• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권8호
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• pp.720-724
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• 2003

Aluminum nitride (AlN) powders were synthesized by using a mixture of an aluminum nitrate or sulfate salt and carbon (mole ratio of $Al^{3+}$ to carbon=L : 30). The AlN was obtained by calcining the mixture under a flow of nitrogen in the temperature range 1100-1$600^{\circ}C$ and then burning out the residual carbon. The process of conversion of the salt to AlN was monitored by XRD and $^{27}$ Al magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy. The salt decomposed to ${\gamma}$-alumina and then converted to AlN without phase transition from ${\gamma}$-to-$\alpha$-alumina. $^{27}$ Al MAS NMR spectroscopy shows that the formation of AlN commenced at 110$0^{\circ}C$. AlN powders obtained from the sulfate salt were superior to those from the nitrate salt in terms of homogeneity and crystallinity. A very small amount of AlN whiskers was obtained by calcining a mixture of an aluminum sulfate salt and carbon at 115$0^{\circ}C$ for 40 h, and the growth of the whiskers is well explained by the particle-to-particle self-assembly mechanism.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2014

A simple GC method with a FID detector was developed in order to determine two main compounds (${\beta}$-sitosterol and lupenone) for Adenophorae Radix. ${\beta}$-Sitosterol and lupenone were analyzed by the gradient thermal ramping method. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas at 108 kPa. The flow rate of gas was 2.0 mL/min; $2{\mu}L$ of filtered sample was injected at a split ratio of 1 : 80. This method was fully validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. Further, this GC-FID method was applied successfully in order to quantify two compounds in an Adenophorae Radix extract. The GC analytical method for classification analysis was performed by repeated analysis of 59 reference samples in order to differentiate between Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara and 14 Codonopsis lanceolata. The results indicate that the GC-FID method is suitable and reliable for the quality evaluation of Adenophorae Radix.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

A gas spring provides support force for lifting, positioning, lowering, and counterbalancing weights. It offers a wide range of reaction force with a flat force characteristic, simple mounting, compact size, speed controlled damping, and cushioned end motion. The most common usage is as a support on a horizontally hinged automotive tail gate. However, its versatility and ease of use has been applied in many other industrial applications ranging from office equipment to off-road vehicles. The cylinder of a gas spring is filled with compressed nitrogen gas, which is applied with equal pressure on both sides of the piston. The surface area of the rod side of the piston is smaller than the opposite side, producing a pushing force. The magnitude of the reaction force is determined by the cross-sectional area of the piston rod and the internal pressure inside the cylinder. The reaction force is influenced by many design parameters such as initial chamber volume, diameter ratio, etc. In this paper, we investigated the reaction force characteristics and carried out parameter sensitivity analysis for the design parameters of a gas spring.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
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• pp.97-100
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• 2001

This paper presents the characteristics of Ta-N thin-film strain gauges as high-temperature strain gauges, which were deposited on Si substrate by DC reactive magnetron sputtering in an argon-nitrogen atmosphere(Ar-(4~16%)$N_2$). These films were annealed for 1 hour in $2{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr vaccum furnace range $500\sim1000^{\circ}C$. The optimized conditions of Ta-N thin-film strain gauges were annealing condition($900^{\circ}C$, 1 hr.) in 8% $N_2$ gas flow ratio deposition atmosphere. Under optimum conditions, the Ta-N thin-films for strain gauges is obtained a high resistivity, $\rho=768.93$ ${\mu}{\Omega}cm$, a low temperature coefficient of resistance, TCR=-84 ppm/$^{\circ}C$ and a high temporal stability with a good longitudinal gauge factor, GF=4.12.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.704-711
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• 2008

Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is an environment friendly method of using coal. Several commercial IGCC plants have been built worldwide during the past decade, and a domestic development project has also been launched recently. Operation and performance characteristics of a gas turbine in the IGCC plant deviates from those of original gas turbines due to several factors such as increased amount of fuel supply and integration with other components. In this study, performance of a gas turbine in the IGCC plant is analyzed considering its integration with the air separation unit (ASU). Influence of the degree of integration (split of air supplies to ASU from the auxiliary compressor and the gas turbine compressor) on the system performance is investigated. In addition, effect of modulating nitrogen return flow from the gasifier to the gas turbine on the operating characteristics of the gas turbine is examined.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권B호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2007

We studied runoff characteristics of combined sewer overflows in a city while it was raining. The event mean concentration (EMC) of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand ($COD_{Cr}$), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in one of the combined sewer sites in Chuncheon was 63.5-211.6 mg/L, 114.9-523.8 mg/L, 70.3-436.4 mg/L, 6.4-33.0 mg/L, and 1.09-6.81 mg/L, respectively. In another combined sewer, the EMC of BOD, COD, SS, TN, and TP was 42.1-131.4 mg/L, 107.7-256.5 mg/L, 33.7-221.1 mg/L, 7.9-26.4 mg/L, and 1.16-3.91 mg/L, respectively. The ratio of the cumulative pollutant mass and the cumulative discharged volume determined using all parameters (BOD, $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN, and TP) was over 1.0, which shows the first flush effect. Relationships between flow and loadings of BOD, $COD_{Cr}$, SS, TN, and TP were 0.90, 0.89, 0.88, 0.89, 0.92, respectively. Although the size of two areas was almost same, pollutant concentration and loading were different because of the amount of rainfall, rainfall intensity and basin area.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.414-419
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• 1987

gel형성 다당류 생산균주인 Pseudomonas elodea ATTC 31461의 배양조건을 검토하기 위하여 탄소원, 질소원, 온도, pH의 영향을 조사한 결과 적당한 온도는 $30^{\circ}C$, pH는 6.5이고, 배지조성은 포도당 25g/L, peptone 12.38g/L, $K_2HP04$ 0.5g/L, MgSO4.7H20 0.1g/L이 적합하였으며 이때 다당류의 생성량은 32g/L이었다. 생산다당류의 1% 용액은 점도가 837mPas, 점조성지수는 2570mPas, 유동지수는 0.66이다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.376-377
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• 2006

This paper presents the characteristics of Ta-N thin film strain gauges that are suitable for harsh environemts, which were deposited on thermally oxidized Si substrates by DC reactive magnetronsputtering in an argon-nitrogen atmosphere (Ar-$N_2$ (4 ~ 16 %)). These films were annealed for 1 hr in $2{\times}10^{-6}$ Torr in a vacuum furnace with temperatures that ranged from 500 - $1000^{\circ}C$. The optimized deposition and annealing conditions of the Ta-N thin film strain gauges were determined using 8 % $N_2$ gas flow ratio and annealing at $900^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr. Under optimum formation conditions, the Ta-N thin film strain gauges obtained a high electrical resistivity, ${\rho}\;=\;768.93\;{\mu}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$, a low temperature coefficient of resistance, $TCR\;=\;-84\;ppm/^{\circ}C$ and a high temporal stability with a good longitudinal gauge factor, GF=4.12. The fabricated Ta-N thin film strain gauges are expected to be used inmicromachined pressure sensors and load cells that are operable under harsh environments.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2004

The performance of a newly designed wastewater treatment process equipped with an anaerobic and two intermittent aeration tanks operated alternately was investigated. During the experimental period, several types of cyclic operating schedules with different aeration and non aeration time were examined for the optimization. At all modes, the removals of organic matter and SS were highly achieved. With respect to T-N removal, however, the cycle length for aeration on/off affected the efficiencies. At the optimal operating mode, the ORP bending point indicating the disappearance of nitrate was observed. Considering the influent wastewater characteristics and cyclic operating schedules, it can be suggested that T-P removal is much more BOD/T-P ratio and/or its load dependant rather than the aeration on/off time. The results obtained from pilot-scale test showed the competitive advantage of this alternating process through an omission of nitrate recycle and operational flexibility against influent load variations when comparing with other continuous flow processes.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.170-176
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• 1998

1997년 5월 20일에서 8월 30일까지 북한강 지천인 율문천의 수위변동과 유속을 측정하고, 수문 자료 수집과 오염부하량을 예측하고 9개 지점에서 수질시료를 시기별로 채취하여 분석하였다. 율문천 소유역은 임야 60%, 주거지와 밭 20%, 논 20%였으며, 농가수 366 가구, 비농가수 322가구, 그리고 인구는 2,622명이었다. 조사기간(1997년 5월 20일~8월 30일)중 유역의 총강수량은 18.000 천$m^3$였고, 하루 최대 유출일은 7월 1일로 129.8 천$m^3$, 최소 유출일은 8월 17일로 0.4 천 $m^3$가 유출되었으며, 전체 유출율은 72% 이었다. 조사 기간중 모든 지점에서 $NO_3-N$ $1.4{\sim}12.6mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$, $NH_4-N$ $0.84{\sim}2.52mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$, T-P는 불검출~$2.20mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$. T-N은 $8.40{\sim}27.30mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$의 범위를 보였다. 이에 따른 T-N 부하량은 최대 $1,512kg\;day^{-1}$, 최소 $5kg\;day^{-1}$, 그리고 T-P의 부하량은 최대 $67.4kg\;day^{-1}$, 최소 $0.3kg\;day^{-1}$로 계산되었다. 강수중 $NO_3-N$의 농도는 $0.7mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$, $NH_4-N$은 $1.12mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$이었고, 농업지대 유출수는 각각 8.5, $2.0mg\;{\ell}^{-1}$로 강수의 13.5배와 1.8배 수준을 나타냈다. 소유역의 토양유실 예측량은 연간 12,635 Mg 으로 추정되고, 농업부분에서 N부하량은 101,210 kg로 전체 N부하량의 52.3% 였으며, 특히 토양유실과 비료에 의한 오염부하가 42%로 높게 추정되었다.