• Journal of Sinology and China Studies
• /
• v.78
• /
• pp.135-155
• /
• 2019

Although the 'Buzhēng' theory of the Pre-Qin Period did not develop through fierce controversy, it has been universally and consistently argued in the writings of disciples including Taoism and Confucianism. The meaning and value of 'Buzhēng' theory is as follows: first, it is the 'modernity' of 'Buzhēng' theory. In general, philosophical ideals and cultural codes in ancient cultures do not have sustainability beyond the times. However, 'Buzhēng' theory communicates with people through the times. Second, the 'Buzhēng' theory focuses on the problem of the human being and calls for reflection and effort on the human being. The greatness of man is to reflect on his life in order to understand himself in the flow of history. Therefore, 'Buzhēng' theory is both a human principle and a human method. Third, 'Buzhēng' theory is based on humanity. We desire to be an indifferent being and to ask for higher altitude through self-sacrifice. Lastly, 'Buzhēng' theory is a very detailed account of human individual life.