시각적인 효과를 높일 수 있는 포스터의 보급이 필요하다.