• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.103-128
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• 1997

The object of this study is to evaluate the possibility of chemical-induced liver disorder among workers exposed to various chemicals and to classify the the liver function abnormalities by causes and to analyse the risk factors for each liver disorders. A cross-sectional study including questionnaire survey, physical examination, laboratory tests and ultrasonography of liver was conducted on 1,126 workers, 459 workers in a coal chemical plant(company A) and 667 workers in an insulation material manufacturing factory(company B). An industrial hygienist reviewed the chemicals used in both companies and evaluated the work environments to classify the workers by chemical exposure semiquantitatively. The results are as follows: 1. Of 459 workers in company A, 83 workers(18.1%) are classified as nonexposed, group 163(35,5%) as short-term exposure group, 155(33.8%) as intermediately exposed group and 58(12.6%) as long-term exposed group bared on the mean daily exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals evaluated by an industrial hygienist. Of 667 workers in company B, 484(72.6%) workers were classified as nonexposed and 183(35.5%) as exposed group. 2. Workers with SGOT level higher than 40 IU/l were (10.0%) in company A and 77(11.5%) in company 3, and those with SGPT level higher than 35 IU/l were 118(25.7%) in company A and 198(29.7%) in company B. The differences were not significant between companies and between exposure groups(p>0.05). Workers with $\gamma-GT$ level higher than 62 IU/l were 29(6.3%) in company A and 77(11.5%) in company B (p<0.01). The difference between exposure groups was not significant(p>0.05) within companies. Workers with liver function abnormalities(defined as SGOT higher than 40 IU/l or SGPT higher than 35 IU/l) were 338(30.0%) among 1,126 workers. Of 338 workers with live. function abnormalities 139(12.3%) had fatty liver by ultrasonography, 79(7.0%) had alcoholic liver(defined as workers with liver function abnormalities with weekly alcohol consumption greater than 280 g for more than 5 years), 54(4.8%) had hepatitis B, 12(1.1%) had hepatitis C and the other 114(33.7%) was not otherwise classified. Prevalences of alcoholic liver and fatty liver were significantly lower in company A(prevalence ratio 0.24 for alcoholic liver, p<0.001, prevalence ratio 0.76 for fatty liver, p<0.05) but prevalences of liver disorders between exposure groups within companies were not significant(p>0.05). 3. Summary prevalence ratios(SPR) of live. function abnormalities, fatty live. and other liver disorders, adjusted by age and company were not significantly higher in exposed group in any chemicals(p>0.05) but in some chemicals, SPRs were significantly lower. 4. On simple analysis of risk factors for liver function abnormalities, prevalence odds ratio(POR) of those with age between 30 and 39 was 1.54(p<0.01) and those with age ever 40 was 1.51(p<0.01). POR of those with histories of liver disorders and general anesthesia was 1.77(p<0.001) and 4.02 for those with overweight and 6.23 for those with obesity, defined by body mass index(p<0.001). 5. On logistic regression analysis, risk factors of liver function abnormality were fatty liver(POR 2.92 for grade 1, 12.15 for grade 2), presence of hepatitis B surface antigen(POR 3.62) and obesity(POR 5.38 for overweight and 16.52 for obesity). Presence of hepatitis B surface antigen(POR 0.18) was the only preventive facto. of fatty live. Company(POR 0.30) and obesity(POR 2.49 for overweight, 4.52 for obesity) were related to the alcoholic live. Obesity(POR 2.94 for overweight) was the only significant risk factor of hepatitis B and there was no significant risk factor for liver function abnormality not otherwise classified. It is concluded that the evidence of liver disorder related with chemical exposure is not evident in these factories. It is also postulated that fatty liver and alcoholic liver is most common causes of liver function abnormalities among workers and effort for weight control and improvement of life style should be done.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.4602-4609
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• 2013

온도차가 극심한 하절기와 동절기 콘크리트 타설의 경우 각종 균열의 발생, 콘크리트 품질불량, 내구성 및 강도저하 등 다양한 문제를 야기 시키고 있다. 특히 원전콘크리트의 경우 대량의 타설로 인한 4계절 연속시공이 이루어져 서중환경에서 콘크리트 품질관리에 많은 문제점이 발생되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 서중환경에서 많이 사용되어지는 프리쿨링 공법 중 배합수 냉각방법과 지연제 사용이 원전콘크리트의 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 배합수 냉각방법은 냉수 $5^{\circ}C$와 Ice Flake 50% 치환사용 하였으며, 지연제 사용에 따른 원전콘크리트의 굳지 않은 콘크리트 및 경화 후 콘크리트의 특성을 검토하였다. 굳지 않은 콘크리트 특성으로는 슬럼프, 공기량, 응결시간 및 경화 후 압축강도를 측정하였으며, 단열거푸집을 제작하여 손실되는 열을 최소화시켜 각 온도조건하에서 수화열을 측정하였다. 실험결과, 슬럼프 및 공기량 경시변화 종료시간은 $20^{\circ}C$에서 120분, $40^{\circ}C$에서 40분으로 나타났으며, 관입 저항에 의한 응결시간은 배합수 냉각방법 및 지연제 사용 모두 초결과 종결을 지연시키는 것으로 나타났으나, 외기온도가 상승할수록 지연폭은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 수화열은 배합수 냉각방법 모두 최고온도의 저감과 도달시간을 지연시키는 것으로 나타났으나, 지연제 사용의 경우 최고온도 저감효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 재령별 압축강도의 경우 3일, 7일의 초기재령에서 Plain과 비교하여 낮은 강도 값을 나타내었으나, 재령 28일에서는 설계기준강도를 모두 만족시키는 것으로 나타났다.