• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 도토리를 이용한 기능 식품개발을 목적으로 한 연구의 일환으로 도토리의 항산화 특성을 조사하기 위하여 추출온도 $30{\sim}70^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 $1{\sim}5$ 시간, 용매비 $5{\sim}25$ mL/g을 중심합성계획법으로 16개의 구간으로 하여 총페놀성 화합물의 함량, 전자공여능, 항산화능 및 아질산 염소거작용 등을 반응표면분석법으로 모니터링하여 최적추출조건을 설정하였다. 실험 결과 총페놀성 화합물 함량은 추출온도 $57.91^{\circ}C$, 추출시 간 4.08 시간 및 시료에 대한 용매비 22.39 mL/g에서 최대값을 나타내었으며, 용매비에 영향을 받고 있으며, 추출시간 및 추출온도의 영향은 없는 것으로 나타났다. 전자공여능에 대해서는 추출온도 $60.37^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 2.85 시간 및 용매비 6.47mL/g일 때 최대값을 나타내었으며, 항산화능에서는 최대값이 2.09 AI로 예측되었고, 이때 추출조건은 추출온도 $37.11^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 1.67시간 및 용매비 18.84 mL/g이었으며 추출온도, 추출시간 및 용매비 모두에 대해 영향을 크게 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 아질산염소거능은 추출온도 $47.07^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 1.24시간 및 용매비 19.55 mL/g에서 최대값을 나타내었다. 추출 후 아질산염소거능의 변화는 용매비에 영향을 가장 크게 받으며, 다음으로 추출온도에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으나 설정 범위내에서 추출시간에 대한 영향은 나타나지 않았다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.341-351
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• 2013

Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes with a general composition[$M(L)_2(X)_2$], where L=4-aminopyridine (4AP) and $X=NO_2{^-}$ were prepared under microwave irradiation. The metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, molar conductance, IR, Far-IR, electronic, NMR ($^1H$, $^{13}C$), XPS spectral and thermal studies. The spectroscopic studies reveal the composition, different modes of bonding, electronic transition, different chemical environment of C and H atoms and the electronic state of the metal atoms. On the basis of the characterization data, tetrahedral geometry is suggested for all the complexes. The free ligand (4-aminopyridine) and their metal complexes were screened against phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria in vitro and the activities were compared.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2004

Contents of nitrites was tested in 2,290 meat products during 2000-2003, in Seoul by Diazoa method. It was detected over 40 ppm NO$_2$$\^$-/ contents in 20 hams, 7 sausages, one bacon, and one crushed meat product respectively. Also, over 20ppm nitrites was 21.8%(240/1,103) in hams, 20.7%(122/589) in sausages, 6.8%(14/205) in crushed meats, and in 6.0%(5/83) bacons respectively. In case of average contents and contents range, 0.012 g/kg, ND-0.116 g/kg in hams, 0.012 g/kg, ND-0.066 g/kg in sausages, 0.010 g/kg, 0.001-0.089 g/kg in bacons, and 0.006 g/kg, ND-0.040 g/kg in crushed meats etc. Specially, in sausages, it was increased continually by years, in not only average nitrites contents but also their contents range, also, in case of bacons, increased continually by years on only average nitrites contents. According to results, the NO$_2$$\^$-/ contents monitoring for the processed meat products must be reinforced to supply safety food for the citizens.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1998

Background: The role of nitric oxide(NO) in analgesia from opioids is controversial. On the one hand, IV morphine analgesia is enhanced by IV injection of NO synthase inhibitors. On the other hand, IV morphine results in increased release of NO in the spinal cord. There have been no behavioral studies examining the interaction between IV morphine and intrathecal injection of drugs which affect NO synthesis. Method: Rats were prepared with chronic lumbar intrathecal catheters and were tested withdrawal latency on the hot plate after 3~5 days of surgery. Antinociception was determinined in response to a heat stimulus to the hind paw before and after IV injection of morphine, 2.5 mg/kg. Twenty minutes after morphine injection, rats received intrathecal injection of saline or the NO synthase inhibitors, L-NMMA or TRIM, the NO scavenger, PTIO, or the NO synthase substrate, L-Arginine. Intrathecal injections, separated by 15 min, were made in each rats and measurements were obtained every 5 min. Result: Mophine produced a 60~70% maximal antinociceptive response to a heat stimulus in all animals for 60 min in control experiments. Intrathecal injection of idazoxane decreased antinociception of IV morphine. The NO synthase inhibitors and the NO scavenger produced dose-dependent decreases in antinociceptive effect of morphine, whereas saline as a control group and L-Arginine as the NO substrate had no effect on antinociception of morphine. Conclusion: The present study supports the evidences that systemic morphine increase the nitrite in cerebrospinal fluid and dorsal horn. These data suggest that the synthesis of NO in the spinal cord may be important to the analgesic effect of IV morphine and increased NO in spinal cord has different action from the supraspinal NO.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1991

가온(加溫) 양어장(養魚場)에서 자란 참장어(뱀장어) Anguilla japonica의 병리조직학적(病理組織學的) 변화(變化)와 Methemoglobin증(症)에 대(對)해서 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 양어장(養魚場)의 수질(水質)은 수온(水溫) $22.0{\sim}29.0^{\circ}C$, DO 4.33~7.33ppm, pH 6.1~8.2, $NO_2$ - N 0.03~10.1ppm의 범위(範圍)였다. 2. 조사(調査) 대상(對象)인 참상어는 외관상(外觀狀)으로는 활력(活力)이나 체색(體色) 및 혈액(血液)에 이상(異常)이 없었고, pH 6.0 정도(程度)로 낮은 양어장(養魚場)이 참상어는 체표면(體表面)에 점액질(粘液質)이 많았으며 점착력(粘着力)이 컸었다. 3. Methemoglobin양(量)은 12월(月)에 총(總) 적혈구(赤血球)의 1.03~9.86%, 6월(月)에 5.05~25.69%였으며, 변형적혈구(變形赤血球)의 양(量)은 12월(月)에 5.83~30.17%, 6월(月)에 8.67~74.45%로서 Methemoglobin이나 변형적혈구(變形赤血球)의 출현량(出現量)이 다 같이 하계(夏季)에 많은 증가(增加)를 보인 것은 양어장(養魚場)의 물 관리(管理)가 겨울철에도 좋지 못했지만 여름철에 더 좋지못했다는 결과(結果)인 것 같다. 4. 아가미, 간(肝) 및 신장(腎臟) 조직(組織)은 조사(調査)한 양어장(養魚場) 전체(全體)에서 중급(中級) 이상(以上)의 부종증상(浮腫症狀)을 보였고, 3월(月)과 6월(月)에 아가미는 2차새변 상피세포(上皮細胞)(호흡세포((呼吸細胞))의 박리(剝離)가 일어나는 심(甚)한 변성(變性)을 보인 양어장(養魚場)에 많아졌으며 간장(肝臟)은 핵농축(核濃縮)이나 동공화(洞空化)된 세포(細胞)가 많아졌고 신장(腎臟)은 대다수(大多數)의 양어장(養魚場)에서 혈철증(血鐵症)이 생겼다. 5. 아질산(亞窒酸) 농도(濃度)가 높은 양어장(養魚場)에서 Methemoglobin이 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)은 있었으나 반드시 일치(一致)하지는 않았고, pH가 6.0 정도(程度)로 낮은 양어지(養魚池)에서는 아질산(亞窒酸) 농도(濃度)에 관계(關係)없이 Methemoglobin과 변형적혈구(變形赤血球)의 출현량(出現量)이 대체(大體)로 증가(增加)했으며 아가미, 간(肝) 및 신장(腎臟) 조직(組織)의 퇴행성(退行性) 변성(變性)이 심(甚)했다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.198-203
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• 2004

본 연구는 쑥 분말 첨가와 도체 등급이 돈육 패티의 저장성에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여, B 및 I 등급 원료육에 쑥 분말을 첨가한 것과 첨가하지 않은 것 네 종류의 돈육 패티를 제조하였다. 쑥 분말을 첨가한 돈육 패티의 아질산 잔류량은 저장 2주까지 큰 폭으로 감소하였으나, 첨가하지 않은 것은 4주까지 큰 폭으로 감소하여서 쑥 분말의 첨가가 아질산 잔류량에 영향을 미쳤다. 돈육 패티의 L＊값은 제조직후가 가장 높았으며, 쑥 분말을 첨가한 것이 낮았고, B등급 패티가 E 등급보다 높았다. 돈육 패티의 a＊값은 E 등급육이 B등급육보다 높았으며, 저장 중 변화는 없었고, b＊값은 B등급 육으로 제조한 패티가 E 등급육으로 제조한 것보다 높았다. 돈육 패티의 pH는 저장기간이 경과하면서 낮아졌다. VBN, TBARS 및 총균수는 저장기간에 따라 증가하였으며, 쑥 분말의 영향은 없었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.288-295
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• 2013

Nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) gas damage on vegetable crops commonly occurs in plastic film houses where relatively large amounts of $NO_3{^-}$ are applied in acid soils. In acid soils, $HNO_2$ can be formed from the $NO_2{^-}$ accumulated during denitrification, and $NO_2$ can be evolved from the chemical self-decomposition of $HNO_2$. In this study, $NO_2$ gas production and its detrimental effects on plants were investigated in soils of various conditions to elucidate the mechanisms involved in the gas production. A silty loam soil was amended with $NO_3{^-}$ (500 mg N $kg^{-1}$) and glucose, and pH and moisture of the soil were adjusted respectively to 5.0 and 34.6% water holding capacity (WHC) with 0.01 M phosphate buffer. The soil was placed in a 0.5-L glass jar with strawberry leaf or $NO_2$ gas absorption badge in air space of the jar, and the jar was incubated at $30^{\circ}C$. After 4-5 days of incubation, dark burning was observed along the outside edge of strawberry leaf and $NO_2$ production was confirmed in the air space of jar. However, when the soil was sterilized, $NO_2$ emission was minimal and any visible damage was not found in strawberry leaf. In the soil where water or $NO_3{^-}$ content was reduced to 17.3% WHC or 250 mg N $kg^{-1}$, $NO_2$ production was greatly reduced and toxicity symptom was not found in strawberry leaf. Also in the soil where glucose was not amended, $NO_2$ production was significantly reduced. In soil with pH of 6.5, $NO_2$ was evolved to the level causing damage to strawberry leaf when the soil conditions were favorable for denitrification. However, compared to the soil of pH 5.0, the $NO_2$ production and its damage to plants were much less serious in pH 6.5. Therefore, the production of $NO_2$ damaging plants might be occurred in acid soils when the conditions are favorable for denitrification.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

This study was conducted to gather basic data on the physiological activities of flower extracts from 4 cultivars of white lotus to promote the increase of public consumption. Four cultivars of white lotus: c.v. 'Garam', 'Choeue', 'Baekhwageonryeon', and 'Seungdal' were harvested on 14, August, 2007, and the physiological activities of flower extracts obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol extraction were examined. Total phenol content was highest in the 'Garam' flower hot water extracts, $144.2{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, and lowest in the 'Seungdal' flower ethanol extracts, $63.4{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest at 2,000ppm flower extract of 'Garam' obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol extraction of 90.9% and 83.0%, respectively. Total flavonoid content in the flower extracts of 'Garam' obtained by hot water extraction and ethanol extraction showed the highest levels at $34.1{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}\;and\;33.9^{\mu}g{\cdot}mL^{-1}$, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity at 1,000ppm flower extract was highest in 'Garam'. Extracts obtain by hot water and ethanol showed 91.3% and 80.4% activity, respectively. No significant difference in tyrosinase inhibition activity was observed among the cultivars or as a result of extraction method. Overall anti-microbial activity of the flower extracts was slightly higher in 'Garam' than in the other cultivars.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.303-308
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• 1998

충북 청주시의 공단폐수 유입지로부티 탈질화에 의한 페놀분해 세균이 분리되었다. 분리된 균의 형태적, 생화학적 및 생리학적 특성을 분석한 결과 Pseudomonas sp.로 판명되었고 HL100으로 명명하였다. 분리된 균은 nitrate가 최종전자 수용체로서 공급되는 경우 페놀을 단일 탄소 및 에너지원으로 이용하였다. 배지에 첨가된 nitrate가 nitrite로 환원되면서 3mM의 페놀을 약 110시간만에 완전히 분해하였으며 관찰된 최대 doubling time은 20시간이었다. 적절한 조건에서 nitrate로부터 $N_2$를 생성하는 능력을 보여 분리된 균의 경우 탈질작용의 전과정을 수행할 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 최적 생장온도와 pH는 각각 37$^{\circ}C$와 7.0으로 판명되었으며 탈질화에 의한 생장시 toluene을 탄소원으로 이용하였지만 Xylene과 benzene은 이용하지 못하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.106-116
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• 1990

This study was conducted to investigate of water qualities in the upper and middle reaches of the Han River. For this purpose, water was sampled at Kwangjin and 1st Han-River Bridges of the Han River in Seoul and analysed from August, 1988 to September, 1989. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Water quality at 1st Han-River Bridge was more polluted than that at Kwangjin Bridge. 2. Except biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity, suspended solid (SS), dissolved oxygen (DO), DO saturation (DOS), ammonia nitrogen ($NH_3-N$), nitrite nitrogen ($NO_2-N$) and chloride ion ($Cl^-$) at Kwangjin and 1st Han-River Bridges were lower as compared with the previous data before redevelopment of the Han River. 3. SS, DO and pH at Kwangjin and 1st Han-River Bridges could be classified to the 1st grade in environmental water quality standard. DOS at Kwangjin Bridge was over 100% and that at 1st Han-River Bridge was below 100% in the Han River. BOD at Kwangjin Bridge could be classified to End grade and that at 1st Han-River Bridge to 3rd grade in environmental water quality standard. 4. The higher the level of water was, the lower the levels of turbidity and SS, and $NH_3-N$ was decreased with increasing water level at 1st Han-River Bridge. DO was decreased as water temperature went up but DOS was increased with DO. BOD was positively correlated with nitrite-nitrogens. 5. Turbidity and SS at the both sites and Chloride ion ($Cl^-$) at Kwangjin Bridge were increased in July and August. And DO at the both sites and $NH_3-N$ at 1st Han-River Bridge were decreased in at July and August.