• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.3345-3350
• /
• 2014

춘계 진해만에서 식물플랑크톤의 분포특성에 영향을 미치는 영양염 농도 및 거동을 파악하기 위해서 총 23개 정점에서 2010과 2011년에 현장조사를 수행하였고, 지리지형학 특성과 오염물 부하를 고려하여 4개의 구역으로 구분하여 평가하였다. 진해만 광역해역에서 해역별 영양염 제한은 해수 순환이 원활한 중앙해역인 구역 II에서 80% 이상으로 가장 높게, 다음으로 서남해역의 구역 III과 IV에서는 17%-83%의 중간정도로 나타났으며, 마산만 인근의 반폐쇄적인 구역 I에서는 35% 이하로 낮게 관찰되었다. 연도별 영양염 공급원으로는 2010년에는 오 폐수 등에 의한 질소기원 영양염의 유입이 높은 비중을 차지하였고, 2011년에는 강우에 의한 담수유입에 의하여 해역의 저염분화와 더불어 질소, 규소, 인 계열의 영양염이 동시에 유입되었다. 특히 2010년에는 질소계열의 영양염과 규조류(Pseudo-nitzchia spp.)의 높은 상관성을 보였고, 2011년에는 모든 영양염과 규조류 (Leptocylindrus danicus)와 높은 관련성이 있었다. 결과적으로 춘계 진해만에 유입되는 질소 계열의 영양염은 규조류의 성장에 중요한 영향을 미쳤으며, 그들의 빠른 영양염 섭취(uptake)로 인하여 해역에 따라서 영양염 절대농도 뿐 만 아니라, 영양염 구성성분비의 제한을 일으킬 수 있다는 것을 파악하였다.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.157-167
• /
• 2003

Effect of the effluent of the sewage and wastewater plants on the algal growth was investigated from the 19 plants located in the Nakdong river basin. Most of the samples showed high values of the algal growth potential (AGP) when they were mixed with natural river water at 20% of final concentration. At 20% of the mixing ratio, the mixed effluents of sewage and wastewater showed 3.5 and 1.8 times higher AGP than those of the natural river water. The higher AGP values are attributable to the high contents of phosphorus and ammonium in the effluent. The mixing ratio of effluents of the discharge/river flow was highest in the Kumho River (42.8%) followed by the middle of Nakdong River (22.7%), Kam Stream (13.9%), Byungsung Stream (13.3%), Yangsan Stream (7.9%), and Young River (5.4%). Comparison of the trophic state of the effluents with natural river water indicated that the effluents showed higher trophic values than natural water. Concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and conductivity in the effluents were 12.3, 4.9 and 5.3 times higher than the those found in natural river water respectively. The AGP values were highly related with the trophicity of the water especially on the concentrations of phosphate and ammonium. Toxicities of the treated sewage water, wastewater and livestock waste water tested by the luminescent bacteria, Vibrio fischerii were generally low.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.458-462
• /
• 2013

A drainage ditch is normally a component of drainage networks in farming systems to remove surplus water, but at the same time, it may act as a major conduit of agricultural nonpoint source pollutions such as sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus, and so on. The hybrid turbidity reduction system using biodegradable check dam and synthetic polymer was developed in this study to manage pollutant discharge from agricultural farmlands during rainfall events and/or irrigation periods. The performance of this hybrid system was assessed using a laboratory open channel sized in 10m-length and 0.2m-width. Various check dams using agricultural byproducts (e.g., rice straw, rice husks, coconut fiber and a mixture of rice husks and coconut fiber) were tested and additional physical factors (e.g., channel slope, flowrate, PAM dosage, turbidity level, etc.) affecting on turbidity reduction were applied to assess their performance. A series of lab experiments clearly showed that the hybrid turbidity reduction system could play a significant role as a supplementary of Best Management Practice (BMP). Moreover, the findings of this study could facilitate to develop an advanced BMP for minimizing nonpoint source pollution from agricultural farmlands and ultimately to achieve the sustainable agriculture.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.183-188
• /
• 2017

본 연구는 중 소형 선박의 배가스에 포함되어 있는 황산화물 및 질소산화물을 처리하기 위한 습식 스크러버의 처리효율에 관한 내용이다. 실험은 질소산화물 기술문서($NO_X$ Technical Code)의 E3 모드에 준해서 진행하였다. 엔진에서 황산화물을 배출하기 위해서, 연료로 사용되는 경유에 ditertiarybutyldusulfide를 혼합하여 황 함유량을 높인 연료로 실험을 진행하였다. 배가스 내의 질소산화물의 대부분을 차지하는 NO가스는 $NO_2$로 산화시켜 습식 스크러버로 흡수하였으며, 황산화물인 $SO_2$는 세정액에 잘 흡수되어 100% 처리효율을 확인하였다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.557-566
• /
• 2019

Paldang is a river reservoir in the Midwest of Korea, which is a drinking water source for the metropolitan area. Since the Paldang Reservoir is shallow, and has a short hydraulic residence time, its water quality is directly impacted by two incoming rivers, the north Han River (NHR) and the south Han River (SHR). The NHR has different seasonal patterns of water temperature from the SHR because the NHR is greatly impacted by the discharge water from upstream dams. The electrical conductivity (EC) and other material concentrations of the SHR are usually higher than those of the NHR because its basin is limestone-based. The difference in water temperature in the two rivers causes density flow, and the distribution of the EC within the reservoir can be an indicator for monitoring density flow. From the vertical gradient of the EC at the dam site, from spring to fall, it was confirmed that the SHR flowed into the upper layer, and the NHR flowed into the lower layer, and vice versa at other times. The relative difference (RD) of the EC between the upper layer and the lower layer at the dam site was used as an indicator for density flow. The RD of the EC showed a very significant correlation with the RD of total organic carbon (r = 0.70, p < 0.001) and the RD of total nitrogen (r = 0.58, p < 0.01). This relationship is based on the assumption that the difference in electrical conductivity and water quality between the SHR and the NHR is constant. However, in many cases this assumption is inconsistent. Thus, further study is needed on more suitable indicators to evaluate the impact of density flow on water quality.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.110-119
• /
• 2004

The combination of biological and physical/chemical technologies is a promising technique to reduce highly concentrated pollutants in livestock wastewater. It is suggested to treat livestock wastewater efficiently as follows: firstly, biodegradable organic matters, nitrogen and some of phosphorus should be removed by a biological treatment process and then residual non-biodegradable organic matters, color and phosphorus be eliminated by physicochemical technologies. In this study, therefore, the integrations of chemical coagulation, activated carbon adsorption, Fenton oxidation and ozonation were evaluated to provide appropriate post-treatment processes for biologically pre-treated livestock wastewater. After chemical coagulation followed by ozonation or Fenton oxidation process, the quality of treated wastewater could meet the discharge limit in Korea. However, a yellowish brown color still remained in the treated wastewater after a single method such as coagulation and Fenton oxidation was applied. The ozonation was found to be the most effective technology for the decolorization. Neither simple biological nor physicochemical treatment provides adequate decolorization and sufficient depletion of organics in livestock wastewater so far. Consequently, the integration of Fenton oxidation and ozonation with a biological treatment process is recommended to treat livestock wastewater in terms of removal efficiency.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제42권8호
• /
• pp.631-641
• /
• 2009

본 연구는 부영양화되어 있는 하구감조역에서의 $N_2O$생성과 거동을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 도시역에서의 N2O발생에 착안하여 그 중에서도 인위적 임팩트가 크다고 판단되는 하수처리수 생활폐수 등이 유입되는 도시하천감조역을 대상으로 현지 정점조사를 실시하여 수역의 사계절에 걸친 각 질소성분의 농도변화와 flux를 상세히 파악하고 저질간극수 중의 연직분포를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 완혼합이고 염수쐐기설(楔)가 형성되는 Tatara천(川)에서 하수처리수는 해수의 혼합형태의 영향을 크게 받고 고농도수괴(水塊)로서 표층을 이동하고 있으며, 이 수역의 질소변환기구 및 $N_2O$생성과정에 큰 영향을 미치고 있는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이 수역에서 관측된 $N_2O$농도는 1.8-20.9 $\mu M$로서 대기중의 포화농도와 담수중의 포화농도를 고려하면 항상 포화농도상태이며, 주발생원은 수역저토였다. 저질간극수 중의 각 질소성분의 농도분포는 호소와 인근해역에서의 분포와는 달리 분자확산 이외의 수송경로가 있다는 것이 시사되었다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.577-585
• /
• 2014

A series of experiments using atmospheric-pressure non-thermal plasma coupled with transition metal catalysts were performed to remove ethylene from agricultural storage facilities. The non-thermal plasma was created by dielectric barrier discharge, which was in direct contact with the catalyst pellets. The transition metals such as Ag and $V_2O_5$ were supported on ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$. The effect of catalyst type, specific input energy (SIE) and oxygen content on the removal of ethylene was examined to understand the behavior of the hybrid plasma-catalytic reactor system. With the other parameters kept constant, the plasma-catalytic activity for the removal of ethylene was in order of $V_2O_5/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ > $Ag/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ > ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ from high to low. Interestingly, the rate of plasma-catalytic ozone generation was in order of $V_2O_5/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ > ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ > $Ag/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$, implying that the catalyst activation mechanisms by plasma are different for different catalysts. The results obtained by varying the oxygen content indicated that nitrogen-derived reactive species dominated the removal of ethylene under oxygen-lean condition, while ozone and oxygen atoms were mainly involved in the removal under oxygen-rich condition. When the plasma was coupled with $V_2O_5/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$, nearly complete removal of ethylene was achieved at oxygen contents higher than 5% by volume (inlet ethylene: 250 ppm; gas flow rate: $1.0Lmin^{-1}$; SIE: ${\sim}355JL^{-1}$).

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.285-292
• /
• 2014

Commercial activated-carbon used as the electrode material of an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) was posttreated with various acids and alkalis to increase its capacitance. The carbon samples prepared were then heat-treated in order to control the amount of acidic functional groups formed by the acid treatments. Coin-type EDLC cells with two symmetric carbon electrodes were assembled using the prepared carbon materials and an organic electrolyte. The electrochemical performance of the EDLC was measured by galvanostatic charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Among the various activated carbons, the carbon electrodes (CSsb800) prepared by the treatments of coconutshell-based carbon activated with NaOH and $H_3BO_5$, and then heat treated at $800^{\circ}C$ under a flow of nitrogen gas, showed relatively good electrochemical performance. Although the specific-surface-area of the carbon-electrode material ($1,096m^2/g$) was less than that of pristine activated-carbon ($1,122m^2/g$), the meso-pore volume increased after the combined chemical and heat treatments. The specific capacitance of the EDLC increased from 59.6 to 74.8 F/g (26%) after those post treatments. The equivalent series resistance of EDLC using CSsb800 as electrode was much lower than that of EDLC using pristine activated carbon. Therefore, CSsb800 exhibited superior electrochemical performance at high scan rates due to its low internal resistance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.1168-1176
• /
• 2004

Intensive animal industries create large volumes of nutrient rich effluent, which, if untreated, has the potential for substantial environmental degradation. Aquatic plants in aerobic lagoon systems have the potential to achieve inexpensive and efficient remediation of effluent, and to recover valuable nutrients that would otherwise be lost. Members of the family Lemnaceae (duckweeds) are widely used in lagoon systems, but despite their widespread use in the cleansing of sewage, only limited research has been conducted into their growth in highly eutrophic media, and little has been done to systematically distinguish between different types of media. This study examined the growth characteristics of duckweed in abattoir effluent, and explored possible ways of ameliorating the inhibitory factors to growth on this medium. A series of pot trials was conducted to test the tolerance of duckweed to abattoir effluent partially remediated by a sojourn in anaerobic fermentation ponds, both in its unmodified form, and after the addition of acid to manipulate pH, and the addition of bentonite. Unmodified abattoir effluent was highly toxic to duckweed, although duckweed remained viable and grew sub optimally in media with total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentrations of up to 100 mg/l. Duckweed also grew vigorously in effluent diluted 1:4 v/v, containing 56 mg TAN/L and also modified by addition of acid to decrease pH to 7 and by adding bentonite (0.5%).