• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.1085-1093
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate anoxic-RBC (rotating biological contactor) and its application in advanced municipal wastewater treatment process to remove biologically organics and ammonia nitrogen. Effluent COD and nitrogen concentration increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. But, the concentration changes of NO$_2$$\^$-/ -N and NO$_3$$\^$-/ -N were little, as compared to COD and NH$_4$$\^$+/ -N. When the volumetric loading rate increased, COD removal efficiency and nitrification appeared very high as 96.7∼98.8% and 92.5∼98.8%, respectively. However, denitrification rate decreased to 76.2∼88.0%. These results showed that the change of volumetric loading rate affected to the denitrification rate more than COD removal efficiency or nitrification rate. The surface loading rates applied to RBC were 0.13～6.0lg COD/㎡-day and 0.312∼1.677g NH$_4$$\^$+/-N㎡-day and they were increased as the increase of volumetric loading rate. However, the nitrification rate showed higher than 90%. The thickness of the biofilm in RBC was 0.130 ∼0.141mm and the density of biofilm was 79.62∼83.78mg/㎤. They were increased as surface loading rate increased. From batch kinetic tests, the k$\_$maxH/ and k$\_$maxN/ were obtained as 1.586 g C/g VSS-day, and 0.276 g N/g VSS-day, respectively. Kinetic constants of denitrifer in anoxic reactor, Y, k$\_$e/, K$\_$s/, and k were 0.678 mg VSS/mg N, 0.0032 day$\^$-1/, 29.0 mg N/l , and 0.108 day$\^$-l/, respectively. P and K$\_$s/, values of nitrification and organics removal in RBC were 0.556 g N/㎡-day and 18.71 g COD/㎡-day, respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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• pp.475-478
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• 2000

For an integrated nitrification-denitrification process, nitrite formation in the aerobic stage leads to big savings. Dissolved oxygen concentration, temperature, pH and free ammonia concentration have been meet for nitrite accumulation. Also their effects over the ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizers have been studied. Dissolved oxygen limitation and free ammonia inhibition led to slow nitrification and nitrite build up. In this study batch kinetics of ammonium and nitrite oxidations were performed with free ammonia accumulated nitrifiers. From the results it is likely the nitrite oxidizers are inhibited by oxygen limitation rather than free ammonia.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.870-877
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to assess the efficiency of nitrification based on ammonia loading rates and hydraulic air-loading rates in a moving bed bioreactor (MBBR) under seawater conditions. The goal was to provide foundational data for the design of these bio reactors. At an ammonia loading rate of 0.2 g TAN·m^-2 surface area·day^-1, the influent TAN concentration was determined to be 1.76±0.33 mg·L^-1, which is below the safe concentration for fish survival (2 mg·L^-1). Considering operational aspects, the optimal ammonia-loading rate was derived. Subsequently, experimental results for nitrification efficiency at the optimal ammonia-loading rate revealed that the optimum hydraulic air-loading rate was 1.8 L·air·m^-2 surface area·min^-1. This condition resulted in the lowest concentrations of TAN and NO₂-N in the influent water, thus establishing the optimal hydraulic air-loading rate. A regression equation was derived for the ammonia-removal rate (Y) based on the ammonia-loading rate (x) and expressed as a 0.5-order equation (Y=ax^0.5+b). Specifically, for TAN concentrations of 0-6 mg·L-1, the regression equation Y=0.1683x^0.5-0.13628, was established.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 1986

본(本) 연구(硏究)는 정화조(淨化槽) 유출수(流出水)의 질소분석(窒素分析) 제거(除去)에 관한 기초적(基礎的)인 연구(硏究)로서 주(主)로 암모니아성(性) 질소제거(窒素除去)를 위한 실험적(實驗的) 결과(結果)에 관한 내용(內容)이다. 실험(實驗)에 사용(使用)한 시료(試料)는 정화조(淨化槽) 유출수(流出水)와 유이(類以)한 합성폐수(合成廢水)를 사용하여 그 처리가능성(處理可能性)을 규명(糾明)한 후 실제(實際) 정화조(淨化槽) 유출수(流出水)를 사용(使用)하여 처리효율(處理效率)을 비교(比較)하였고, 질산화(窒酸化) 반응(反應)이 단계적(段階的)으로 일어날 것을 고려(考慮)하여 4 단계(段階) 생물학적(生物學的) 유동층(流動層)을 고안(考案)하였으며, 이 반응기(反應器)를 이용(利用)하여 질소제거(窒素除去) 가능성(可能性)을 검토(檢討)하였다. 그 결과(結果) 순환비(循環比) 변화(變化)에 의한 유기물(有機物) 제거(除去)는 초기단계(初期段階)에서 80% 정도(程度)였으며 질산화(窒酸化) 반응(反應)은 후기단계(後期段階)에서 90% 이상(以上)의 암모니아성 질소(窒素)가 제거(除去)되었다. 체류시간(滯留時間)에 따른 유기물(有機物) l단계(段階)에서 대부분(大部分) 진행(進行)되어 85% 이상(以上) 제거(除去)되었으며 질산화(窒酸化) 반응(反應)은 3, 4 단계(段階)에서 90% 이상(以上)의 암모니아성(性) 질소(窒素)가 제거(除去)되었으며, 이 때 적정순환비(適正循環比) 및 체류시간(滯留時間)은 각각 30과 7 시간(時間)이었다. 합성폐수(合成廢水)와 실제(實際) 정화조(淨化槽) 유출수(流出水)의 $NH_4{^+}-N$ 제거(除去)와 $NO_3{^-}-N$ 생성(生成) 효율(效率)을 얻기 위한 실험(實驗)에서 $NH_4{^+}-N$ $1mg/{\ell}$ 제거(除去)에 합성폐수(合成廢水)는 $NO_3{^-}-N$ $0.95mg/{\ell}$가 생성(生成)되었고 실제(實際) 정화조(淨化槽) 유출수(流出水)는 $0.82mg/{\ell}$ $NO_3{^-}-N$이 생성(生成)되었다. 또한 유동층(流動層)에서 반응기(反應器)에서 질산화(窒酸化) 반응(反應)의 동력학적(動力學的) 계수(係數)를 구(求)하였다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 1993

Ammonia accumulation is regarded as the limiting factor of the first priority in water qualities of aquatic culture systems. Nitrification efficiency and characteristics in seawater were evaluated using Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) process as a part of the recycling water treatment facilities for marine fish culture system. Ammonia removal efficiency regarded 99.7 to $83.7\%$ at the ammonia surface loading rates of 48 to $393 mg/m^2$ -day. RBC process was able to withstand to the fluctuation of influent ammonia concentrations and loading and produced the stable effluent. The mathematical model on the fixed-film biological reactor developed by Kornegay seemed to be suitable to RBC process kinetic evaluation for the recycling water treatment of the marine fish culture system. Area capacity constant (P) and half-velocity constant (Ks) in the model were 0.188g/m^2$-day and 1.25mg/l, respectively.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.845-855
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• 2011

The aim of this paper is to correlate the release characteristics of marine and lake sediment with their vicinal oxic conditions. We performed lab-scale simulation experiments using field sediment and water in order to compare the release concentrations and the release rates one another. To provide a few different kinds of oxic environments we used natural air flow and some oxygen releasing compounds such as $CaO_2$ and $MgO_2$. In case of phosphates, in each oxic condition, removal of phosphorus via biological activity and that via salt precipitation with the metal ions lowered the release rates. The behavior of the nitrogen-origin salts seemed to greatly depend on the typical biological actions - growth of biomass, nitrification, and partial denitrification. Generally speaking, the control of releases of $NH_3$-N, $PO_4$-P, T-N and T-P was successful under the oxic conditions meanwhile COD, nitrates and nitrites were difficult to reduce the releases into the bulk water because of the considerable microbial oxidation. Based on typical diffusive mass transfer kinetics the changes of concentrations of the nutrients were computed for qualitative and quantitative comparisons.