• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.252-258
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• 2008

The cytotoxic effect of benzoic acid and related compounds on the growth of normal cell lines and human oral epithelioid cell line was evaluated by the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 2,3-bis-[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT) methods. 3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid decreased the cell viability of human oral epithelioid cells and the cell adhesion activity of human oral epithelioid cells. Under the light microscopy, 100 ${\mu}M$ 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid showed the highest cytotoxic activity. From these results, we can propose that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid has a potential anticancer activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.518-521
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• 2007

생활하수처리장과 농공단지폐수처리장 방류수의 화학분석과 in vitro bio-assay를 통한 세포독성의 결과를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 다성분 동시분석법을 통해 다양한 성상을 가진 9곳의 방류수에서는 phenol, aliphatic compounds, polycyclic compounds, phthalate, pesticides, aromatic amines, benzens, nitro compounds이 주오염물질로 검출이 되었다. 2) 세포독성을 나타내는 TU값이 생활하수에서는 화학분석에 결과 다종고농도의 유기오염물질이 검출된 A지점과 농공폐수의 F지점에서 높게 나타났다. 즉, 화학분석결과와 in vitro bio-assay에 의한 상관관계를 유추해 볼 수 있다. 3) S9 mixture에 따른 대사활성으로 난분해성, 소수성 유기오염물질에 대한 세포독성에 악영향을 미침을 알 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.80-83
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• 1997

The methanol extract of aerial part of Angelica keiskei Koidzumi exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity against aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA100. Cynaroside, isolated front ethylacetate fraction of the methanol extract Over silica gel, inhibited the mutagenicity of $AFB_1$ with an inhibition value of 96% at 1.0 mg/plate concentration and 87% at 0.5 mg/plate concentration. Other compounds, hyperoside, sucrose and luteolin-7-rutinoside, isolated from ethylactate or n-butanol fraction, also showed antimutagenic effect.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.293-299
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• 2003

Structure-activity relationship studies of allylamine type of antimycotics were carried out to evaluate the effect of naphthyl and methyl portion of naftifine. Compounds with 4-fluorophenyl(2a-5a), 2-fluorophenyl(2b-5b), 2,4-dichlorophenyl(2c-5c), 2,6-dichlorophenyl(2d-5d), 4-nitrophenyl(2e-5e), and 2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxan-6-yl( 2f-5f) instead of naphthyl group with hydrogen(3a-3f), methyl(4a-4f), and ethyl(5a-5f) in the place of methyl in naftifine were synthesized and tested their in vitro anti-fungal activity against five different fungi. Eight compounds(3a, 5a, 3c, 4c, 4d, 5d, 5e, and 4f) showed significant antifungal activity against T. mentagrophytes. (E)-N-Ethyl-(3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-4-nitro-benzenemethaneamine(5e) displayed moderate antifungal activity against all five different fungi.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.108-120
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• 1977

The approximate rates and stoichiometries of the reaction of lithium borohydride, with fifty two selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups under the standard condition (tetrahydrofuran, $0^{\circ}$), were studied.Among the active hydrogen compounds,primary alcohols and compounds containing an acidic proton liberated hydrogen relatively fast, but secondary and tertiary alcohols very sluggishly. All the carbonyl compounds examined were reduced rapidly within one hour. Especially, among the ${\alpha}{\beta}$-unsaturated carbonyl compounds tested, the aldehydes consumed one hydride cleanly, however the cyclic ketones consumed more than one hydride even at $-20^{\circ}$. Carboxylic acids were reduced very slowly, showing about 60% reduction in 6 days at $25^{\circ}$, however acyl chlorides reduced immediately within 30 minutes. On the other hand, the reductions of cyclic anhydrides proceeded moderately to the hydroxy acid stage, however the further reductions were very slow. Aromatic and aliphatic esters, with exception of the relatively moderate reduction of acetate, were reduced very slowly, however lactones were reduced at a moderate rate. Epoxides reacted slowly, but amides and nitriles as well as the nitro compounds were all inert to this reagent. And cyclohexanone oxime and phenyl isocyanate were reduced very sluggishly. Last of all, all sulfur compounds studied were inert to this hydride.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.185-189
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• 1965

Korean acid clays and silica gel were put into action on benzene solution of dye, such as aniline yellow, o-nitro aniline and oil orange, and then the adsorptivity of dye in nonaqueous solution was measured, with the result that adsorptivity was greater with silica than acid clays and it had no relation to acidity. And when chemical compounds, such as amine, alcohol, halogen derivative, were added to each dye solution by 10%(in volume), the change of the adsorptivity of dye by solid acid(that is, the interfered adsorption rate) decreased in order of amine > alcohol > halogen derivative, and in homologue the smaller the molecular weight, the larger was the effect. So adsorption in nonaqueous solution was a selective adsorption of chemical compounds which contained negative groups such as amine and hydroxyl radicals, and it had no relation to surface tension and showed inverted phenomenon of Traube series. It is guessed that the inverted phenomenon (the interfered adsorption phenomenon) was due to the polar chemical adsorption between active $SiO_2$ which was an origin of solid acid and the adsorbed substances, considering that the order of inversion was nearly in accord with dipole moment of added solvents. The results of this study led to find adsorption mechanism and inverted phenomenon of Traube series in nonaqueous solution.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.345-353
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• 2003

The reaction of 6-chloro-3-methoxycarbonylmethylene-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline(5) or 3-methoxycarbonylmethylene-6-nitro-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline(6) with hydrazine hydrate gave 3-hydrazinocarbonylmethylene-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines(7, 8). The reaction of compound 7 or 8 with substituted benzaldehydes or heteroaromatic aldehydes afforded quinoxalines(9-14). Compounds showed the tautomerism between the enamine and methylene imine forms, and between the enamine, methylene imine and enaminol forms in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. The tautomer ratios were determined by the 1H NMR.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.912-915
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• 1995

Ornidazole, C7H10ClN3O3, crystallizes in the triclinic, space group P1^, with a=13.605(2), b=14.054(1), c=8.913(5) Å, α=71.59(2), β=78.73(2), γ=64.86(1)°, μ=3.26 cm-1, Dc=1.499 g/cm3, Dm=1.497g/cm3, F(000)=684, and z=6. Intensities for 2693 unique reflections were measured on a CAD4 diffractometer with graphite-monochromated Mo-Kα radiation. The structure was solved by direct method and refined by block-diagonal least squares to a final R of 0.081 (Rw=0.047) for 1952 reflections with Fo>3σ (Fo). The asymmetric unit contains three independent molecules of the title compound. The bond lengths and bond angles are comparable with the values found in the other nitro-substituted compounds. The nitro groups are rotated (6.9°, 6.6°, 2.6° for the three independent molecule, respectively) about the C-N axes from the imidazole planes. The crystal structures are linked by two intermolecular hydrogen bonds of O-H---N type and one intermolecular hydrogen bond of O-H---O type.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-18
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• 2009

Objectives : In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium, the cytoprotective effect of phenolic compounds against hexavalent chromium-induced cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell adhesion ability, lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity, and morphological changes of cells were examined. Methods : We measured the cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium with 3-[4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT), 2,3-bis-[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-caboxanilide (XTT), LDH and DPPH methods. Results : The cytotoxicity of hexavalent chromium($IC_{50}$, $44.0-51.0{\mu}M$) was high according to the toxic criteria. Cytoprotective effect of phenolic compounds against $IC_{50}$ value of hexavalent chromium in cell morphology increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggest that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid may be used as a cytoprotective agent against chromium(IV)-mediated cytotoxicity.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.890-895
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• 1997

The approximate rates and stoichiometry of the reaction of excess lithium tripiperidinoaluminum hydride (LTPDA), an alicyclic aminoaluminum hydride, with selected organic compounds containing representative functional groups under the standardized conditions (tetrahydrofuran, 25°) were examined in order to define the reducing characteristics of the reagent for selective reductions. The reducing ability of LTPDA was also compared with those of the parent lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) and lithium tris(diethylamino)aluminum hydride (LTDEA), a representative aliphatic aminoaluminum hydride. In general, the reactivity of LTPDA toward organic functionalities is weaker than LTDEA and much weaker than LAH. LTPDA shows a unique reducing characteristics. Thus, benzyl alcohol, phenol and thiols evolve a quantitative amount of hydrogen rapidly. The rate of hydrogen evolution of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols is distinctive. LTPDA reduces aldehydes, ketones, esters, acid chlorides and epoxides readily to the corresponding alcohols. Quinones, such as p-benzoquinone and anthraquinone, are reduced to the corresponding diols without hydrogen evolution. Tertiary amides and nitriles are also reduced readily to the corresponding amines. The reagent reduces nitro compounds and azobenzene to the amine stages. Disulfides are reduced to thiols, and sulfoxides and sulfones are converted to sulfides. Additionally, the reagent appears to be a good partial reducing agent to convert primary carboxamides into the corresponding aldehydes.