• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2003.11b
• /
• pp.127-130
• /
• 2003

In this paper, a hypothesis in order that the impulse response of a stable linear system does not change sign is suggested. For fixed zeros of the systems, the problem of synthesizing such a system is reduced to the problem of finding a proper denominator polynomial so that the step response of the overall system will not overshoot. The hypothesis is associated with the generalized time constant by Kim[5]. Under the hypothesis, we propose several methods that allow to compose a continuous time LTI systems achieving non-negative impulse response.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.153-200
• /
• 1997

In languages such as Japanese, it is very common to observe that short peripheral vowel are completely voiceless when surrounded by voiceless consonants. This phenomenon has been known as Montreal French, Shanghai Chinese, Greek, and Korean. Traditionally this phenomenon has been described as a phonological rule that either categorically deletes the vowel or changes the [+voice] feature of the vowel to [-voice]. This analysis was supported by Sawashima (1971) and Hirose (1971)'s observation that there are two distinct EMG patterns for voiced and devoiced vowel in Japanese. Close examination of the phonetic evidence based on acoustic data, however, shows that these phonological characterizations are not tenable (Jun & Beckman 1993, 1994). In this paper, we examined the vowel devoicing phenomenon in Korean using data from ENG fiberscopic and acoustic recorders of 100 sentences produced by one Korean speaker. The results show that there is variability in the 'degree of devoicing' in both acoustic and EMG signals, and in the patterns of glottal closing and opening across different devoiced tokens. There seems to be no categorical difference between devoiced and voiced tokens, for either EMG activity events or glottal patterns. All of these observations support the notion that vowel devoicing in Korean can not be described as the result of the application of a phonological rule. Rather, devoicing seems to be a highly variable 'phonetic' process, a more or less subtle variation in the specification of such phonetic metrics as degree and timing of glottal opening, or of associated subglottal pressure or intra-oral airflow associated with concurrent tone and stricture specifications. Some of token-pair comparisons are amenable to an explanation in terms of gestural overlap and undershoot. However, the effect of gestural timing on vocal fold state seems to be a highly nonlinear function of the interaction among specifications for the relative timing of glottal adduction and abduction gestures, of the amplitudes of the overlapped gestures, of aerodynamic conditions created by concurrent oral tonal gestures, and so on. In summary, to understand devoicing, it will be necessary to examine its effect on phonetic representation of events in many parts of the vocal tracts, and at many stages of the speech chain between the motor intent and the acoustic signal that reaches the hearer's ear.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.875-882
• /
• 2023

In this paper, we propose a virtual tuning technique for a temperature controller using the PID algorithm. Virtual simulation on a computer was used using the mathematical expression of the control object. A technique for accurately calculating the gain of the PID algorithm was introduced through detailed computer data analysis, and superior performance compared to conventional experimental tuning results was verified. In addition, it has the advantage of replacing tuning experiments conducted on actual control subjects, so there are no temporal or spatial limitations. Tuning experiments that actually operate the control object do not show detailed data that appears during the process. The accuracy of the experiment could not be guaranteed, and the results could not be confirmed immediately. Through the proposed technique, the entire tuning process can be accurately checked on a computer and the cause of problems that occur can also be analyzed.